Wikipedia

Demographics of Egypt

Egypt is the most populous country in the Middle East, and the fourth-most populous on the African continent, after Nigeria, Ethiopia and Democratic Republic of the Congo.[2][3] About 95%[4] of the country's 104 million people (July 2023)[5] live along the banks of the Nile and in the Nile Delta, which fans out north of Cairo; and along the Suez Canal. These regions are among the world's most densely populated, containing an average of over 1,540 people per km2, as compared to 96 persons per km2 for the country as a whole.

Demographics of Egypt
Population pyramid of Egypt in 2020
Population116,538,210 (2024 est.)
Growth rate1.4% (2023est.)
Birth rate19.4 births/1,000 population (2023)
Death rate5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023)
Life expectancy74.45 years
 • male73.26 years
 • female75.72 years
Fertility rate2.54 children (2023)[1]
Infant mortality rate17.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio
Total1.06 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.06 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityEgyptian
Major ethnic
Minor ethnic
Language
OfficialArabic
2010 population density

Small communities spread throughout the desert regions of Egypt are clustered around historic trade and transportation routes. The government has tried with mixed success to encourage migration to newly irrigated land reclaimed from the desert. However, the proportion of the population living in rural areas has continued to decrease as people move to the megacities in search of employment and a higher standard of living.

According to the Peterson Institute for International Economics and other proponents of demographic structural approach (cliodynamics), the basic problem Egypt has is an unemployment rate driven by a demographic youth bulge: with the number of new people entering the job force at about 4% a year, unemployment in Egypt is almost 10 times as high for college graduates as it is for people who have gone through elementary school, particularly educated urban youth, who comprised most of the people that were seen out in the streets during the Egyptian revolution of 2011. An estimated 51.2% of Egyptians are under the age of 25, with just 4.3% over the age of 65, making it one of the most youthful populations in the world.[6][7]

Population size and distribution

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Egypt has a population of 109,500,000 (2023).[8] According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Egypt from 1990 to 2008 was 23.7 million and 41%.[9]

History

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Main article: Population history of Egypt
 
Historical population growth in Egypt; data from Our World in Data
Historical population over time
YearPop.±% p.a.
14,000,000—    
1000 8,000,000+0.07%
1500 7,300,000−0.02%
1805 4,000,000−0.20%
1882 6,712,000+0.67%
1897 9,669,000+2.46%
1907 11,190,000+1.47%
1917 12,718,000+1.29%
1927 14,178,000+1.09%
1937 15,921,000+1.17%
1947 18,967,000+1.77%
1960 26,085,000+2.48%
1966 30,076,000+2.40%
1976 36,626,000+1.99%
1986 48,254,000+2.80%
1996 59,312,000+2.08%
2006 72,798,000+2.07%
2017 93,287,000+2.28%
Source: Population in Egypt[10]

Age distribution

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Data taken from Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics.[11]

Percentage distribution of population in censuses (1976,1986,1996,2006) by age group

Percentage distribution of population in censuses by age group

Age group 2006 1996 1986 1976
0–4 10.6 11.6 15.3 13.9
5–9 10.5 12.9 13.2 12.8
10–14 10.6 13.3 11.6 13.4
15–19 11.8 11.6 10.6 10.9
20–24 10.8 8.6 8.9 8.4
25–29 8.8 7.4 7.7 7.3
30–34 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.8
35–39 6.4 6.5 6.1 5.6
40–44 5.6 5.3 4.4 5.1
45–49 5.1 4.5 4.0 4.2
50–54 4.2 3.4 3.5 4.0
55–59 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.4
60–64 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.7
65–69 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4
70–74 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2
75+ 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010)

Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010):

Age group Male Female % Total
0–4 4,282 4,072 10.6 8,354
5–9 4,265 4,007 10.5 8,272
10–14 4,330 4,023 10.6 8,353
15–19 4,738 4,501 11.7 9,239
20–24 4,358 4,155 10.8 8,513
25–29 3,412 3,498 8.8 6,910
30–34 2,614 2,503 6.5 5,117
35–39 2,498 2,536 6.4 5,034
40–44 2,237 2,186 5.6 4,423
45–49 2,029 1,942 5.0 3,971
50–54 1,668 1,640 4.2 3,308
55–59 1,312 1,136 3.1 2,448
60–64 971 871 2.3 1 842
65–69 693 597 1.6 1 290
70–74 435 419 1.1 854
75+ 408 392 1.0 800
Total 40,250 38,478 100 78,728
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012)

Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012):

Age group Male Female % Total
0–4 4,780 4,410 11.17 9,190
5–9 4,534 4,192 10.60 8,726
10–14 3,970 3,706 9.33 7,676
15–19 3,970 3,746 9.37 7,710
20–24 4,236 4,024 10.04 8,260
25–29 4,084 3,924 9.73 8,008
30–34 3,346 3,249 8.01 6,595
35–39 2,589 2,524 6.21 5,113
40–44 2,262 2,206 5.43 4,468
45–49 2,077 2,037 5.00 4,114
50–54 1,821 1,798 4.40 3,619
55–59 1,494 1,480 3.61 2,974
60–64 1,105 1,113 2.69 2,218
65–69 767 785 1.89 1,552
70–74 501 517 1.24 1,018
75+ 522 536 1.29 1,058
Total 42,058 40,247 100 82,305
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013)

Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013):

Age group Male Female % Total
0–4 4,861 4,481 11.17 9,342
5–9 4,610 4,259 10.60 8,869
10–14 4,038 3,765 9.33 7,803
15–19 4,038 3,805 9.37 7,843
20–24 4,309 4,089 10.04 8,398
25–29 4,152 3,987 9.73 8,139
30–34 3,403 3,300 8.01 6,703
35–39 2,633 2,564 6.21 5,197
40–44 2,300 2,241 5.43 4,541
45–49 2,113 2,069 5.00 4,182
50–54 1,852 1,827 4.40 3,679
55–59 1,519 1,504 3.61 3,023
60–64 1,124 1,130 2.69 2,254
65–69 781 797 1.89 1,578
70–74 510 525 1.24 1,035
75–79 291 303 0.71 594
80+ 239 242 0.57 481
Total 42,773 40,888 100 83,661
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013)

Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013):

Age group Male Female Total %
0–4 4 910 594 4 538 740 9 449 334 11,17
5–9 4 657 900 4 313 848 8 971 748 10,60
10–14 4 079 894 3 812 951 7 892 845 9,33
15–19 4 079 894 3 853 840 7 933 634 9,37
20–24 4 353 289 4 140 279 8 493 568 10,04
25–29 4 195 561 4 037 843 8 233 404 9,73
30–34 3 438 467 3 342 721 6 781 188 8,01
35–39 2 660 343 2 596 487 5 256 830 6,21
40–44 2 323 857 2 269 370 4 593 227 5,43
45–49 2 134 584 2 095 590 4 230 173 5,00
50–54 1 871 704 1 850 252 3 721 956 4,40
55–59 1 535 218 1 523 136 3 058 354 3,61
60–64 1 135 641 1 144 907 2 280 548 2,69
65–69 788 639 807 569 1 596 208 1,89
70–74 515 244 531 564 1 046 809 1,24
75–79 294 425 306 672 601 097 0,71
80+ 241 849 246 108 487 957 0,58
Total 43 217 105 41 411 877 84 628 982 100
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 13 648 388 12 665 539 26 313 927 31,09
15–64 27 728 560 26 854 425 54 582 985 64,50
65+ 1 840 157 1 891 913 3 732 070 4,41
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014)

Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014) in thousands:

Age group Male Female Total %
0–4 5 102 4 728 9 830 11,3
5–9 4 729 4 398 9 127 10,5
10–14 4 225 3 959 8 184 9,4
15–19 4 312 4 077 8 389 9,7
20–24 4 565 4 365 8 930 10,4
25–29 4 280 4 119 8 399 9,7
30–34 3 413 3 319 6 732 7,8
35–39 2 678 2 604 5 282 6,1
40–44 2 391 2 349 4 740 5,5
45–49 2 194 2 156 4 350 5,0
50–54 1 898 1 877 3 775 4,3
55–59 1 547 1 536 3 083 3,6
60–64 1 130 1 131 2 261 2,6
65–69 789 801 1 590 1,8
70–74 515 535 1 050 1,2
75+ 537 555 1 092 1,3
Total 44 305 42 509 86 814 100
Age group Sex ratio Male Female Total Percent
0–14 107.4 14 056 13 085 27 141 31,26
15–39 104.1 19 248 18 484 37 732 43,46
40–64 101.2 9 160 9 049 18 209 20,97
65+ 97.4 1 841 1 891 3 732 4,30
Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014)

Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014).[12]

Total population in thousands: 114 428 (Males 56 926, Females 57 501)

Age Group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0–4 14,1 12,6 13,4
5–9 12,1 11,1 11,6
10–14 10,7 9,9 10,3
15–19 9,1 9,0 9,1
20–24 7,8 8,6 8,2
25–29 8,2 9,4 8,8
30–34 7,0 7,7 7,3
35–39 5,9 6,2 6,0
40–44 4,8 5,1 4,9
45–49 4,7 4,7 4,7
50–54 4,2 4,5 4,4
55–59 3,4 3,7 3,5
60–64 3,4 3,3 3,4
65–69 2,0 1,9 1,9
70–74 1,4 1,3 1,3
75–79 0,6 0,5 0,5
80+ 0,5 0,6 0,6
Age group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0–14 36,9 33,6 35,3
15–64 58,6 62,1 60,4
65+ 4,5 4,3 4,3

[ Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2015):

Age group Male Female Total %
0–4 5 168 230 4 791 812 9 960 042 11,3
5–9 4 790 338 4 456 493 9 246 831 10,5
10–14 4 279 072 4 013 008 8 292 080 9,4
15–19 4 367 988 4 131 991 8 499 979 9,7
20–24 4 623 621 4 424 043 9 047 664 10,3
25–29 4 334 645 4 175 258 8 509 903 9,7
30–34 3 456 601 3 364 004 6 820 605 7,8
35–39 2 711 932 2 639 282 5 351 214 6,1
40–44 2 422 954 2 379 682 4 802 636 5,5
45–49 2 222 893 2 184 980 4 407 873 5,0
50–54 1 922 803 1 903 745 3 826 548 4,4
55–59 1 567 139 1 557 610 3 124 749 3,6
60–64 1 144 789 1 146 574 2 291 363 2,6
65–69 800 241 811 254 1 611 495 1,8
70–74 522 379 540 837 1 063 216 1,2
75+ 544 608 562 470 1 107 078 1,3
Total 44 880 233 43 083 043 87 963 276 100
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 14 237 640 13 261 313 27 498 953 31,26
15–64 28 775 365 27 907 169 56 682 534 64,44
65+ 1 867 228 1 914 561 3 781 789 4,30

Historical and present population distribution:

Age group 1 January 2015 1 July 2013 1 January 2013 1 July 2012 1 July 2010 2006 1996 1986 1976
0–14 31.26 (27,498,953) 31.09 (26,313,927) 31.1 (26,014,000) 31.1 (25,592,000) 31.7 (24,979,000) 31.7 37.8 40.1 40
15–64 64.44 (56,682,534) 64.50 (54,582,985) 64.49 (53,959,000) 64.48 (53,085,000) 64.6 (50,805,000) 64.6 58.7 56.6 56.4
65+ 4.30 (3,781,789) 4.41 (3,732,070) 4.41 (3,688,000) 4.42 (3,628,000) 3.7 (2,944,000) 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.6

Urban and rural population

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See also: List of cities and towns in Egypt

Figures from CAPMAS:[13]

Year Midyear
population 		Urban population Rural population
in thousands percent in thousands percent
1990 51 911 22 519
43.4%
 29 392
56.6%
1991 52 985 22 908
43.2%
 30 077
56.8%
1992 54 082 23 366
43.2%
 30 716
56.8%
1993 55 201 23 804
43.1%
 31 397
56.9%
1994 56 344 24 276
43.1%
 32 068
56.9%
1995 57 642 24 709
42.9%
 32 933
57.1%
1996 58 835 25 053
42.6%
 33 782
57.4%
1997 60 053 25 578
42.6%
 34 475
57.4%
1998 61 296 26 104
42.6%
 35 192
57.4%
1999 62 565 26 559
42.5%
 36 006
57.5%
2000 63 860 27 132
42.5%
 36 728
57.5%
2001 65 182 28 118
43.1%
 37 064
56.9%
2002 66 628 28 554
42.9%
 38 074
57.1%
2003 67 965 29 130
42.9%
 38 835
57.1%
2004 69 304 29 653
42.8%
 39 651
57.2%
2005 70 653 30 187
42.7%
 40 466
57.3%
2006 72 009 30 585
42.5%
 41 424
57.5%
2007 73 644 31 720
43.1%
 41 924
56.9%
2008 75 194 32 249
42.9%
 42 945
57.1%
2009 76 925 33 083
43.0%
 43 842
57.0%
2010 78 685 33 804
43.0%
 44 881
57.0%
2011 80 530 34 489
42.8%
 46 041
57.2%
2012 82 550 35 373
42.9%
 47 177
57.1%
2013 84 629 36 213
42.8%
 48 416
57.2%
2014 86 814 37 095
42.7%
 49 719
57.3%

Population projections

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The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) had released high/medium/low population projections for 2011–2031 based on Final Results of 2006 Population Census.[13] The 2020 high variant was 92.6 million, the medium – 91.0 million, the low – 90.0 million. The 2030 high variant is 104.4 million, the medium – 101.7 million, the low – 99.8 million. However the information could be misleading as the 2013 population figure of 84.6 million is higher than the projected high of 83 million. In fact, due to an unexpected rise in the fertility rate (from 3.0 to 3.5), the population already surpassed 91 million on 5 June 2016 while reaching 92 million on 30 November, average population age remaining stable despite a rising life expectancy. Furthermore, as of 2022, the population of Egypt reached 111 million, which is a figure even higher than what is projected for 2030.

Vital statistics

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Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[14]

  • One birth every 12 seconds
  • One death every 52 seconds
  • One net migrant every 13 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 17 seconds

Vital statistics:[15][16][17]

Midyear population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Crude migration rate (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1934 15,449,000 651,663 429,851 221,812 42.2 27.8 14.4
1935 15,624,000 645,760 412,197 233,563 41.3 26.4 14.9 -3.7
1936 15,801,000 698,186 455,832 242,354 44.2 28.8 15.3 -4.1
1937 16,009,000 694,086 434,208 259,878 43.4 27.1 16.2 -3.2
1938 16,300,000 704,376 429,248 275,128 43.2 26.3 16.9 1.0
1939 16,598,000 696,746 429,033 267,713 42.0 25.8 16.1 1.9
1940 16,900,000 697,700 444,448 253,252 41.3 26.3 15.0 2.9
1941 17,208,000 695,016 440,981 254,035 40.4 25.6 14.8 3.1
1942 17,522,000 658,324 494,358 163,966 37.6 28.2 9.4 8.5
1943 17,842,000 689,771 492,644 197,127 38.7 27.6 11.0 6.9
1944 18,167,000 722,166 472,234 249,932 39.8 26.0 13.8 4.1
1945 18,498,000 787,502 512,003 275,499 42.6 27.7 14.9 3.0
1946 18,835,000 776,000 484,000 292,000 41.2 25.7 15.5 2.4
1947 19,197,000 834,557 408,577 425,980 43.5 21.3 22.2 -3.3
1948 19,529,000 832,728 397,976 434,752 42.6 20.4 22.3 -5.3
1949 19,989,000 831,310 410,524 420,786 41.6 20.5 21.1 1.9
1950 21,514,000 904,941 388,944 515,997 44.2 19.0 25.2 45.7
1951 22,020,000 934,584 402,158 532,426 44.6 19.2 25.4 -2.4
1952 22,562,000 969,443 380,633 588,810 45.2 17.8 27.5 -3.5
1953 23,138,000 934,830 429,097 505,733 42.6 19.6 23.0 1.9
1954 23,747,000 957,158 401,306 555,852 42.6 17.9 24.7 0.9
1955 24,387,000 926,500 405,663 520,837 40.3 17.6 22.7 3.5
1956 25,057,000 958,880 384,974 573,906 40.7 16.4 24.4 2.3
1957 25,756,000 914,494 429,512 484,982 38.0 17.8 20.1 7.0
1958 26,480,000 1,013,743 409,197 604,546 41.1 16.6 24.5 2.8
1959 27,228,000 1,078,947 411,188 667,759 42.8 16.3 26.5 1.0
1960 27,998,000 1,113,888 437,822 676,066 43.0 16.9 26.1 1.4
1961 28,786,000 1,166,620 420,158 746,462 43.9 15.8 28.1 -0.7
1962 29,591,000 1,125,798 486,699 639,099 41.3 17.9 23.4 3.8
1963 30,410,000 1,196,388 431,673 764,715 42.8 15.4 27.4 -0.5
1964 31,242,000 1,205,785 449,375 756,410 42.1 15.7 26.4 0.2
1965 32,084,000 1,220,658 411,636 809,022 41.5 14.0 27.5 -1.3
1966 32,937,000 1,234,976 477,021 757,955 41.0 15.8 25.1 0.8
1967 33,799,000 1,210,214 440,161 770,053 39.2 14.2 24.9 0.6
1968 34,660,000 1,206,585 509,430 697,155 38.1 16.1 22.0 2.8
1969 35,511,000 1,197,245 468,017 729,228 36.8 14.4 22.4 1.6
1970 36,342,000 1,161,539 500,626 660,913 34.9 15.0 19.8 3.1
1971 37,152,000 1,186,350 445,192 741,158 34.8 13.1 21.8 0
1972 37,945,000 1,187,286 499,628 687,658 34.1 14.3 19.7 1.2
1973 38,734,000 1,259,004 459,816 799,188 35.3 12.9 22.4 -2.0
1974 39,534,000 1,287,614 457,620 829,994 35.4 12.6 22.8 -2.6
1975 40,359,000 1,331,799 456,041 875,758 36.0 12.3 23.7 -3.3
1976 41,213,000 1,378,917 444,228 934,689 36.4 11.7 24.7 -4.0
1977 42,094,000 1,447,402 457,558 989,844 37.3 11.8 25.5 -4.6
1978 43,006,000 1,479,698 415,605 1,064,093 37.2 10.5 26.8 -5.8
1979 43,951,000 1,633,674 444,753 1,188,921 40.0 10.9 29.1 -7.6
1980 44,932,000 1,569,247 421,227 1,148,020 37.3 10.0 27.3 -5.5 5.3
1981 45,946,000 1,593,698 432,264 1,161,434 36.8 10.0 26.8 -4,7
1982 46,991,000 1,601,265 441,621 1,159,644 34.1 9.4 24.7 -2.5
1983 48,072,000 1,666,915 412,700 1,254,215 34.7 8.6 26.1 -3.6
1984 49,190,000 1,797,206 400,600 1,396,606 36.5 8.1 28.4 4.9 -5.7
1985 50,347,000 1,903,022 442,258 1,460,764 37.8 8.8 29.0 -6.0
1986 51,545,000 1,907,975 455,888 1,452,087 37.0 8.8 28.2 -5.0
1987 52,777,000 1,902,604 466,161 1,436,443 36.0 8.8 27.2 -3.9
1988 54,011,000 1,912,765 427,018 1,485,747 35.4 7.9 27.5 -4.7 4.4
1989 55,207,000 1,722,934 414,214 1,308,720 31.2 7.5 23.7 -2.0
1990 51,911,000 1,687,000 393,250 1,293,750 32.5 7.6 24.9 -88.4
1991 52,985,000 1,636,551 391,588 1,244,963 30.9 7.4 23.5 -3.2 4.1
1992 54,082,000 1,496,866 382,465 1,114,401 27.7 7.1 20.6 -0.3
1993 55,201,000 1,600,549 380,000 1,220,549 29.0 6.9 22.1 -1.8
1994 56,344,000 1,610,652 385,296 1,225,356 28.6 6.8 21.7 -1.4
1995 57,642,000 1,604,835 384,548 1,220,287 27.8 6.7 21.2 1.3 3.6
1996 58,835,000 1,662,065 379,983 1,282,082 28.2 6.5 21.8 -1.5
1997 60,053,000 1,654,695 389,301 1,265,394 27.6 6.5 21.1 -0.8 3.3
1998 61,296,000 1,687,252 399,772 1,287,480 27.5 6.5 21.0 -0.7 3.4
1999 62,565,000 1,693,025 401,433 1,291,592 27.1 6.4 20.6 -0.3
2000 63,860,000 1,751,854 404,699 1,347,155 27.4 6.3 21.1 -0.8 3.5
2001 65,182,000 1,741,308 404,531 1,336,777 26.7 6.2 20.5 -0.2
2002 66,628,000 1,766,589 424,034 1,342,555 26.5 6.4 20.2 1.5
2003 67,965,000 1,777,418 440,149 1,337,269 26.2 6.5 19.7 0 3.2
2004 69,304,000 1,779,500 440,790 1,338,710 25.7 6.4 19.3 0
2005 70,653,000 1,800,972 450,646 1,350,326 25.5 6.4 19.1 0 3.1
2006 72,009,000 1,853,746 451,863 1,401,883 25.7 6.3 19.5 -0.7
2007 74,828,000 1,949,569 450,596 1,498,973 26.5 6.1 20.4 17.3
2008 76,651,000 2,050,704 461,934 1,588,770 27.4 5.9 21.5 2.3 3.0
2009 78,522,000 2,217,409 476,592 1,740,817 28.8 6.2 22.6 1.2
2010 80,443,000 2,261,409 483,385 1,778,024 28.7 6.1 22.6 1.3
2011 82,410,000 2,442,094 493,086 1,949,008 30.3 6.1 24.2 -0.3
2012 84,418,000 2,629,769 529,247 2,100,522 31.9 6.4 25.5 -1.7
2013 86,460,000 2,621,902 511,000 2,110,719 31.0 6.0 25.0 -1.4
2014 88,530,000 2,720,495 531,864 2,188,631 31.3 6.1 25.2 -1.8 3.5
2015 90,624,000 2,685,276 573,129 2,123,102 30.2 6.5 23.7 -0.6 3.4
2016 92,737,000 2,600,173 556,148 2,044,025 28.6 6.1 22.5 0.3 3.25
2017 95,203,000 2,557,400 547,200 1,971,115 26.8 5.6 21.2 4.7 3.12
2018 97,147,000 2,382,362 560,308 1,822,054 24.5 5.8 18.7 1.3 3.0
2019 98,902,000 2,304,800 570,600 1,734,200 23.3 5.8 17.5 0.2 2.9
2020 100,604,000 2,235,300 664,800 1,570,500 22.2 6.6 15.6 1.3 2.885
2021 102,061,000 2,184,605 741,900 1,442,705 21.4 7.3 14.1 0.2 2.796
2022 103,605,000 2,193,001 601,781 1,591,220 21.2 5.8 15.4 -0.5 2.76
2023 105,174,000 2,044,891[18] 582,791 1,462,100 19.4 5.5 13.9 -5.8 2.54[19]

Current vital statistics

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[20] [21]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January-August 2023 1,389,100 389,700 +999,400
January-August 2024 1,320,300 417,400 +902,900
Difference   -68,800 (-4.95%)   +27,700 (+7.11%)   -96,500

Fertility rate (Demographic Health Survey)

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Fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and CBR (crude birth rate):[22]

Year total urban rural
CBR TFR CBR TFR CBR TFR
1992 29,7 3,93 (2,7) 23,3 2,92 (2,0) 35,0 4,91 (3,4)
1995 28,0 3,63 (2,6) 23,9 3,01 (2,2) 31,4 4,19 (2,9)
1997 3,3 2,7 3,7
1998 27 3,4 23 2,8 31 3,9
2000 27,8 3,53 (2,9) 24,8 3,09 (2,6) 30,1 3,88 (3,1)
2003 26,3 3,2 (2,5) 21,7 2,6 (2,1) 29,8 3,6 (2,9)
2005 27,1 3,1 (2,3) 23,6 2,7 (2,1) 29,6 3,4 (2,5)
2008 26,6 3,0 (2,4) 23,3 2,7 (2,2) 29,1 3,2 (2,5)
2014 29,1 3,5 (2,8) 23,3 2,9 (2,4) 32,7 3,8 (3,0)


Life expectancy at birth

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Life expectancy in Egypt since 1927
 
Life expectancy in Egypt since 1960 by gender

Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[23]

Period Life expectancy in
Years 		Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 41.1 1985–1990 63.5
1955–1960 46.4 1990–1995 65.4
1960–1965 49.3 1995–2000 68.0
1965–1970 51.6 2000–2005 69.0
1970–1975 53.0 2005–2010 69.9
1975–1980 56.8 2010–2015 70.8
1980–1985 59.9

Demographics by Governorate

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Main article: Governorates of Egypt


Urban and Rural Population of Governorates

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Data taken from CAPMAS:[24]

Governorate % Urban Population (2017) Rural Urban
Alexandria
98.7%
 5,163,750 68,293 5,095,457
Aswan
41.1%
 1,473,975 868,820 605,155
Asyut
25.9%
 4,383,289 3,248,225 1,135,064
Beheira
18.2%
 6,171,613 5,050,630 1,120,983
Beni Suef
20.1%
 3,154,100 2,438,134 715,966
Cairo
100.0%
 9,539,673 0 9,539,673
Dakahlia
28.3%
 6,492,381 4,656,592 1,835,789
Damietta
39.4%
 1,496,765 907,542 589,223
Faiyum
23.0%
 3,596,954 2,768,329 828,625
Gharbia
28.1%
 4,999,633 3,594,336 1,405,297
Giza
61.1%
 8,632,021 3,365,818 5,266,203
Ismailia
44.5%
 1,303,993 724,046 579,947
Kafr el-Sheikh
23.9%
 3,362,185 2,557,058 805,127
Luxor
40.4%
 1,250,209 744,669 505,540
Matruh
62.7%
 425,624 158,546 267,078
Minya
18.0%
 5,497,095 4,507,931 989,164
Monufia
20.7%
 4,301,601 3,410,855 890,746
New Valley
46.0%
 241,247 130,253 110,994
North Sinai
62.9%
 450,328 167,217 283,111
Port Said
100.0%
 749,371 0 749,371
Qalyubia
42.7%
 5,627,420 3,224,929 2,402,491
Qena
18.8%
 3,164,281 2,569,795 594,486
Red Sea
96.5%
 359,888 12,516 347,372
Sharqia
24.9%
 7,163,824 5,422,698 1,741,126
Sohag
21.2%
 4,967,409 3,913,109 1,054,300
South Sinai
53.5%
 102,018 48,079 53,939
Suez
100.0%
 728,180 0 728,180
Total
42.2%
 94,798,827 54,558,420 40,240,407

Population density by governorate

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Egyptian Population Density in pre-2013 administrative divisions[needs update]

As of 1 July 2014; data taken from CAPMAS:[24] Information for population is in thousands, pop density – persons/km2 and area is in km2.

Governorate Population in thousands Pop. density % inhabited to total Inhabited area Total area
inhabited area total area
Alexandria 4,761 2,841.5 2,070.0
72.8%
 1,675.50 2,300.00
Aswan 1,412 13,477.1 22.5
0.2%
 104.77 62,726.00
Asyut 4,181 2,656.3 161.3
6.1%
 1,574.00 25,926.00
Beheira 5,720 806.3 582.1
72.2%
 7,093.84 9,826.00
Beni Suef 2,812 2,053.4 256.7
12.5%
 1,369.41 10,954.00
Cairo 9,184 48,235.3 2,976.8
6.2%
 190.40 3,085.12
Dakahlia 5,881 1,662.1 1,662.1
100.0%
 3,538.23 3,538.23
Damietta 1,316 1,968.7 1,445.7
73.4%
 668.47 910.26
Faiyum 3,118 1,680.0 513.8
30.6%
 1,856.00 6,068.00
Gharbia 4,698 2,418.7 2,418.7
100.0%
 1,942.34 1,942.34
Giza 7,487 6,286.3 567.9
9.0%
 1,191.00 13,184.00
Ismailia 1,162 229.3 229.3
100.0%
 5,066.97 5,066.97
Kafr el-Sheikh 3,132 903.5 903.5
100.0%
 3,466.69 3,466.69
Luxor 1,132 4,992.7 469.8
9.4%
 226.73 2,409.68
Matruh 437 111.4 2.6
2.4%
 3,921.40 166,563.00
Minya 5,076 2,104.8 157.3
7.5%
 2,411.65 32,279.00
Monufia 3,890 1,596.9 1,556.6
97.5%
 2,435.93 2,499.00
New Valley 222 205.1 0.5
0.2%
 1,082.24 440,098.00
North Sinai 428 203.7 14.8
7.2%
 2,100.84 28,992.00
Port Said 660 499.7 490.7
98.2%
 1,320.68 1,344.96
Qalyubia 5,044 4,702.1 4,486.4
95.4%
 1,072.72 1,124.28
Qena 3,001 1,724.1 277.9
16.1%
 1,740.63 10,798.00
Red Sea 341 4,794.0 2.9
0.1%
 71.13 119,099.13
Sharqia 6,402 1,343.7 1,303.6
97.0%
 4,764.28 4,911.00
Sohag 4,536 2,845.8 411.5
14.5%
 1,593.92 11,022.00
South Sinai 166 9.9 5.3
53.7%
 16,791.00 31,272.00
Suez 615 68.3 68.3
100.0%
 9,002.21 9,002.21
Total 86,814 1109.1 85.9
7.8%
 78272.98 1010407.87

Ethnic groups

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Ethnic groups of Egypt (2006)[25]
Ethnic groups percent
Egyptians
 
 99.7%
Other
 
 0.3%

The CIA World Factbook lists Egyptians as 99.7%, and "other" as 0.3% (2006 census).[25] "Other" refers to people who are not citizens of Egypt, who come to Egypt to work for international companies, diplomats, etc.

 
Sa'idi Upper Egyptian boy from the Luxor Governate

The vast majority of the population of Egypt consists of Egyptians including Copts, the native Egyptians make up 95% of the population.[25] The vast majority of Egyptians are speakers of the Egyptian Arabic dialect.

Minorities in Egypt include the Berber-speaking community of the Siwa Oasis (Siwis) and the Nubian people clustered along the Nile in the southernmost part of Egypt. There are also sizable minorities of Beja and Dom. There are also refugees mainly composed of Sudanese, and the over all refugees are estimated to be around 3–5 million,[26] those from war-zone areas like Iraq, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, and Eritrea.[26]

The country was also host to many different communities during the European occupation period, including Greeks, Italians, and also from war-torn areas; the Lebanese, Syro-Lebanese, and other minority groups like Jews, Armenians, Turks and Albanians, though most either left or were compelled to leave after political developments in the 1950s. The country still hosts some 90,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mostly Palestinians and Sudanese.

Other sources[citation needed] give more detailed statistics, including the Beja[27](ca. 88,000), the Nubians (ca. 300,000 in 1996), Dom (ca. 230,000 in 1996), Berbers (Siwis) (ca. 5,000).

Languages

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Main article: Languages of Egypt

Arabic is the official language of Egypt, with the vast majority of Egyptians speaking Egyptian Arabic. In The Upper Nile valley regions, Sa'idi Arabic is prevalent. The Coptic language is still used in the Coptic church for the majority of prayers, hymns, masses, and meditations. English is widely understood. Siwa language is used in ethnic Berber tribal areas in the western desert (Siwa), and Nubian language is widely used among the ethnic Nubians in the southern areas.

Religions

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Main articles: Religion in Egypt, Islam in Egypt, and Christianity in Egypt

Religion in Egypt (est. 2017)[28]

  Islam (87%)
  Christianity (13%)

According to the CIA World Factbook, 90% of the population is Muslim and 10% is Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican).[a]

[33][34][25]

Egyptians abroad

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Main article: Egyptian diaspora

Egyptians have a long history of mobility, primarily across the Arab world, but emigration became much more popular once it was recognised as a right in the 1971 Constitution.[35] According to the International Organization for Migration, an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad and contribute actively to the development of their country through remittances (US$7.8 billion in 2009), circulation of human and social capital, as well as investment. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in Arab countries (923,600 in Saudi Arabia, 332,600 in Libya, 226,850 in Jordan, 190,550 in Kuwait with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30% are living mostly North America (318,000 in the United States, 110,000 in Canada) and Europe (90,000 in Italy).[36]

Genetics

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Further information: DNA history of Egypt

Autosomal DNA

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Almarri, Mohamed A et al. (2021) analyzed present-day Middle-Eastern groups. They modelled the components of a sample from Egypt as being made up of four ancient populations: 45% Levant Neolithic/Natufian, 33% Iran Neolithic, 15% Mota, and 8% Eastern Hunter Gatherer.[37]

mtDNA

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Saunier, Jessica et al. (2009) sequenced mitogenomes from 277 unrelated Egyptian individuals. The results showed that 20.6% of the Egyptian mtDNA chromosomes were of Sub-Saharan African origin, while 79.4% were of West Eurasian.[38]

Y-DNA

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Listed here are some of the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups in Egypt, according to Bekada, Asmahan et al. (2013).[39]

Haplogroup n A B E1a E1b1a E1b1b1 E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E1b1b1a1b E1b1b1a2 E1b1b1a3 E1b1b1a4 E1b1b1b E1b1b1c F G I J1 J2 K L O P, R Q R1a R1b1a R1b1b R2 T
Marker M33 M2 M35 M78 V12 V32 V13 V22 V65 M81 M34 M89 M201 V88 M269 M70
Egypt 370 1.35 – 0.54 2.43 3.24 0.81 7.03 1.62 0.81 9.19 2.43 11.89 6.76 1.08 5.68 0.54 20.81 6.75 0.27 0.81 0.27 0.54 0.27 2.16 2.97 2.97 0.54 6.22

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b In 2017, the Wall Street Journal reported that "the vast majority of Egypt's estimated 9.5 million Christians, approximately 10% of the country's population, are Orthodox Copts."[29] In 2019, the Associated Press cited an estimate of 10 million Copts in Egypt.[30] In 2015, the Wall Street Journal reported: "The Egyptian government estimates about 5 million Copts, but the Coptic Orthodox Church says 15–18 million. Reliable numbers are hard to find but estimates suggest they make up somewhere between 6% and 18% of the population."[31] In 2004, BBC News reported that Copts were 5–10% of the Egyptian population.[32] The CIA World Factbook reported a 2015 estimate that 10% of the Egyptian population is Christian (including both Copts and non-Copts).[25]

References

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  1. ^ https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/135824/Birth-rate-in-Egypt-declined-over-5-years-population-reaches
  2. ^ "الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء". www.capmas.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  3. ^ "Population - the World Factbook".
  4. ^ "Egypt Facts". National Geographic.
  5. ^ "population clock". Egypt Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics.
  6. ^ Korotayev A., Zinkina J. Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis. Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar 13 (2011): 139–169.
  7. ^ "The long-term economic challenges Egypt must overcome". Marketplace. 1 February 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
  8. ^ "Population Clock: World". www.census.gov. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  9. ^ CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Archived 21 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Population 1971–2008 (pdf Archived 6 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 p. 57)
  10. ^ "Population in Censuses by Sex & Sex Ratio (1882–2006)" (PDF). Egypt State Information Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  11. ^ "Publication Name:Population". Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  12. ^ "Demographic and Health Survey 2014" (PDF). DHS. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  13. ^ a b "Statistical Yearbook – Population". 20 May 2015.
  14. ^ "Egypt Population 2012", World Population Review
  15. ^ "Demographic Yearbook 2019". United Nations.
  16. ^ "Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics".
  17. ^ "Unknown". Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  18. ^ "Births and Deaths Statement". CAPMAS. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  19. ^ "Birth rate in Egypt declined over 5 years, population reaches 107 million: CAPMAS". EgyptToday. 2 November 2024. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  20. ^ "Informatics bulletin".
  21. ^ "Egypt's population growth rate drops to 1.4 percent in four years: Gov't spox". Ahram Online. 2 June 2024.
  22. ^ "The DHS Program – Survey Search".
  23. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". esa.un.org. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  24. ^ a b "Egypt in Figures 2017". CAPMAS. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  25. ^ a b c d e f "Egypt". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 14 December 2021.
  26. ^ a b "Who are the 5 million refugees and immigrants in Egypt?". brookings.edu. 4 October 2016.
  27. ^ "2.2 million and extend into Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea", refworld.com
  28. ^ International Religious Freedom Report for 2014 US Department of State
  29. ^ Francis X. Rocca & Dahlia Kholaif, Pope Francis Calls on Egypt’s Catholics to Embrace Forgiveness, Wall Street Journal (April 29, 2017).
  30. ^ Noha Elhennawy, Egyptian woman fights unequal Islamic inheritance laws, Associated Press (November 15, 2019).
  31. ^ "Five Things to Know About Egypt's Coptic Christians". Wall Street Journal. 16 February 2015.
  32. ^ "Egyptian Coptic protesters freed". BBC News. 22 December 2004.
  33. ^ "International Religious Freedom Report 2006 – Egypt". 15 September 2006.
  34. ^ a b "International Religious Freedom Report 2007 – Egypt". 14 September 2007.
  35. ^ Tsourapas, Gerasimos (2019). The Politics of Migration in Modern Egypt: Strategies for Regime Survival in Autocracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108475549. OCLC 1080638597.
  36. ^ "IOM Migration and Development in Egypt Facts and Figures" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
  37. ^ Almarri, Mohamed A.; Haber, Marc; Lootah, Reem A.; Hallast, Pille; Al Turki, Saeed; Martin, Hilary C.; Xue, Yali; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2 September 2021). "The genomic history of the Middle East". Cell. 184 (18): 4612–4625.e14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.013. ISSN 1097-4172. PMC 8445022. PMID 34352227.
  38. ^ Saunier JL, Irwin JA, Strouss KM, Ragab H, Sturk KA, Parsons TJ (June 2009). "Mitochondrial control region sequences from an Egyptian population sample". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 3 (3): E97–E103. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.09.004. PMID 19414160.
  39. ^ Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56775. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775
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