Bertram Stevens (politician)

Sir Bertram Sydney Barnsdale Stevens KCMG (2 January 1889 – 24 March 1973), also referred to as B. S. B. Stevens, was an Australian politician who served as the 25th Premier of New South Wales, in office from 1932 to 1939 as leader of the United Australia Party (UAP).

The Honourable Sir Bertram Stevens KCMG
Stevens c. 1939
25th Premier of New South Wales Elections: 1932, 1935, 1938
In office 16 May 1932 – 5 August 1939
Monarchs	George VI Edward VIII George V
Governor	The Lord Wakehurst Sir David Anderson The Lord Gowrie Sir Philip Game
Deputy	Michael Bruxner
Preceded by	Jack Lang
Succeeded by	Alexander Mair
13th Leader of the Opposition in New South Wales
In office 5 April – 13 May 1932
Monarch	George V
Governor	Philip Game
Deputy	Reginald Weaver
Preceded by	Thomas Bavin
Succeeded by	Jack Lang
Leader of the United Australia Party in New South Wales
In office 6 April 1932 – 5 August 1939
Deputy	Eric Spooner Reginald Weaver None (until 27 April)
Preceded by	Thomas Bavin
Succeeded by	Alexander Mair
Deputy Leader of the Opposition in New South Wales
In office 18 February 1931 – 5 April 1932
Leader	Thomas Bavin
Preceded by	Richard Ball
Cabinet Positions Minister for Local Government In office 21 July – 5 August 1939 Preceded by Eric Spooner Succeeded by Alexander Mair Secretary for Public Works In office 21 July – 5 August 1939 Preceded by Eric Spooner Succeeded by Alexander Mair In office 10 February – 21 August 1935 Preceded by Reginald Weaver Succeeded by Eric Spooner 41st Treasurer of New South Wales In office 16 May 1932 – 13 October 1938 Preceded by Jack Lang Succeeded by Alexander Mair In office 16 April 1929 – 3 November 1930 Premier Thomas Bavin Preceded by Thomas Bavin Succeeded by Jack Lang Assistant Treasurer In office 18 October 1927 – 15 April 1929 Premier Thomas Bavin Minister Thomas Bavin Preceded by Robert Cruickshank Succeeded by Eric Spooner
Electorate Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Croydon In office 7 September 1927 – 12 August 1940 Preceded by Electorate established Succeeded by David Hunter
Department Positions 8th Director of Finance In office 22 November 1924 – 12 July 1925 Minister Responsible Arthur Cocks George Fuller Jack Lang Preceded by John Spence Succeeded by Clarence Radford Chapman
Personal details
Born	(1889-01-02)2 January 1889 Redfern, Colony of New South Wales
Died	24 March 1973(1973-03-24) (aged 84) Concord West, New South Wales, Australia
Resting place	Pine Grove Memorial Park, Minchinbury
Political party	United Australia (after 1932) Nationalist (until 1932)
Spouse	Edith Lillie Anderson ​ ​ (m. 1914)​
Education	Fort Street School

Stevens grew up in Sydney and was an accountant and public servant before entering politics. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly at the 1927 state election, as a member of the Nationalist Party. In 1929, he was appointed state treasurer under Thomas Bavin, serving until his party lost the 1930 election. In 1932, Stevens was elected as the inaugural leader of the state branch of the UAP. He became premier later that year, following the dismissal of Labor's Jack Lang, and subsequently led his party to victory at the 1932, 1935, and 1938 elections. Stevens was ousted in 1939 and replaced by Alexander Mair. He made an abortive attempt to enter federal politics at the 1940 election, and thereafter played little part in public life.

Early life

Stevens was born on 2 January 1889 in Redfern, Sydney, New South Wales. He was the seventh surviving child of Sarah (née Barnsdale) and John Stevens; his father worked as a carpenter. Stevens attended the Fort Street Model School, leaving in 1905 to work as a clerk for the Sydney Municipal Council. As a young man he served as a Methodist lay preacher; he kept teetotal and did not smoke. After training as an accountant, Stevens was appointed deputy town clerk of Manly in 1908, and then in 1912 became a clerk in the Department of Local Government. He married Edith Lillie Anderson on 18 April 1914, with whom he had three children. By 1920, Stevens was working as an inspector for the Public Service Board. He was appointed under-secretary and director of finance at the New South Wales Treasury in 1924. However, he soon came into conflict with Premier Jack Lang and resigned his position the following year. His resignation made him a public figure, and in 1927 he was elected to the Marrickville Council.

Political career

In 1927 Stevens entered the Legislative Assembly, as member for the Sydney suburban electoral district of Croydon. During the Nationalist Party Premiership of Sir Thomas Bavin, Stevens served first as Assistant Treasurer, and from 1929 as Treasurer. Not long after the Great Depression ended Bavin's administration in 1930, Stevens became Deputy Leader of the Opposition. In 1932 the Nationalist Party was absorbed into the United Australia Party, and Stevens became that party's state parliamentary leader.

Premier of New South Wales

In May 1932 the Governor, Sir Philip Game, citing the reserve powers of The Crown, dismissed the government of the Labor Premier, Jack Lang, which was in dispute with Australia's federal government of James Scullin. Game appointed Stevens as caretaker Premier. Stevens immediately called a state election, which his party won in a commanding landslide.

His major reform was the replacement of the appointed Legislative Council, by a Council elected by the whole parliament to terms equivalent to four Assembly terms, that is up to 12 years; this was passed by referendum in 1933. He reduced the protections for mortgagors and tenants that had been introduced by Lang's 1925–27 government. The UAP was re-elected (by somewhat reduced majorities) in 1935 and 1938, each time against the Lang-led Labor Party. For most of Stevens's seven-year Premiership, one of the longest in New South Wales history – it continued until the eve of World War II – he was his own Treasurer.

Premier Bertram Stevens (left) at a polling place in Croydon on 13 May 1935.

Stevens with members of his cabinet in 1939.

Stevens disliked the restrictive aspects of the Premiers' Plan, and was seen as overly parochial in his dealings with other states and the federal government. In a November 1932 letter to Stanley Bruce, Prime Minister Joseph Lyons wrote "We have got rid of Lang but unfortunately we now have a Stevens to contend with. At least one could go out and attack Lang in the open. In the case of Stevens, however, one is continually sabotaged from behind."

Although Stevens's dealings with Country Party leader and Deputy Premier Michael Bruxner were friendly, the same was not true of his working relationship with his own party's deputy leaders. In 1935 Stevens dropped Deputy leader Reginald Weaver from the ministry, describing him as "too extreme in personal independence" and possessing a "needlessly sharp tongue", Weaver was replaced as deputy by Eric Spooner. Spooner was critical of Stevens' relationship with the Country Party and in 1938 he was passed over as Treasurer. In July 1939, Spooner resigned from cabinet and on 1 August moved a motion that was critical of the proposal to cut government spending in order to restrain a growing deficit, with Spooner personally attacking Stevens, describing him as running the party as a dictatorship. The coalition had a large majority in the assembly, however the motion was passed 43 to 41, with nine other UAP members joining Spooner in voting against the government. Having lost the confidence of the assembly, Stevens resigned as UAP leader and premier. Spooner's ambitions to replace Stevens as leader were thwarted as Bruxner made it clear that he and the Country Party would not serve under him. TreasurerAlexander Mair succeeded Stevens as Premier.

Federal politics

Still only 50 years old when he lost the premiership, Stevens had long had hopes of a career in the federal parliament. Prime Minister Joseph Lyons had no clear successor, and within New South Wales many thought Stevens would be a suitable replacement; he had little support in other states, however. Despite Robert Menzies's attempts to discourage him, he abandoned his Assembly seat in 1940 and ran for the Labor-controlled Division of Lang  during that year's federal election. He was easily defeated by the ALP incumbent, Dan Mulcahy.

Croydon residence

Stevens lived at 15 Malvern Avenue, Croydon, New South Wales for around 25 years. He lived there whilst Premier of NSW (1932–1939). He also briefly resided at 'Hillcrest' at 26 Malvern Avenue.

Later life

In 1941 and 1942, Stevens served as the Australian representative to the Eastern Group Supply Council in New Delhi. After the war, Stevens was president of the India League of Australia, and wrote prolifically upon Indian politics; but he never again held, or sought, elective office. He died in the Sydney suburb of Concord West, poor as a result of a long public service career and almost forgotten, survived by a son and two daughters. Stevens was accorded a state funeral and buried beside his wife who pre-deceased him in 1966 at Pine Grove Memorial Park, Minchinbury, New South Wales.

Honours

• Stevens was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1941.
• Sir Bertram Stevens Drive, a main access road through Royal National Park, a protected national park in Sutherland Shire, NSW.

See also

• First Stevens–Bruxner ministry
• Second Stevens–Bruxner ministry
• Third Stevens–Bruxner ministry

References

Notes

Citations

External links

• Portraits of Bertram Stevens at the National Portrait Gallery, London