Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa (National Swahili Council, abbreviated as BAKITA) is a Tanzanian institution responsible with regulating and promoting the Kiswahili language.
| Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa | |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 1967 |
| Superseding agency |
|
| Jurisdiction | Tanzania Republic |
| Agency executive |
|
| Parent agency | Ministry of Education |
Background
editTanganyika and Zanzibar, the two constituents of modern Tanzania, had come under German colonial rule by the 1880s. The territory was inhabited by a large number of ethnic groups speaking different languages. The German colonial government decided to use Kiswahili as the language of administration after becoming fearful that use of German would introduce the local population to subversive Marxist texts. The British, who took over after the defeat of Germany in World War 1 continued this policy.[1]
Swahili has 17 dialects. The Interterritorial Language Committee, in 1930 under British colonial rule in East Africa, was tasked with creating a standardized form of the language. The Kiunjuga dialect spoken in Zanzibar was chosen as the base. The committee was also involved in standardizing the spelling as well as coining some new words. The committee was reorganized into a purely academic institution as Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili (TATAKI) in 1964 and integrated into the University of Dar es Salaam in 1970.[2]
Meanwhile, the Tanganyika African National Union, fighting for freedom from colonial rule, had adopted Kiswahili as a language of mass organization and political revolution. After coming to power, Kiswahili was made the national language and was seen as a tool for national integration and social development. Since Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili had transitioned into a purely academic institution, there was a void with respect to its standardization functions. Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa was founded to fill this void.[1][3]
Foundation and activities
editBAKITA was founded by a parliamentary act in 1967 as organization dedicated to the development and advocacy of Kiswahili as a means of national integration in Tanzania. Its mission was laid down in this act and further expanded in an amendment passed in 1983. Key activities mandated for the organization include creating a healthy atmosphere for the development of Kiswahili, encouraging use of the language in government and business functions, coordinating activities of other organizations involved with Kiswahili, standardizing the language[3]
BAKITA cooperates with organizations like TATAKI in creation, standardization and dissemination of specialized terminologies. Other institutions can propose new vocabulary to respond to emerging needs but only BAKITA can approve usage.[2] By the end of the 1970s, terminologies had been published in Tafsisru Sanifu, a BAKITA journal, for economics and business, administration and government, mathematics, science, social science and engineering among other fields.[4]
BAKITA coordinates its activities with similar bodies in Kenya and Uganda to aid in the development of Kiswahili.[5]
See also
edit- Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa (BASATA), the Tanzanian council for art
- Baraza la Muziki la Taifa (BAMUTA), the former Tanzanian council for music
- Chama cha Kiswahili cha Taifa (CHAKITA), its Kenyan counterpart
References
edit- ^ a b Askew, Kelly (2002). Performing the Nation: Swahili Music and Cultural Politics in Tanzania. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. pp. 181–182. ISBN 9780226029801.
- ^ a b Yambi, Josephine (Fall 2000). "Planned and spontaneous vocabulary expansion in Tanzanian Kiswahili". Studies in the Linguistic Sciences. 30 (2): 212. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.188.6044.
- ^ a b Massamba, David PB (1989). "An assessment of the development and modernization of the Kiswahili language in Tanzania". In Coulmas, Florian (ed.). Language Adaptation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 64–65. ISBN 0-521-36255-5.
- ^ Antia, Bassem (2000). Terminology and Language Planning: An Alternative Framework of Practice and Discourse. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 9027223254.
- ^ Schadeberg, Thilo C. (2009). "Loanwords in Swahili". In Haspelmath, Martin; Tadmor, Uri (eds.). Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 76.
External links
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