Church of St. Johns, Vilnius

Church of St. Johns
Church of St. Johns
Church of St. Johns, St. John the Baptist and St. John the Apostle and Evangelist
Lithuanian: Šv. Jono Krikštytojo ir Šv. Jono apaštalo ir evangelisto bažnyčia; Šv. Jonų Bažnyčia
	Main façade at Vilnius University Great Courtyard
	Click on the map for a fullscreen view
	54°40′57″N 25°17′18″E / 54.68250°N 25.28833°E
Location	Vilnius
Country	Lithuania
Denomination	Catholic
Tradition	Latin Church
Religious order	Society of Jesus
Website	www.jonai.lt
History
Founder(s)	Grand Duke Jogaila
Dedication	John the Baptist and John the Apostle
Consecrated	1427
Architecture
Functional status	Active
Architect(s)	Johann Christoph Glaubitz
Architectural type	Church
Style	Baroque, Gothic, Renaissance
Years built	Original: 1388–1426; Current: 1738-1748
Specifications
Materials	plastered masonry
Administration
Archdiocese	Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vilnius
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	Vilnius Old Town
Type	Cultural
Criteria	Cultural: (ii), (iv)
Designated	1994
Reference no.	541
UNESCO region	Europe

The Church of St. Johns, St. John the Baptist and St. John the Apostle and Evangelist (Lithuanian: Vilniaus Šv. Jono Krikštytojo ir Šv. Jono apaštalo ir evangelisto bažnyčia, Šv. Jonų Bažnyčia) is located at the Old Town of Vilnius, Lithuania and dominates the university (Vilnius University) ensemble. Since the times of the Jesuit Academy professors and students used to pray here, and Vilnius theologians gave sermons. It was a place for performances and disputes, where theses were defended and kings greeted.

History

The church was built in 1388–1426, reconstructed in the 16th and 17th centuries. The tower, separate from the church itself, was built in the 16th century. After the fire in 1737, from 1738 to 1748, architect Johann Christoph Glaubitz completely reconstructed the church in style of late Baroque. During the 1827-28 reconstruction, architect Karol Podczaszyński destroyed the bulk of the sumptuous Baroque interior - nearly 3000 carts with splinters of altars, sculptures and stucco works were taken to a dump; chapels suffered the least. In the Soviet times the church was closed down and severely damaged. During Hitler's occupation, the Reverend Alfonsas Lipniūnas, who was later imprisoned by the Nazis in the Stutthof camp and perished, delivered rebellious sermons in the church. In 1979 a university museum was founded there. In 1991 the church was returned to its parishioners. On his visit to Lithuania in 1993, Pope John Paul II held a meeting with intellectuals here.^[2] The church is dedicated to both St John the Baptist and St John the Evangelist.

Architecture

The layout of the Church of St. Johns still reflects its original Gothic structure. It is a 28-by-69-metre (92 ft × 226 ft) hall church with three naves and seven asymmetrical chapels. The tower, consisting of 5 gradually decreasing portions, is the tallest building of Vilnius Old Town (69 metres (226 ft)). The central focus of the church interior is a composition of 10 presbytery altars, unique in Lithuania and the Baltic countries (before Podczaszynski's demolition work there were as many as 22 altars in the presbytery and naves). The altars are positioned in a semi-circle, on varying planes and levels, and light illuminates them through the Gothic presbytery windows. They are abundantly decorated with paintings and sculptures. The organ of the Church of St. Johns was the most famous one in Lithuania, but in the Soviet period it was destroyed; it has now been restored. In the central nave at the pillars stand 18 sculptures, 12 of which represent various saints bearing the name of John. All frescoes in the church date from the 18th century and were uncovered and restored in the 1970s. The church contains many memorial monuments: to Konstantinas Sirvydas (sculpt. Juozas Kėdainis, 1979), Adam Mickiewicz (sculpt. Piotr Stryjenski and Marceli Gujski, 1899), Simonas Daukantas (sculpt. Gediminas Jokūbonis, 1979) and others.