Chatham is a geographic parish in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada.[4]
Chatham | |
|---|---|
 Location within Northumberland County, New Brunswick | |
| Coordinates: 47°02′42″N 65°22′12″W / 47.045°N 65.37°W | |
| Country |  Canada |
| Province |  New Brunswick |
| County | Northumberland |
| Erected | 1814 |
| Area | |
| • Land | 22.70 km2 (8.76 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
• Total | 527 |
| • Density | 23.2/km2 (60/sq mi) |
| • Change 2016-2021 |  3.1% |
| • Dwellings | 269 |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-3 (ADT) |
| Figures do not include portion within the city of Miramichi | |
For governance purposes it is divided between the city of Miramichi[5] and the Greater Miramichi rural district,[6] both of which are members of the Greater Miramichi Regional Service Commission.[7]
Prior to the 2023 governance reform, all of the parish outside the city formed the local service district of the parish of Chatham.[8]
Origin of name
editThe parish was named in honour of the Earl of Chatham, a title held at the time by General John Pitt, or for his father, former British Prime Minister Pitt the Elder.[9]
The Provincial Archives of New Brunswick gives British Prime Minister Pitt the Younger as the inspiration of the name, but erroneously gives him the title of Earl of Chatham, which he never held.[10] He died in office in 1806.
Six of the nine Northumberland County parishes erected simultaneously in 1814[11] were named for military figures of the Napoleonic Wars or British politicians associated with the military.
The strongest case for the parish's eponym might be General Pitt, who was Master-General of the Ordnance for most of the Napoleonic Wars and closely involved with planning Britain's coastal defenses. General Pitt was influential enough to be offered the Portugal command that later went to Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.
History
editChatham was erected in 1814 from Newcastle Parish[11] but did not include the modern Douglasfield and Chatham Head areas, which were in neighbouring Nelson Parish until 1850.[12]
Boundaries
editChatham Parish is bounded:[2][13][14]
- on the northwest and north by the Miramichi River;
- on the east by Napan Bay;
- on the south by a line beginning at the mouth of Napan River and running upstream to the westernmost corner of a grant to Henry Coils in Glenelg Parish, about 300 metres east of the junction of Searle Road and North Napan Road and about 400 metres north of the junction of Hannah Hill Road and Weldfield Collette Road, then running south 68º west[a] to a point about 375 metres east of Sutton Road and about 75 metres north of Carding Mill Brook;
- on the southwest, beginning north of Carding Mill Brook, then running northwesterly along the prolongation of the southwestern line of a grant to William Brown Sr. and the grant itself to a cove northeasterly of the junction of Rasche Street and St. Patrick's Drive, then into the Miramichi River;
- including Middle Island in the Miramichi.
Evolution of boundaries
editIn 1814 the western line was about 300 metres west of Harper Road, along the western line of a grant to William McCallum and its prolongation inland.[11] The southern boundary ran eight miles up the River from its mouth, "or until it intersects the before mentioned line [...] forming the rear of the said Parishes of Wellington and Carleton".[b] If the line continues along the Northwest Branch rather than the main body of the river then eight miles from the mouth of the Napan is roughly where the prolongation of the McCallum grant strikes the Napan.
In 1850 the parish was extended west to its modern boundary and the southern boundary was altered slightly, establishing the modern boundaries.[12] Several pieces of territory on either side of the river were exchanged with Glenelg.
Communities
editCommunities at least partly within the parish.[13][14][17] bold indicates an incorporated municipality
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Bodies of water
editBodies of water[c] at least partly within the parish.[13][14][17]
- Miramichi River
- Napan River
- Chatham Lake
- Chatham Reservoir
- Napan Bay
Islands
editOther notable places
editParks, historic sites, and other noteworthy places at least partly within the parish.[13][14][17]
Demographics
editParish population total does not include portion within 2021 boundaries of Miramichi. Revised census figures based on the 2023 local governance reforms have not been released.
PopulationeditPopulation trend[18][19][20][21]
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LanguageeditMother tongue (2016)[21]
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See also
editNotes
edit- ^ By the magnet of 1850,[12] when declination in the area was between 20º and 21º west of north.[15] The Territorial Division Act clause referring to magnetic direction bearings was omitted in the 1952[16] and 1973 Revised Statutes.[2]
- ^ Uses of long s in the text have been modernised for readability.
- ^ Not including brooks, ponds or coves.
References
edit- ^ a b "Census Profile". Statistics Canada. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ a b c "Chapter T-3 Territorial Division Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ "Chapter I-13 Interpretation Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ The Territorial Division Act[2] divides the province into 152 parishes, the cities of Saint John and Fredericton, and one town of Grand Falls. The Interpretation Act[3] clarifies that parishes include any local government within their borders.
- ^ "Greater Miramichi Regional Service Commission: RSC 5". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ "Greater Miramichi Regional Service Commission: RD 5". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ "Regions Regulation – Regional Service Delivery Act". Government of New Brunswick. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ "Local Service Districts Regulation - Municipalities Act". Government of New Brunswick. 25 June 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ Ganong, William F. (1896). A Monograph of the Place-Nomenclature of the Province of New Brunswick. Royal Society of Canada. p. 226. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ "Chatham Parish". Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
- ^ a b c "54 Geo. III c. 17 An Act in further addition to an Act, intituled 'An Act for the better ascertaining and confirming the boundaries of the several Counties, within this Province, and for subdividing them into Towns or Parishes.'". Acts of the General Assembly of His Majesty's Province of New-Brunswick; Passed in the Year 1814. Saint John, New Brunswick: Government of New Brunswick. 1814. pp. 16–18. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ^ a b c "13 Vic. c. 51 An Act to consolidate all the Laws now in force for the division of the Province into Counties, Towns and Parishes.". Acts of the General Assembly of Her Mjaesty's Province of New Brunswick, Passed in the Year 1850. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1850. pp. 142–152, 145–149. Retrieved 20 March 2021. Book was poorly proofread, resulting in title typo and reuse of page numbers 145–152.
- ^ a b c d e "No. 60". Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development. Retrieved 18 June 2021. Remainder of parish on maps 61, 69, and 70 at same site.
- ^ a b c d e "189" (PDF). Transportation and Infrastructure. Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 18 June 2021. Remainder of parish on mapbooks 190 and 204 at same site.
- ^ "Historical Magnetic Declination". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ "Chapter 227 Territorial Division Act". The Revised Statutes of New Brunswick 1952 Volume III. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1952. pp. 3725–3771.
- ^ a b c d "Search the Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB)". Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ^ Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006 census
- ^ 2006 Statistics Canada Community Profile: Chatham Parish, New Brunswick
- ^ 2011 Statistics Canada Census Profile: Chatham Parish, New Brunswick
- ^ a b "Census Profile, 2016 Census Chatham, Parish [Census subdivision], New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
