Wikipedia

Canadian Silver Maple Leaf

The Canadian Silver Maple Leaf is a silver bullion coin that is issued annually by the Government of Canada since 1988. It is produced by the Royal Canadian Mint.

Silver Maple Leaf
Canada
Value5.00 CAD (main series)[a]
Mass31.11[1] g (1.00 troy oz)
Diameter37.97 mm (1.4948 in)
Thickness3.29 mm (0.1295 in)
EdgeSerrated (Reeded edge)
Composition99.99% Ag
Years of minting1988–present
Obverse
DesignCharles III
DesignerSteven Rosati
Design date2024
Reverse
DesignMaple Leaf
DesignerRCM engravers
Design date1988[b]

The Silver Maple Leaf is legal tender. The face value is 5 Canadian dollars. The market value of the metal varies, depending on the spot price of silver. The standard version has a weight of 1 troy ounce (31.1 grams).[1]

The Silver Maple Leaf's obverse and reverse display, respectively, the profile of Charles III and the Canadian Maple Leaf. In 2014, new security features were introduced: radial lines and a micro-engraved laser mark.[2]

History

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The Silver Maple Leaf is issued annually by the Government of Canada. Introduced in 1988 by the Royal Canadian Mint, there have been four subsequent standard editions and several special editions.

The Silver Maple Leaf's obverse displayed the profile of Elizabeth II up until 2023. There have been three subsequent versions of the Queen's profile:

Canadian coins released to the public starting in 2024 now bear a new obverse of her successor King Charles III.

 
Three 25-coin tubes together with seven coins

The Silver Maple Leaf's reverse displays the Canadian Maple Leaf. This design has remained unchanged since 1988. In 2014, however, new security features were introduced: radial lines and a micro-engraved laser mark. Also the obverse was affected by this.

The phrases CANADA and FINE SILVER 1 OZ ARGENT PUR are universal elements.

Granted a face value of 5 Canadian dollars, the Silver Maple Leaf has status as legal tender. It has also a market value that depends on the spot price of silver and that normally exceeds the nominal face value. With few exceptions and alike similar international bullion coins, the Silver Maple Leaf has a weight of 1 troy ounce (31.1 grams). The 99.99% silver content makes the coin among the finest official bullion coins worldwide.

Samples of the Silver Maple Leaf often carry a blemish that has a milky-white appearance, called a milk spot. This happens when a cleaning detergent is left on the coin when it goes into the annealing furnace.[citation needed]. This issue was addressed in 2018 with the RCM introduction of "MINTSHIELD" surface protection technology to prevent milk spots.[3]

The Silver Maple Leaf was originally packaged in Mylar. Since 2009, due to increasing demand, it is packaged in semi-transparent tubes with a yellow lid bearing the RCM logo. Some special editions have tubes with an orange, red, blue, dark blue or grey lid. Each tube contains 25 coins.[4] Furthermore, there exist boxes that contain 20 tubes each.

Mintage (main series)

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Year Mintage Ref. Year Mintage Ref. Year Mintage Ref.
1988 1,155,931 [5] 1998 591,359 [5] 2008 7,909,161 [5]
1989 3,332,200 1999 1,229,442 2009 9,727,592
1990 1,708,800 2000 403,652 2010 17,799,992 [6]
1991 644,300 2001 398,563 2011 23,129,966 [7]
1992 343,800 2002 576,196 2012 18,132,297 [8]
1993 1,133,900 2003 684,750 2013 28,222,061 [9]
1994 889,946 2004 680,925 2014 29,245,000 [10]
1995 326,244 2005 955,694 2015 N/A
1996 250,445 2006 2,464,727 2016
1997 100,970 2007 3,526,052 2017

The issue from the year 2000 was sold as an uncirculated bulk coin yet bears the Fireworks privy mark on it.
It is re-listed in the special privy mark section below but is still essentially part of the standard bullion series.

Commemoratives

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Anniversaries

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Year Mintage Artist (reverse) Artist (obverse) Description FV Set
1998
13,533
 RCM engravers Dora de Pedery-Hunt 10th Anniversary Silver Maple Leaf
$50.00
 10-ounce coin in reverse proof, with COA made of sterling silver, in a black leather-box.
2003
28,947
 RCM engravers RCM engravers 15th Anniversary Silver Maple Leaf
$1 - $5
 5-coin set: 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/10, and 1/20 oz. Hologram maple leaf.
2008
10,000
 20th Anniversary Silver Maple Leaf Gold-plated maple leaf.
2013
9,999
 Arnold Nogy Susanna Blunt 25th Anniversary Silver Maple Leaf
$1 - $5
 5-coin set: 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/10 and 1/20 oz.
1,000,000
 Walter Ott (RCM) Susanna Blunt 25th Anniversary Canadian Maple Leaf
$5.00
 1-ounce coin.
10,000
 Jean-Louis Sirois Susanna Blunt 25th Anniversary Silver Piedfort
Jean-Louis Sirois Arnold Machin 25th Anniversary Silver Maple Leaf
$5.00
 1-ounce matte proof coin with selective gold plating on the reverse
2,000
$50.00
 5-ounce matte proof coin with selective gold plating on the reverse, in red lacquer-box
2,500
 Arnold Nogy Arnold Machin
$50.00
 5-ounce coin reverse proof, in red lacquer-box
2018
5,000
 RCM engravers Susanna Blunt 30th Anniversary Silver Maple Leaf
$5.00
 2 x 1-ounce coin, modified reverse proof and modified matte proof (both w. laser-engraved pattern)
6,000
$10.00
 2-ounce coin, modified matte proof (w. laser-engraved pattern), both s. Gold-plated
6,500
 Pierre Leduc Susanna Blunt 30th Anniversary Maple Leaf Quartet
$3.00
 4 square coins, reverse proof, both s. rose Gold-plated, all 4 coins together display a big maple leaf
RCM engravers Susanna Blunt 30th Anniversary Silver Maple Leaf
$5.00
 1-ounce coin

Editions with special privy marks

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In 1999, many Silver Maple Leaf coins were issued with a privy mark to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the RCM Maple Leaf Program. In the following year, the coins featured a privy mark with fireworks and the number 2000. Another Silver Maple Leaf version was issued to commemorate the millennium. The coins were double-dated 1999 and 2000.[11]

Anniversaries and commemorations

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Year Privy mark Artist Mintage Comment
1989 10 year anniv. of GML RCM engravers, Arnold Machin 30,000 Sold by RCM in a wooden box. Only luster finishing, but no privy mark, matte proof
1998 90th Anniversary Royal Canadian Mint[12] Walter Ott, RCM engravers 13,025 Sold by RCM.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police[12] 25,000 Made for Canada Post.
Titanic[12] 26,000 Made for Dillon Gage.
1999–2000 Fireworks 298,775 Dual-dated. All maple leafs dated 1999-2000 show fireworks privy with no date inside the oval privy mark.
2000 403,652 All maple leafs dated 2000 show fireworks privy with "2000" inside the oval privy mark.
Expo Hanover[12] 25,000 Included a certificate of authenticity. Released in Europe only.
2004 Alphonse Desjardins[12] 15,000 Sold by La Caisse Populaire Desjardins
D-Day[12] 11,698 Included a certificate of authenticity.
2005 Dutch Tulip Liberation of the Netherlands 60th anniversary 3,500 Made for Royal Dutch Mint.
Victory in Europe 7,000 Sold in US by Jerry Morgan.
Victory in Japan
2009 London's Tower Bridge RCM engravers 75,000 Released by 'CoinInvestDirect.com' in Europe only.
Brandenburg Gate 50,000
2012 Leaning Tower of Pisa
Titanic 100th anniversary 25,000 Released by 'APMEX.com'; 2012 privy shows smoke billowing from stacks, 1998 Titanic privy shows no smoke.
2014 World Money Fair in Berlin 7,500 Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint.
ANA World's Fair of Money in Chicago
Chinese Lunar Horse Double Privy 500 Minted for Chinese Government
2015 Heart (Fisher House Foundation) 25,000 Radial lines security features with maple leaf security privy at lower left of reverse side. Sold by Rosland Capital.
E=mc2 (100th Anniv. of Albert Einstein's Theory) 50,000 Sold by 'BullionExchanges.com'
ANA World's Fair of Money in Chicago 5,000 Sold by official dealers of RCM
2016 Timber Wolf privy mark (commemorating 2011 Canadian Wildlife series coins) 50,000 Reverse Proof; sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. This is the 1st coin of the 6-coin set
Grizzly Bear privy mark (commemorating 2011 Canadian Wildlife series coins) Reverse Proof; sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. This is the 2nd coin of the 6-coin set
Yin and Yang Reverse Proof. Released before Chinese New Year 2016.
Panda privy mark Reverse Proof; privy design based on 1982 Chinese Gold Panda coin. Released by 'APMEX.com'
Mark V Tank (UK) 100 year anniversary Reverse Proof; Released by Provident Metals
Shamrock/Four Leaf Clover Reverse Proof; Released in tribute to Irish Canadians for St. Patrick's Day 2016.
Bigfoot Reverse Proof; Released by Provident Metals and inspired by the Patterson-Gimlin film of Bigfoot
ANA World's Fair of Money in Anaheim, California Poppy 6,000 Reverse Proof; Released for 2016 ANA Money Fair in Anaheim, California commemorating California's state flower, the Poppy (Eschscholzia californica)
2017 Panda privy mark 50,000 Reverse Proof; Panda Privy Maple series based on the 1983 Gold Chinese Panda coin. Coin features a Privy of a Panda standing beside its favourite food bamboo. 'APMEX.com' exclusive
150th Anniversary Logo & 1867-2017 Dual Dates 150,000 Reverse Proof; Sesquicentennial of the Confederation of Canada. Privy mark on left side of leaf stem is the stylized official "Canada 150" anniversary logo; Privy mark on the right side of leaf stem shows dual dates "1867-2017"
Cougar privy mark (commemorating 2011 Canadian Wildlife series coins) Pierre Leduc (Reverse), RCM engravers (obverse) 50,000 Reverse Proof; Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. This is the 3rd coin of the 6-coin set.
Moose privy mark (commemorating 2011 Canadian Wildlife series coins) RCM engravers Reverse Proof; Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. This is the 4th coin of the 6-coin set.
2018 Pronghorn Antelope Privy (commemorating 2011 Canadian Wildlife series coins) Reverse Proof; Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. This is the 5th coin of the 6-coin set.
Wood Bison Privy (commemorating 2011 Canadian Wildlife series coins) Reverse Proof; Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. This is the 6th coin of the 6-coin set.
ANA Privy Mark: The Pennsylvania Mountain Laurel 6,000 Reverse Proof; Originally sold in a RCM Black Box with Red Clamshell, includes a CoA.
Light Bulb (Edison Series?) 50,000 Reverse Proof; Released by Manfra, Tordella and Brookes (MTB)?
2019 Phonograph (Edison Series?)
2020 "W" mint mark Walter Ott (reverse); Susanna Blunt (obverse) 10,000 Presented in a RCM branded clamshell with a black beauty box. Features a "W" mint mark and a Burnished finish. Includes a Certificate of Authenticity.
2021 8,000 Presented in a RCM branded clamshell with a black beauty box. Features a "W" mint mark and a Tailored specimen finish. Includes a Certificate of Authenticity.
2024 First Strikes: Polar Bear Privy mark Walter Ott, RCM engravers (reverse); Steven Rosati (obverse) 25,000 First bullion strikes featuring His Majesty King Charles III, sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. Encapsulated in a premium card. A privy mark with a single polar bear can be seen on the coin.
First Strikes: Congratulations Privy mark First bullion strikes featuring His Majesty King Charles III, sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. Encapsulated in a premium card. A Privy mark of Fireworks can be seen on the coin.
First Strikes: Year of the Dragon Privy mark First bullion strikes featuring His Majesty King Charles III, sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. Encapsulated in a premium card. A privy mark of a dragon can be seen on the coin.
2025 Treasured Silver Maple Leaf: Polar Bears Privy Mark Bullion with radial lines finish. Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. Encapsulated in a premium card. Features a special privy mark featuring two polar bears.
Treasured Silver Maple Leaf: Congratulations! Privy Mark Bullion with radial lines finish. Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. Encapsulated in a premium card. Features a special fireworks privy mark.
Treasured Silver Maple Leaf: Year of the Snake Privy Mark Bullion with radial lines finish. Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint. Encapsulated in a premium card. Features a special snake privy.

Zodiac series (1998–2009)

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Year Privy Mark Artist Mintage Special Notes
1998 Year of the Tiger[12] Walter Ott, RCM Engravers 25,000 1st coin in Chinese zodiac series
1999 Year of the Rabbit[12] 2nd coin in Chinese zodiac series
2000 Year of the Dragon[12] 3rd coin in Chinese zodiac series
2001 Year of the Snake[12] 4th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2002 Year of the Horse[12] 5th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2003 Year of the Sheep [12] 6th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2004 Year of the Monkey[12] 7th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2005 Year of the Rooster[12] 15,000 8th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2006 Year of the Dog 10,000 9th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2007 Year of the Pig 8,000 10th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2008 Year of the Rat N/A 11th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2009 Year of the Ox 12th coin in Chinese zodiac series

Zodiac series (2012–)

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Year Privy Mark Artist Mintage Special Notes
2012 Year of the Dragon N/A 25,000 released by 'APMEX.com'
2013 Year of the Snake 85,000 made for Dillon Gage.
2014 Year of the Horse Reverse proof. Made for Dillon Gage.
2014 Year of the Horse Chinese Lunar Double Privy RCM engravers 500 made for The People's Bank of China and China Construction Bank of Shanghai
2015 Year of the Goat N/A N/A Reverse Proof
2016 Year of the Monkey
2017 Year of the Rooster Aries Cheung Reverse Proof; Distributed by Bullion Exchanges, LLC
2018 Year of the Dog Reverse Proof; Royal Canadian Mint
2019 Year of the Pig[13]
2020 Year of the Rat[14]
2021 Year of the Ox[15]
2022 Year of the Tiger
2023 Year of the Rabbit N/A

Fabulous series

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Year Privy Mark Artist Mintage Special Notes
2006 F12 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers N/A First issue of the Fabulous series began as Fabulous 12 in 2006 - there was no privy mark on the coin
2007 F12 Silver Maple Leaf 5,000 First issue of the Fabulous series with privy mark 'f12', specimen finished
2008 Fabulous 12
2009
2010 F15 Silver Maple Leaf Series switched to Fabulous 15 in 2010, privy mark 'f15'
2011 Fabulous 15
2012 10,000
2013 Fabulous 15, bullion finished instead of specimen as before
2014 Fabulous 15, bullion finished
2015 Fabulous 15, obverse and reverse with radial lines like from common coin issued 2014
2016 N/A Fabulous 15, obverse and reverse with radial security lines, but still without maple leaf security privy mark

Sets

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Year Description Artist Mintage Comment
2003 Hologram set Dora de Pedery-Hunt 30,000 5-Coin Set - 1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz
2004 Privy Mark Set RCM Staff 25,000 5-Coin Set – 1 oz, 1⁄2 oz, 1⁄4 oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz. Each coin is privy marked with the RCM logo
Zodiac Set 5,000 12-coin set – each coin in the set carries one of the twelve signs of the Zodiac. Commissioned by Universal Coins from Ottawa, Canada
2004-2005 LEGACY of LIBERTY 4,200 4-coin set – first poppy quarter colorized (2004) with 3 coins of 1 oz silver 9999: VE DAY (2005), VJ DAY (2005) and D-DAY (2004)
2010 Olympic Maple Leaf Set N/A 4,000 3-Coin Set (2008, 2009, 2010) – 3x 1 oz., comes in the standard wooden box. Every coin partly gold plated on the reverse.
2013 Fine Silver Maple Leaf - 25th Anniversary Fractional Set Arnold Nogy 9,999 5-Coin Set – 1 oz, 1⁄2 oz, 1⁄4 oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz.
2014 Fine Silver Fractional Set - Maple Leaf
2015 Fine Silver Incuse Fractional Set - Maple Leaf Lilyane Coulombe
2016 Fine Silver 5-Coin Fractional Set – A Historic Reign Donna Kriekle 7,500
2017 fine[16] silver 4-coin fractional set – maple leaf tribute Stan Witten senior engraver at RCM 5,500 4-coin set: 1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, 1/10 oz.
2024 Treasured Maple Leaf: Effigies 3-Coin Set (Premium Bullion) Walter Ott (reverse), 2022 - Susanna Blunt (obverse), 2023 - Susanna Blunt (obverse), 2024 - Steven Rosati (obverse) 3-coin set, 1 oz each. This set shows the transition of effigies on their obverses—from the last year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign (2022) to a time of transition (2023), and the introduction of the new effigy of His Majesty King Charles III (2024).

Encapsulated in a presentation folder.

2025 99.99% Pure Silver Fractional Set - Celebrate the 60th anniversary of Canada's flag. 5-coin set. Marie-Élaine Cusson (reverse), Arnold Machin (obverse) 3,500 5 coin set - 1 oz, 1⁄2 oz, 1⁄4 oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz.

1 oz. coin is enhanced with enamel-like paint and Micro-text "CANADA" privy mark. Reverse Proof finish. Packaged in a Black clamshell with black beauty box.

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Fine silver fractional four-coin sets

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Year Description Artist Mintage Description
2004 Arctic Fox Claude D'Angelo 13,694 4 Coin Set – 1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, 1/10 oz - different reverse picture on every coin
2005 Lynx Michael Dumas 15,000
2015 Bald Eagle Derek C.Wicks 7,500 4 Coin Set—1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, 1/10 oz - the same reverse picture on every coin
2016 The Wolf Pierre Leduc 7,500

Canadian Wildlife Series

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Year Description Artist Mintage Description
2011 Silver Timber Wolf William Woodruff 1,000,000 1 oz coin. The RCM did not issue any proof versions for this series
Silver Grizzly 1 oz coin
2012 Silver Cougar
Silver Moose
2013 Silver Pronghorn Antelope Emily S. Damstra
Silver Wood Bison

Birds of Prey Series

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Year Description Artist Mintage Description
2014 Silver Peregrine Falcon (proof) Emily S. Damstra 20,000 1 oz coin. Proof frosted version sold directly from the RCM
Silver Peregrine Falcon (bullion) 1,000,000 1 oz coin. Regular Legal Tender bullion version
Silver Bald Eagle (proof) 7,500 1 oz coin. Proof frosted version sold directly from the RCM
Silver Bald Eagle (bullion) 1,000,000 1 oz coin. Regular Legal Tender bullion version
2015 Silver Red-Tailed Hawk (bullion)
Silver Great Horned Owl (bullion)

Predator Series

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Year Description Artist Mintage Description
2016 Silver Cougar Emily S. Damstra 1,000,000 1 oz coin. Regular Legal Tender bullion version
2017 Silver Lynx 500,000
2018 Silver Wolf 300,000
2019 Silver Grizzly 500,000

Canadian Arctic Series 1½ oz

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Year Description Artist Mintage Description
2013 Silver Polar Bear (proof) Germaine Arnaktauyok 17,500 Proof version sold directly from the RCM. 11⁄2 oz coin
Silver Polar Bear (bullion) 500,000 11⁄2 oz coin. Regular bullion version
2014 Silver Arctic Fox (proof) Maurice Gervais 7,500 The proof version of this coin is 1 oz and not 11⁄2 oz
Silver Arctic Fox (bullion) 500,000 11⁄2 oz coin. Regular bullion version
2015 Silver Polar Bear and Cub (proof) Susanna Blunt 7,500 The proof version of this coin is 1 oz and not 11⁄2 oz
Silver Polar Bear and Cub (bullion) 500,000 11⁄2 oz coin. Regular bullion version

Other Silver Maple Leaf coins

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Year Description Artist (reverse, obverse) Mintage Description
2004 Sambro Island Lighthouse Hedly Doty and William Woodruff 18,476 1 oz coin in box, face value $20
2005 Toronto Island Lighthouse Brian Hughes and William Woodruff 13,812
2006 Silver Timber Wolf William Woodruff 106,800 1⁄2 oz coin
2010 Silver Piedfort Royal Canadian Mint Engravers, Susanna Blunt 9,000 1 oz coin in box - first ever pure silver piedfort coin featuring Maple Leaf design
2011 Maple Leaf Forever Debbie Adams, Susanna Blunt 999 1-kilogram coin, $250, proof, in a maple wooden box
2014 Bullion Replica RCM engravers, Susanna Blunt 20,000 Premium version of the popular Silver Maple Leaf bullion design, no privy mark, 1 oz coin in box
High Relief Maple Leaves Luc Normandin, Susanna Blunt 2,500 5-ounce coin, $50, matte proof, in red lacquer-box
2015 Lustrous Maple Leaves Michelle Grant, Susanna Blunt 1,500 5-ounce coin, $50, proof, first-ever 5 oz. silver coin to feature a hologram, in red lacquer-box
2016 Superman Silver Bullion Coin N/A 1,000,000 Version of the popular Silver Maple Leaf bullion design, with security privy mark - tiny maple leaf with 16 in the centre. 1 oz legal tender coin with radial lines on both sides. Instead of Maple Leaf on the reverse there's Superman's signature - "S-Shield".
2017 Canada 150 - Canadian Icons Tami Mayrand, Susanna Blunt 1,500 5-ounce coin, $50, proof, a collage of red-coloured icons form a maple leaf (with official Canada 150 privy mark)
Magnificent Maple Leaves Celia Godkin, Susanna Blunt N/A 10-ounce coin, $50, encapsulated bullion coin
Maple Leaf Quartet 7,500 4 square coins, 4 x $3, reverse proof, all 4 coins together display a big maple leaf
Canada 150 - Iconic Maple Leaf RCM engravers, Susanna Blunt 6,000 2-ounce coin, $10, modified matte proof (w. laser-engraved pattern)
2018 Incuse Maple Leaf 250,000 (?) 1-ounce coin, $5
2020 Kraken Unlimited, unknown at this time Creatures of the North

Hologram Silver Maple Leaf

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Year Theme Artist Mintage Special Notes
2001 Maple of Good Fortune [17] N/A 29,817 First coin in Chinese hologram series
2002 15th Anniversary of the One Dollar Loon Royal Canadian Mint Staff 29,970 $5 Loon
2003 15th Anniversary of the Silver Maple Leaf RCM Staff 28,947 5 Coin Set – 1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz
Maple of Good Fortune [17] N/A 29,731 Second coin in Chinese hologram series
2005 Maple of Hope [17] Toan Nguyen 19,888 Third coin in Chinese hologram series
2007 Blessings of Long Life Jianping Yuan 15,000 Not 1 oz, but is still pure silver
2009 Maple of Wisdom Simon example 14,888 Sterling silver; the coin is not a true Silver Maple Leaf
2010 Maple of Strength 8,888
2011 Maple of Happiness Return to 1 oz pure silver; it is a true Silver Maple Leaf
2012 Maple of Good Fortune Three Degrees Creative Group 1 oz pure silver. A true Silver Maple Leaf
2013 Maple of Peace Simon example
2014 Maple of Longevity 1 oz pure silver. Sixth coin in the renowned series. Face value: $15.
2015 Maple of Prosperity Albert Ng 1 oz pure silver. Seventh coin in the renowned series. Face value: $15.

Olympic Maple Leaf

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Year Theme Mintage
2008 Inukshuk 937,839
2009 Thunderbird 569,048
2010 Ice Hockey 79,278
Ice Hockey, gold plated in box 10,000
Set of 3 coins, partly gold plated in box 4,000

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The face value for coins in sets varies by their weight.
  2. ^ New security features were introduced in 2014

References

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  1. ^ a b "Silver Maple Leaf Coin | The Royal Canadian Mint". www.mint.ca.
  2. ^ "2014 Silver Maple Leaf Bullion Coins, New Security and Finish". CoinNews.net. 2013-12-06. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  3. ^ "Royal Canadian Mint develops 'milk spot' fix". Retrieved 2021-03-28.
  4. ^ Canadian Coin News Volume 47, number 12, pagina 1. 20 September–12 October 2009.
  5. ^ a b c David L. Ganz (2011). The Essential Guide to Investing in Precious Metals, page 115. Krause Publications. ISBN 9781440223693. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  6. ^ Royal Canadian Mint (2011). "2010 Annual Report, page 84" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-09-25. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  7. ^ Royal Canadian Mint (2012). "2011 Annual Report, page 111" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-09-25. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  8. ^ Royal Canadian Mint (2013). "2012 Annual Report, page 105" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  9. ^ Royal Canadian Mint (2014). "2013 Annual Report, page 94" (PDF). Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  10. ^ "2014 Annual Report, page 30" (PDF). Royal Canadian Mint. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  11. ^ Charlton Standard of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition, p.434, W.K. Cross, ISBN 0-88968-297-6
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition, p. 451, W.K. Cross, ISBN 0-88968-297-6
  13. ^ "2019 Canadian $15 Year of the Pig 1 oz Fine Silver Coin".
  14. ^ "2020 Canadian $15 Year of the Rat - 1 oz Fine Silver Coin".
  15. ^ "2021 Canadian $15 Year of the Ox - 1 oz Fine Silver Coin".
  16. ^ MRC
  17. ^ a b c Charlton Standard of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition, p.455, W.K. Cross, ISBN 0-88968-297-6
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