Cartosat-2 was an Earth observation satellite in a Sun-synchronous orbit and the second of the Cartosat series of satellites. The satellite was built, launched and maintained by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Weighing around 680 kg at launch, its applications were mainly be towards cartography . It was launched by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV C7 launch vehicle on 10 January 2007.
| Names | IRS-P7 CartoSat-2AT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mission type | Earth observation | ||||
| Operator | ISRO | ||||
| COSPAR ID | 2007-001B | ||||
| SATCAT no. | 29710 | ||||
| Website | https://www.isro.gov.in/ | ||||
| Mission duration | 5 years (planned) 12 years (achieved) | ||||
| Spacecraft properties | |||||
| Spacecraft | IRS-P7 | ||||
| Bus | IRS-2 [1] | ||||
| Manufacturer | Indian Space Research Organisation | ||||
| Launch mass | 680 kg (1,500 lb) [2] | ||||
| Power | 900 watts[3][4] | ||||
| Start of mission | |||||
| Launch date | 10 January 2007, 03:57:00 UTC[5] | ||||
| Rocket | Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV C7) [2] | ||||
| Launch site | Satish Dhawan Space Centre, FLP[2] | ||||
| Contractor | Indian Space Research Organisation | ||||
| Entered service | 2007 | ||||
| End of mission | |||||
| Deactivated | 2019 | ||||
| Decay date | 14 Feb 2024 | ||||
| Orbital parameters | |||||
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit | ||||
| Regime | Sun-synchronous orbit[5] | ||||
| Perigee altitude | 621 km (386 mi) | ||||
| Apogee altitude | 641 km (398 mi) | ||||
| Inclination | 97.9° | ||||
| Period | 97.3 minutes | ||||
| |||||
Satellite description
editCartosat-2 carried a state-of-the-art panchromatic (PAN) camera that took black and white pictures of the Earth in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The swath covered by this high resolution PAN camera was 9.6 km and their spatial resolution is less than 1 metre. The satellite could be steered up to 45° along as well as across the track. Cartosat-2 was an advanced remote sensing satellite capable of providing scene-specific spot imagery. The data from the satellite was used for detailed mapping and other cartographic applications at cadastral level, urban and rural infrastructure development and management, as well as applications in Land information system (LIS) and Geographic information system (GIS). The first imagery, received on 12 January 2007, covered a length of 240 km from Paonta Sahib in Shivalik region to Delhi. Another set of imagery of about 50 km length covered Radhanagari to Sagoan in Goa. Analysis of the first imagery received at National Remote Sensing Agency's data reception station at Shadnagar, in Hyderabad, confirmed excellent performance of the on-board camera.
Cartosat-2's panchromatic camera was able to produce images better than 1 metre in resolution,[6] compared to the 82 cm panchromatic resolution offered by the Ikonos satellite.[7] India had previously purchased images from Ikonos at about US$20 per square kilometre; the use of Cartosat-2 will provide imagery at 20 times lower cost. At the time of Cartosat-2's launch, India was buying about ₹20 crore per year from Ikonos.[8]
End of life
editAfter 12 years of service in a circular orbit of almost 630 km altitude Cartosat-2 would have taken about 30 years to de-orbit naturally. With 25 kg of propellant remaining it was decided by ISRO's Directorate for Space Situational Awareness and Management (DSSAM) to decommission the spacecraft and lower the perigee using left-over propellant so that it meets United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)'s space debris mitigation guidelines. Between 6 March to 3 September 2020, perigee was lowered incrementally by performing 26 perigee reduction burns putting the spacecraft in 630 × 390 km orbit. This was ISRO's first low Earth orbit satellite to be decommissioned in this manner. Orbit of Cartosat-2 is expected to decay naturally within 10 years.[9][10]
The satellite re-entered Earth's atmosphere and was subsequently destroyed on 14 February 2024 at 10:18 UTC over the southern Indian Ocean.[11][12]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Cartosat 2, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
- ^ a b c "PSLV C7/Cartosat-2/SRE Mission Brochure" (PDF). ISRO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
- ^ "Cartosat-2". ISRO. 10 January 2007. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
- ^ "Satellite: CartoSat-2". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
- ^ a b "Trajectory: Cartosat-2 2007-001B". NASA. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Cartosat-2: Optical Satellite". pasco.co.jp. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
- ^ "Instrument: OSA". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
- ^ Venkat, Archana (11 January 2007). "PSLV launch successful". The Hindu. Business Line. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
- ^ "Post Mission Disposal of Cartosat-2: Compliance with IADC Guidelines". space-debris-conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
After providing uninterrupted payload services for 12 years, it was decided to decommission the satellite in late 2019 following on-board subsystem degradation. At an orbit of 630 km altitude, the lifetime of Cartosat-2 was estimated to be more than 30 years. The satellite also had about 26 kg left-over propellant. Although the satellite was not specifically designed for end-of-life de-orbiting, it was proposed by ISRO's Directorate for Space Situational Awareness and Management (DSSAM) to lower the perigee of the satellite, so as to limit its post mission orbital life time in compliance with the 25-year guideline of IADC for post mission disposal of LEO objects, and at the same time, deplete the left-over fuel to mitigate any accidental break-up risk. The de-orbiting operations were planned and executed by the operational team at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in close coordination with mission and subsystem designers from various ISRO centres. Starting with the first perigee-lowering manoeuvre on 6 March 2020, 26 perigee reduction burns were conducted till 3 September 2020 to progressively lower the perigee below 400 km.
- ^ "Post Mission Disposal of Cartosat-2: Compliance with IADC Guidelines" (PDF). April 2021.
- ^ "Atmospheric Re-entry of Cartosat-2". ISRO. 16 February 2024.
- ^ "Orbital height profile of CARTOSAT 2". heavens-above.com. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
External links
edit- Cartosat-2 website Archived 30 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine