Alauda is a genus of larks found across much of Europe, Asia and in the mountains of north Africa, and one of the species (the Raso lark) endemic to the islet of Raso in the Cape Verde Islands.[1] Further, at least two additional species are known from the fossil record. The current genus name is from Latin alauda, "lark". Pliny the Elder thought the word was originally of Celtic origin.[2]
| Alauda | |
|---|---|
| |
| Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Alaudidae |
| Genus: | Alauda Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Type species | |
| Alauda arvensis Linnaeus, 1758
| |
| Species | |
|
see text | |
Taxonomy and systematics
editThe genus Alauda was introduced by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.[3] The type species was subsequently designated as the Eurasian skylark.[4]
The genus Alauda has four extant and at least two extinct species. Formerly, many other species have also been considered to belong to the genus.
Extant species
editThe genus contains four species:[1]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Alauda leucoptera | White-winged lark | southern Ukraine through Kazakhstan to south-central Russia |
 |
Alauda razae | Raso lark | Raso islet in the Cape Verde Islands |
.jpg) |
Alauda gulgula | Oriental skylark | southern, central and eastern Asia |
| |
Alauda arvensis | Eurasian skylark | across Europe and Asia |
Extinct species
edit- †Alauda xerarvensis (late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria)[5]
- †Alauda tivadari (late Miocene of Polgardi, Hungary)[6]
Former species
editPreviously, some authorities also classified the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Alauda:
- Greater hoopoe-lark (desertorum) (as Alauda desertorum)[7]
- Gray's lark (as Alauda grayi)[8]
- Short-clawed lark (as Alauda chuana)[9]
- Cape long-billed lark (as Alauda curvirostris)[10]
- Dusky lark (as Alauda nigricans)[11]
- Rufous-rumped lark (as Alauda erythropygia)[12]
- Desert lark (as Alauda deserti)[13]
- Middle East desert lark (as Alauda isabellina)[14]
- Bar-tailed lark (arenicolor) (as Alauda arenicolor)[15]
- Senegal chestnut-backed finch-lark (as Alauda melanocephala)[16]
- Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark (as Alauda grisea)[17]
- Congo Sabota lark (as Alauda plebeja)[18]
- Bradfield's lark (as Alauda naevia)[19]
- Pink-breasted lark (as Alauda poecilosterna)[20]
- Karoo lark (as Alauda albescens)[21]
- Karoo lark (codea) (as Alauda codea)[22]
- Karoo lark (guttata) (as Alauda guttata)[23]
- Dune lark (as Alauda erythrochlamys)[24]
- Eastern clapper lark (as Alauda fasciolata)[25]
- Cape clapper lark (as Alauda apiata)[26]
- Woodlark (as Alauda arborea)[27]
- Botha's lark (as Alauda fringillaris)[28]
- Pink-billed lark (as Alauda conirostris)[29]
- Sykes's lark (as Alauda Deva)[30]
- Large-billed lark (as A. magnirostris)[31]
- Crested lark (as Alauda cristata)[32]
- Senegal crested lark (as Alauda senegallensis)[33]
- Crested lark (leautungensis) (as Alauda leautungensis)[34]
- Indian crested lark (as Alauda Chendoola)[35]
- Malabar lark (as Alauda malabarica)[36]
- Horned lark (as Alauda alpestris)[37]
- Mexican horned lark (as Alauda chrysolaema)[38]
- Shore lark (as Alauda flava)[39]
- Southern horned lark (as Alauda Penicillata)[40]
- Temminck's lark (as Alauda bilopha)[41]
- Mongolian short-toed lark (as Alauda Dukhunensis)[42]
- Red-capped lark (as Alauda cinerea)[43]
- Red-capped lark (spleniata) (as Alauda spleniata)[44]
- Greater short-toed lark (as Alauda brachydactila)[45]
- Steppe greater short-toed lark (as Alauda longipennis)[46]
- Bimaculated lark (as Alauda bimaculata)[47]
- Calandra lark (as Alauda calandra)[48]
- Black lark (as Alauda yeltoniensis)[49]
- Mongolian lark (as Alauda mongolica)[50]
- Dupont's lark (as Alauda Duponti)[51]
- Mediterranean short-toed lark (as Alauda rufescens)[52]
- Sand lark (as Alauda raytal)[53]
References
edit- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Nicators, reedling, larks". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 165.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 65.
- ^ Boev, Z. 2012. Neogene Larks (Aves: Alaudidae (Vigors, 1825)) from Bulgaria - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 64 (3), 2012: 295-318.
- ^ Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.
- ^ "Alaemon alaudipes desertorum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-21.
- ^ "Ammomanopsis grayi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-21.
- ^ "Certhilauda chuana - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Certhilauda curvirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
- ^ "Pinarocorys nigricans - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Pinarocorys erythropygia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- ^ "Ammomanes deserti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
- ^ "Ammomanes deserti isabellina - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- ^ "Ammomanes cinctura arenicolor - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- ^ "Eremopterix leucotis melanocephalus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- ^ "Eremopterix griseus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
- ^ "Calendulauda sabota plebeja - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda naevia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda poecilosterna - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- ^ "Calendulauda albescens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
- ^ "Calendulauda albescens codea - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- ^ "Calendulauda albescens guttata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- ^ "Calendulauda erythrochlamys - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- ^ "Mirafra fasciolata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-22.
- ^ "Mirafra apiata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- ^ "Lullula arborea - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-30.
- ^ "Spizocorys fringillaris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-04.
- ^ "Spizocorys conirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-04.
- ^ "Galerida deva - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
- ^ "Galerida magnirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-07.
- ^ "Galerida cristata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
- ^ "Galerida cristata senegallensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- ^ "Galerida cristata leautungensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- ^ "Galerida cristata chendoola - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
- ^ "Galerida malabarica - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
- ^ "Eremophila alpestris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
- ^ "Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
- ^ "Eremophila alpestris flava - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
- ^ "Eremophila alpestris penicillata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
- ^ "Eremophila bilopha - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
- ^ "Calandrella dukhunensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
- ^ "Calandrella cinerea - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
- ^ "Calandrella cinerea spleniata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- ^ "Calandrella brachydactyla - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
- ^ "Calandrella brachydactyla longipennis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- ^ "Melanocorypha bimaculata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- ^ "Melanocorypha calandra - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
- ^ "Melanocorypha yeltoniensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
- ^ "Melanocorypha mongolica - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
- ^ "Chersophilus duponti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- ^ "Alaudala rufescens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-20.
- ^ "Alaudala raytal - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-20.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alauda.