Baden Fletcher Smyth Baden-Powell, FRAS FRMetS FRGS (22 May 1860 – 3 October 1937) was a military aviation pioneer, and President of the Royal Aeronautical Society from 1900 to 1907.[1]
Baden Baden-Powell | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Baden Fletcher Smyth Baden-Powell 22 May 1860 |
| Died | 3 October 1937 (aged 77) |
| Father | Rev. Prof. Baden Powell |
| Relatives | Warington Baden-Powell (brother) George Baden-Powell (brother) Frank Baden-Powell (brother) Robert Baden-Powell (brother) Agnes Baden-Powell (sister) |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Years of service | 1882-1903 |
| Rank | Major |
| Unit | Scots Guards |
| Battles / wars |
|
Family
editBaden was the youngest child of the Rev. Prof. Baden Powell, and the youngest brother of Warington Baden-Powell, George Baden-Powell, Frank Baden-Powell, Robert Baden-Powell and Agnes Baden-Powell. His mother, Henrietta Grace Smyth, was a daughter of Admiral William Henry Smyth, and was the third wife of Rev. Baden Powell (the previous two having died). She was a gifted musician and artist, but when her husband died she was left with eight small children and four older step-children, so she had to be "tough". Baden did not marry - his mother was quite brutal in trying to keep her children and herself as a family.[2] Baden was god-father to, among others, his brother's daughter Betty Clay nee Baden-Powell.[3]
Military
editBaden-Powell was commissioned a Lieutenant in the Scots Guards on 29 July 1882, and served with the Guards Camel Regiment in the Nile Expedition (1884–85) in Egypt and Sudan. Promotion to Captain followed on 5 February 1896, and to Major on 24 June 1899. He served with the 1st battalion of his regiment in South Africa during the Second Boer War, and was present at the battles of Belmont (23 November 1899), Modder River (28 November 1899), and Magersfontein (11 Dec 1899). He was in the Relief Column that in May 1900 relieved the siege of Mafeking, where his elder brother was in command.[4] A month after the end of the war in late May 1902, Baden-Powell returned to Britain with his regiment in the SS Tagus.[5]
Baden-Powell was one of the first to see the use of aviation in a military context.[6][7] He was a military aviation pioneer; within a year of joining the army at 22, he was lecturing on military uses of lighter-than-air flight, and in 1894, Baden-Powell made the first British military balloon flight.[8] Baden-Powell wrote an article including "What will the good citizens of London say when they see a hostile dynamite-carrying aerostat hovering over St. Paul's?" He wrote to Lord Kelvin, who replied that he had "not a molecule of faith" in flight.
Aviation and inventions
editBaden-Powell became a Fellow and later President of the Royal Aeronautical Society and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (elected in 1891).[9] He also wrote, "Ballooning as a Sport", published in 1907 by William Blackwood and Sons.[10]
With his sister Agnes,[11] they built and flew in their own hot-air balloons, man-carrying kites,[12] gliders and powered aircraft. He invented a twelve-foot man-carrying kite that he flew at Whitton Park, Hounslow, England,[13] and later a three-kite system that he called the Levitor.[14] He helped Marconi in Newfoundland in his efforts to transmit and receive radio messages across the Atlantic, using Baden-Powell's man-carrying kite to lift the radio aerial.
He also developed a collapsible military bicycle.[15]
He obtained one of the first British patents for a television system, "An electrical method of reproducing distant scenes visually", published 19 April 1921 (GB161706).[16]
He contributed to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition entry on 'kite-flying'.[17]
Bibliography
edit1892: "In savage isles and settled lands. Malaysia, Australasia and Polynesia, 1888-1891", published by R.Bentley and Son, London.[18] Among other incidents, Baden-Powell recounts a visit to Batavia (now Jakarta), where he was a guest at a dinner party hosted by a leading local magnate, Khouw Yauw Kie, Kapitein der Chinezen.[19]
1903: War in practice
1909: Practical aerodynamics and the theory of the aeroplane. A résumé of the principles evolved by past experiments
Scouting
editBaden-Powell was the first who brought flying-based activities into Scouting[20] in the form of kite and model aeroplane building. He can be considered the founder of Air Scouting[20] even though he thought it was hardly feasible to have special 'Air Scouts'.[21]
Baden-Powell was President and later District Commissioner of a North London District, was District Commissioner of Sevenoaks District, Kent between 1918 and 1935, and was Headquarters Commissioner for Aviation from 1923, until his death in 1937.
Notes
edit- ^ Past Presidents, Royal Aeronautical Society (Retrieved 17 Oct 2016).
- ^ "Baden-Powell" by Tim Jeal
- ^ "Betty Clay | Home".
- ^ Hart´s army list, 1903
- ^ "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning Home". The Times. No. 36812. London. 5 July 1902. p. 8.
- ^ Hugh Driver. The Birth of Military Aviation: Britain, 1903-1914. page 185 at google books
- ^ "The Tatler" No. 107, 15 July 1903, page 85
- ^ "Baden Baden-Powell | the Engines of Our Ingenuity".
- ^ "Second Meeting, 23rd November, 1891. Election of Fellows". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. New Series. 13: 731. 1891.
- ^ Ballooning as a Sport, for sale on eBay UK.
- ^ "Baden Baden-Powell | the Engines of Our Ingenuity".
- ^ Cosmopolitan Magazine, April 1899
- ^ McClure's Magazine
- ^ Pelham, D.; The Penguin Book of Kites, Penguin 1976
- ^ "MAJOR BADEN-POWELL'S COLLAPSIBLE MILITARY BICYCLE". Trove.NLA.Gov. TROVE. 24 July 1901. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
- ^ "L'impact de la roue à miroirs, 1910-1920", Site "Histoire de la télévision", https://www.histv.net/impact-de-la-roue-a-miroir-1920-194
- ^ Breck, Edward; Dines, William Henry; Baden-Powell, Baden Fletcher Smyth (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 838–839.
- ^ Baden Fletcher Smyth Baden-Powell. 1892. Malaysia, Australasia and Polynesia, 1888-1891. At archive.org.)
- ^ Baden-Powell, Baden Fletcher Smyth (1892). In savage isles and settled lands : Malaysia, Australasia and Polynesia, 1888-1891. London: Bentley. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Khouw.
- ^ a b The Early History of Air Scouting at scoutguidehistoricalsociety.com
- ^ (Baden Baden-Powell in Scouter July, 1932) "...it has been suggested that Air Scouts should be organised in the same way as Sea Scouts. Though the air is 'ever with us', access to aerodromes is not common and though Sea Scouts can mess about 'in any old boat', a Scout is unlikely to be able to get access to an aeroplane, and even if he did he would not be able to fly it. ...it seems hardly feasible to have special 'Air Scouts', yet a great deal may be accomplished by troops specialising in air-work... I shall always be pleased to give what advice I can."