Carcharhinus is the type genus of the family Carcharhinidae, the requiem sharks. One of 12 genera in its family, it contains over half of the species therein. It contains 35 extant and eight extinct species to date, with likely more species yet to be described.[3]
| Carcharhinus Temporal range: Lutetian-recent
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|---|---|
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| Grey reef shark (C. amblyrhynchos) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Order: | Carcharhiniformes |
| Family: | Carcharhinidae |
| Genus: | Carcharhinus Blainville 1816 |
| Type species | |
| Carcharias elegans | |
| Synonyms | |
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Species
editExtant
edit| Genus Carcharhinus Blainville 1816 - 35 extant species | |||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Geographic range | Conservation status IUCN Red List |
Length | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blacknose shark | Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey, 1860) |
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Endangered | 1.3 m (4.3 ft) | 
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| Silvertip shark | Carcharhinus albimarginatus (Rüppell, 1837) |
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Vulnerable | 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft) |
|
| Bignose shark | Carcharhinus altimus (S. Springer, 1950) |
|
Near threatened | 2.7–2.8 m (8.9–9.2 ft) possibly 3 m (9.8 ft) |
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| Graceful shark | Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934) |
|
Vulnerable | 1.7 m (5.6 ft) | 
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| Grey reef shark | Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) |
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Endangered | Mostly less than 1.9 m (6.2 ft) maximum 2.6 m (8.5 ft) |
|
| Pigeye shark | Carcharhinus amboinensis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
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Vulnerable | 1.9–2.5 m (6.2–8.2 ft) max. 2.8 m (9.2 ft) |
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| Borneo shark | Carcharhinus borneensis (Bleeker, 1858) |
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Critically endangered | 0.7 m (2.3 ft) | |
| Copper shark | Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870) |
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Vulnerable | 3.3 m (11 ft) | 
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| Spinner shark | Carcharhinus brevipinna (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
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Vulnerable | 2 m (6.6 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft) |
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| Nervous shark | Carcharhinus cautus (Whitley, 1945) |
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Least concern | 1.0–1.3 m (3.3–4.3 ft) possibly 1.5 m (4.9 ft) |
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| Pacific smalltail shark | Carcharhinus cerdale (C. H. Gilbert, 1898) |
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Critically endangered | 1.4 m (4.6 ft) | 
|
| Australian blackspot shark | Carcharhinus coatesi (Whitley, 1939) |
Least concern | 0.8 m (2.6 ft) | 
| |
| Whitecheek shark | Carcharhinus dussumieri (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
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Endangered | 1 m (3.3 ft) | 
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| Silky shark | Carcharhinus falciformis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
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Vulnerable | 2.5 m (8.2 ft) maximum 3.3 m (11 ft) |
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|
| Creek whaler | Carcharhinus fitzroyensis (Whitley, 1943) |
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Least concern | 1.0–1.3 m (3.3–4.3 ft) possibly 1.5 m (4.9 ft) |
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| Galapagos shark | Carcharhinus galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905) |
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Least concern | 3 m (9.8 ft) maximum 3.3 m (11 ft) |
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| Pondicherry shark | Carcharhinus hemiodon (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
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Critically endangered | 1 m (3.3 ft) | 
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| Human's whaler shark | Carcharhinus humani (W. T. White & Weigmann, 2014) |
Data deficient | 0.8 m (2.6 ft) | ||
| Finetooth shark | Carcharhinus isodon (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
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Near threatened | 1.6–1.7 m (5.2–5.6 ft) maximum 1.9 m (6.2 ft) |
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| Smoothtooth blacktip shark | Carcharhinus leiodon (Garrick, 1985) |
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Endangered | 1.2 m (3.9 ft) | 
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| Bull shark | Carcharhinus leucas (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
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Vulnerable | 2.3–2.4 m (7.5–7.9 ft) maximum 3.6–4.0 m (11.8–13.1 ft) |
.png)
|
| Blacktip shark | Carcharhinus limbatus (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
|
Vulnerable | 1.5 m (4.9 ft) maximum 2.6 m (8.5 ft) |
.png)
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| Oceanic whitetip shark | Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861) |
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Critically endangered | 3 m (9.8 ft) | .png)
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| Hardnose shark | Carcharhinus macloti (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
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Near threatened | 1.1 m (3.6 ft) | 
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| Blacktip reef shark | TCarcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) |
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Vulnerable | 1.6 m (5.2 ft) maximum 1.8 m (5.9 ft) |
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| Dusky shark | Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818) |
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Endangered | 3.2 m (10 ft) maximum 4.0 m (13.1 ft) |
.png){kind=small}
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| Lost shark[4] | Carcharhinus obsolerus (White, Kyne, & Harris, 2019) |
Critically endangered (possibly extinct) | 0.37–0.43 m (15–17 in) (juvenile length only) |
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| Caribbean reef shark | Carcharhinus perezi (Poey, 1876) |
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Endangered | 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) maximum 3 m (9.8 ft) |
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| Sandbar shark | Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) |
|
Endangered | 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) | .png)
|
| Smalltail shark | Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839) |
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Critically endangered | 0.9–1.1 m (3.0–3.6 ft) maximum 1.5 m (4.9 ft) |
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| Blackspot shark | Carcharhinus sealei (Pietschmann, 1913) |
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Vulnerable | 1 m (3.3 ft) | 
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| Night shark | Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868) |
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Endangered | 2 m (6.6 ft) maximum 2.8 m (9.2 ft) |
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| Spot-tail shark | Carcharhinus sorrah (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) |
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Near threatened | 1.6 m (5.2 ft) | 
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| Australian blacktip shark | Carcharhinus tilstoni (Whitley, 1950) |
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Least concern | 1.5–1.8 m (4.9–5.9 ft) maximum 2 m (6.6 ft) |
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| Indonesian whaler shark | Carcharhinus tjutjot (Bleeker, 1852) |
Vulnerable | 0.9 m (3.0 ft) | 
|
Fossil
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See also
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References
edit- ^ Carrier, J.C.; J.A. Musick & M.R. Heithaus (2004). Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-8493-1514-X.
- ^ a b Cicimurri & Knight, 2009
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Carcharhinus". FishBase. February 2011 version.
- ^ Harris et al., 2019
- ^ a b Carcharhinus egertoni at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b c De Aráujo Távora et al., 2010
- ^ a b Carcharhinus priscus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Carrillo Briceño et al., 2015
- ^ Aguilera & De Aguilera, 2001
- ^ C. ackermani at Fossilworks.org
- ^ C. gibbesi at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b Adnet et al., 2007
- ^ C. balochenisis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ C. perseus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ C. nigeriensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Halstead & Middleton, 1974
Bibliography
edit- Adnet, S.; Antoine, P.-O.; Hassan Baqri, S.R.; Crochet, J.; Marivaux, L.; Welcomme, J.; Métais, G. (2007). "New tropical carcharhinids (chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene–early Oligocene of Balochistan, Pakistan: Paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic implications". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 30: 303–323. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
- Aguilera, Ó; De Aguilera, D. (2001). "An exceptional coastal upwelling fish assemblage in the Caribbean Neogene". Journal of Paleontology. 75: 732–742. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
- De Araújo Távora, Vladimir; Rodrigues dos Santos, André Augusto; Neto Araújo, Raphael (2010). "Localidades fossilíferas da Formação Pirabas (Mioceno Inferior)" (PDF). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. 5: 207–224. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
- Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Maxwell, Erin; Aguilera, Órangel A.; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2015). "Sawfishes and Other Elasmobranch Assemblages from the Mio-Pliocene of the South Caribbean (Urumaco Sequence, Northwestern Venezuela)". PLoS ONE. 10 (10): e0139230. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
- Cicimurri, D.J.; Knight, J.L. (2009). "Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54: 627–647. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
- Halstead, L.B.; Middleton, J.A. (1974). "New material of the archaeocete whale Pappocetus lugardi Andrews, from the middle Eocene of Nigeria". Journal of Mining and Geology. 8: 81–85.
- Harris, Mark; Kyne, Peter M.; White, William T. (2019). "Lost before found: A new species of whaler shark Carcharhinus obsolerus from the Western Central Pacific known only from historic records". PLoS ONE. 14 (1): e0209387. Retrieved 2019-03-05.