Al-Mutawakkil I (Arabic: المتوكل على الله أبو عبد الله محمد المتوكل على الله, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad al-Mutawakkil; died 9 January 1406) was the seventh Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1362 and 1383, and then 1389 and 1406.
| al-Mutawakkil I المتوكل الأول | |
|---|---|
| 7th Caliph of Cairo (first period) | |
| Reign | 1362 – 1377 |
| Predecessor | al-Mu'tadid I |
| Successor | al-Musta'sim |
| (second period) | |
| Reign | 1377–1383 |
| Predecessor | al-Musta'sim |
| Successor | al-Wathiq II |
| (third period) | |
| Reign | 1389 – 9 January 1406 |
| Predecessor | al-Musta'sim |
| Successor | al-Musta'in |
| Born | unknown date Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate now Egypt |
| Died | 9 January 1406 Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate now Egypt |
| Issue |
|
| Father | al-Mu'tadid I |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Life
editDuring his reign Khallas Mansour Mohammed in 764 and the Sultanate's accession to his cousin Ashraf Shaaban bin Hussein bin Nasser bin Qalawun. In 767, the Franks and the King of Cyprus took possession of Alexandria. The Crusades did not end with the expulsion of the Crusaders from Acre in 690 and their completion from all the Levant during the days of Ashraf Salah al-Din Khalil ibn al-Mansur Qalawun. They were expelled from the island of Arwad in 702 days. But the Crusades continued because many of the Crusaders had taken refuge in the island of Cyprus after being expelled from the Levant, and they took this island as a stable, and they raided the lands of the Muslims whenever they found the opportunity for them. The Luzganan family, which ruled the island at that time, Mission, mother has taken over This family and the rule of the island in 760 Peter I, has visited Western Europe, and called on the Pope and the kings of Europe to help him to wage a war against Muslims, got some support and walked with those who came from the Crusaders and occupied Alexandria.
In 778 Al-Ashraf Shaaban was killed and the Sultanate surrendered to his son Al-Mansur Ali. He remained in his command until he died in 783. He was succeeded by his brother Saleh Haji for one year and then took off. The order was taken by Sultan Al-Zaher Barqouq, the first of the Circassian Mamluks. Al-Mutawakil was ordered to go out to the city of Qus by the prince of Asakir Aybak al-Badri, who came to Zakaria ibn al-Khalifa, the believer, and gave him the office without any allegiance or unanimity. The Caliph traveled to Qus and returned to his home. Fifteen days later he returned to the office and removed Zakaria. The office was only fifteen days, on the twentieth of the first spring of 779 AH.
In 785 Sultan Barqouq captured the Al-Mutawakil I and imprisoned him in Qal'at al-Jabal, deposed him from the office, and he pledged allegiance to the Muhammad ibn al-Wathiq. He remained in the office for three years. Al-Mutawakil I did not accept it, but Zakariya asked for a trusted brother who sat on the throne for fifteen days without a sale of the year 779 AH, and he took the office and called the name of the Al-Mu'tasim. He remained in succession until 791 AH and returned to the office, removed Al-Musta'sim. Al-Mutawakil continued the office until 808 AH. In the month of Jumada al-Akhirah of the same year (791) Sultan Barqouq was arrested and imprisoned in Karak. Sultan Al-Salih Haji was returned to the Sultanate. He changed his title from Al-Salih to Al-Mansour, but remained in the Sultanate for eight months. Al-Mansur Haji took off in the month of Safar in 792 AH, and ended the reign of the Calawan family. The rule of the Mamluks passed and the Mamluks of Circassia.
References
edit- "Biography of Al-Mutawakkil I" (in Arabic). Islampedia.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-11.
Bibliography
edit- Garcin, Jean-Claude (1967). "Histoire, opposition, politique et piétisme traditionaliste dans le Ḥusn al Muḥādarat de Suyûti" [History, opposition, politics and traditionalistic pietism in Suyuti's Ḥusn al Muḥādarat] (PDF). Annales Islamologiques (in French). 7. Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale: 33–90. doi:10.3406/anisl.1967.909. S2CID 259055409. Archived from the original (PDF, 14.62 MB) on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- Holt, P. M. (1984). "Some Observations on the 'Abbāsid Caliphate of Cairo". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 47 (3). University of London: 501–507. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00113710. JSTOR 618882. S2CID 161092185.