The Battle of Lemo was fought during the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia on 19–20 June 1808 (Julian calendar 7–8 June).
| Battle of Lemo | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Finnish War | |||||||
 Swedish troops landing at Lemo, by Jacob Hägg | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Sweden |
 Russian Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Eberhard von Vegesack |
Karl Gustav von Baggovut | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
2,400–2,600[1] 6 guns |
3,600[2] 8 guns | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 217 or 218 killed, wounded or captured[3][2] | 218–298 killed, wounded or captured[2][3] | ||||||
On 19 June, about 2,500 Swedes landed at Lemo (Finnish:Lemu) in Kaarina (Swedish:S:t Karins) in Southwest Finland, aided by the Swedish Navy. There, the Swedes intended to liberate Åbo (Finnish:Turku) from the Russians. The Swedish landing forces were commanded by Major General Eberhard von Vegesack. The Russian had about 3,600 men in the area under the command of Lieutenant General Karl Gustav von Baggovut.
Battle forces
editSwedish
edit| Battle unit | Strength |
|---|---|
| Svea, Swedish and Finnish Guards | 1 battalion (600 men) |
| Svea Artillery Regiment | 6 guns (60 men) |
| Uppland Landwehr Brigade | 4 battalions (1,770 men) |
| Life Guards of Horse | 1 squadron (75 men) |
| Sharpshooters from Sveaborg | 108 men |
| Finnish peasants | 200 men |
| 2,813 men[2][note 1] |
Russian
edit| Battle unit | Commander | Strength | Others |
|---|---|---|---|
| Libau Infantry Regiment[4] | Colonel Yakov Vadkovsky | 6½ companies | |
| Brest Infantry Regiment[5] | Colonel Peter Ivelich | ½ company | |
| Finnish Dragoon Regiment[6] | Major General Nikolay Borozdin | 1 squadron | |
| Pernov (Pärnu) Musketeer Regiment[7] | Colonel Pavel Choglokov | 2 companies | |
| Neva Musketeer Regiment[8] | Colonel Alexander Patton | 4 companies | |
| 3,600 men | The Russians also had 8 guns |
Overview
editMajor General von Vegesack started immediately to entrench the landing site. The main defense line was set along the terrain facing the open field. The guns deployed to the front of Ala-Lemo Manor house. The gunboats that escorted the landing fleet were positioned at the strait so that they closed the strait and had a view to the battlefield. The Russian troops were deployed in small units along the Turku-Vyborg main road.
Phase 1 (Sunday 19 June)
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The initial phases of the operation were quite successful for the Swedes, who managed to advance several kilometers and eventually have Turku in sight. However, the units of the Libau Infantry Regiment with one gun launched the first Russian counterattack and they pushed the advanced Swedish troops back to the main defense line. Von Vegesack attacked immediately to the Russian center. The Russian commander Baggovut received reinforcements and he attacked with divided forces; 2 companies attacked on the right, 2 companies on the left, and 2 companies with the gun in the center. Lieutenant von Vegesack (the son of the general) found the Russian left flank open and attacked immediately. The Russians had to withdraw a few kilometers in defense. The Swedish troops followed.
Phase 2 (Monday 20 June)
editMajor General Nikolay Borozdin collected more reinforcements: 300 men from the Brest Infantry Regiment, two more guns, and one squadron of the Finland Dragoon Regiment. In the early morning the Libau Infantry Regiment made the Swedish troops retreat again back to the main defense line. Von Vegesack ordered all of the men from the nearby islands to the Lemo battlefield and strengthened the defense line.
Baggovut received the Pernov (Pärnu) Musketeer Regiment as additional reinforcement. The Russian launched the whole front attack with bayonets; the Pernov Regiment on the right, the Libau Regiment in the center, and the Brest Regiment on the left. The Russian artillery set fire to the Ala-Lemo Manor house. The Swedes were forced to pull back and eventually evacuate to their ships. The fortifications at the shore and later the gunboats defended the fleeing Swedes. The Russian artillery moved to the shore and fired at the Swedish fleet. Von Vegesack pulled both the land and sea forces back to the Åland Islands.
After the battle the Russian reserve forces at Yli-Lemo were 2 companies from the Nevski Regiment and ½ squadron of the Finland Dragoon Regiment.
Legacy
editIn the summer of 2008 the monument Kuoleva Soturi ("Dying soldier") by the sculptor Heidi Limnell was erected near the Yli-Lemo Manor house in memory of all soldiers killed in the battle of Lemo. The monument was inspired by The Tales of Ensign Stål, part: Den döende krigaren.
Notes, citations and sources
editNotes
editCitations
edit- ^ a b Wolke & Hårdstedt 2009, p. 258.
- ^ a b c d Hornborg 1955, pp. 176–177.
- ^ a b Berg, Otto Lars; Norman, Hans (2008). Landsättning vid Lemo 19-20 juni 1808 : korts historik till 200-årsdagen av slaget vid Lemo (in Swedish). Upplands regementes historiekommitté. pp. 18–30. ISBN 978-91-633-2879-4.
- ^ 6-й пехотный Либавский Принца Фридриха-Леопольда Прусского полк
- ^ 49-й пехотный Брестский Его Императорского Высочества Великого Князя Михаила Михайловича полк
- ^ Финляндский драгунский полк
- ^ 3-й гренадерский Перновский Короля Фридриха-Вильгельма IV полк
- ^ 1-й пехотный Невский генерал-фельдмаршала графа Ласси, ныне Его Величества Короля Эллинов полк
Sources
edit- Hornborg, Eirik (1955). När riket sprängdes: fälttågen i Finland och Västerbotten, 1808-1809 (in Swedish). Stockholm: P. A. Norstedts och Söners Förlag.
- Wolke, Lars Ericson; Hårdstedt, Martin (2009). Svenska sjöslag (in Swedish). Stockholm: Medströms Bokförlag. ISBN 9789173290302.
