The Dene Thá (/'tɛnɛ ðɑː/) First Nation is a First Nations government of the South Slavey in Northern Alberta, Canada. The people call themselves Dene Dháa (sometimes spelled Dene Tha' or Dene Th'a) or 'Ordinary People' in the Dene Dháh language. Its population is centered primarily in three communities: Bushe River, Meander River, and Chateh (formerly known as Assumption), but approximately 600 members who live off-reserve.[4][5] Dene Thá First Nation is Treaty 8 nation and a member of the North Peace Tribal Council.[6]
 | |
| People | South Slavey |
|---|---|
| Treaty | Treaty 8 |
| Headquarters | Chateh |
| Province | Alberta |
| Land[1] | |
| Reserve(s) | |
| Land area | 300.38 km2 |
| Population (2019)[1] | |
| On reserve | 2161 |
| Off reserve | 988 |
| Total population | 3149 |
| Website | |
| denetha.ca | |
| Dene / (Slavey)[2] "people" / "Awokanak"[3] | |
|---|---|
| Person | Dene |
| People | Dene Tha' (Deneke) |
| Language | Dene Yatié / Dene Zhatié |
| Country | Dene Tha' Ndéh, Denendeh |
Territories
editThe following areas are reserved for the Dene Thá: Amber River 211, Bistcho Lake 213, Bushe River 207, Hay Lake 209, Jackfish Point 214, Upper Hay River 212, and Zama Lake 210[7] The total area of the reserves is 74,224 acres (30,037 ha).
Until the 1950s, the Dene Thá lived a semi-nomadic lifestyle and hunted in their traditional territory, which included land in the northwestern corner of Alberta, the southern Northwest Territories, and the northeastern corner of British Columbia. Today, many live in permanent settlements in and around Bushe River, Meander River, and Chateh.[8]
Demographics
editAs of 2013[update] the First Nations registered population was 2871 with 2017 members living on reserves or crown land and 854 members living off reserve.[10][11]
Language
editDene Dháh (/'dɛnɛ ðɑh/) translates to 'Dene language' is the preferred name for the language spoken by the Dene Thá, but linguists and anthropologists commonly refer to the language simply as a dialect of South Slavey. It has been called Slavey, South Slavey, Alberta Slavey, and Dene, a catch-all term which encompasses several Northern Athabaskan language groups.[4]
Dene Dháh, the only variety of South Slavey spoken in Alberta (Dene Zhatié is spoken in the Northwest Territories), belongs to the Northern Athabaskan subgrouping of the Athabaskan language family. It is closely related to languages such as Dane-Zaa, Kaska, Dëne Sųłiné, and Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì.[12]
Dialects
editDene Dháh has three distinct dialects:
- Xewónst’e (Fort Vermilion-Eleske)
- Xewónht’e (Assumption-Habay)
- Kegúnht’u (Bistcho Lake)
Each dialect name translates to "It's like that" and exhibits variation typical of the dialects.[4]
Linguistic vitality
editMost Dene Dháa adults speak Dene Dháh as their first language, and the language is still being passed on to children.[9] In 2006, a survey conducted among school-aged children in Chateh reported a native-speaker proficiency rate of 65%.[13]
Further reading
edit- Boltokova, Daria (2012). Intergenerational disjunctures in the Dene Tha First Nation of northern Alberta: adults' nostalgia and youths' 'counter-narratives' on language revitalization (Thesis). University of British Columbia. S2CID 130442655.
- Goulet, Jean-Guy A. (1998). Ways of knowing: Experience, knowledge, and power among the Dene Tha. UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0680-0.
- Harvey-Trigoso, Kim (1999). Ecological knowledge of the Dene Tha': Traditional subsistence activities and childhood socialization (PDF) (Thesis). University of Calgary. doi:10.11575/PRISM/16449. hdl:1880/25053.
- Moore, Patrick; Wheelock, Angela (1990). Wolverine Myths and Visions: Dene Traditions from Northern Alberta. Studies in the Anthropology of North American Indians. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-8161-5.
- Moore, Patrick (2007). "Negotiated Identities: The Evolution of Dene Tha and Kaska Personal Naming Systems". Anthropological Linguistics. 49 (3/4)): 283–307. JSTOR 27667611.
References
edit- ^ "First Nation Detail". Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
- ^ Mandeville, Curtis (21 June 2016). "Goodbye Great Slave Lake? Movement to decolonize N.W.T. maps is growing". CBC. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
[T]he name Slavey is a colonial term that was imposed on the Dehcho Dene[, Nakehk'o said;] "It is a very terrible and horrible name."
- ^ Waldman, Carl (2006). Facts on File Library of American History - Encyclopedia of Native American tribes. Infobase Publishing. p. 275. ISBN 9781438110103. The name given to Dene by the Cree "who sometimes raided and enslaved their less aggressive northern neighbors".
- ^ a b c Moore, Patrick and Angela Wheelock. 1990. Wolverine Myths and Visions: Dene Traditions from Northern Alberta. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
- ^ "Home - Dene Tha First Nation". Dene Tha First Nation. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
- ^ "About Us - Dene Tha First Nation". Dene Tha First Nation. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
- ^ "Dene Tha' - Aboriginal Communities". Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. Retrieved 2012-06-13.
- ^ a b Harvey-Trigoso, Kim (1999). Ecological knowledge of the Dene Tha': Traditional subsistence activities and childhood socialization. University of Calgary.
- ^ a b Boltokova, Daria (2012). Intergenerational disjunctures in the Dene Tha First Nation of northern Alberta : adults' nostalgia and youths' 'counter-narratives' on language revitalization (Thesis). University of British Columbia.
- ^ "AANDC (Dene Tha')". Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
- ^ "Home".
- ^ Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). (2017). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twentieth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www-ethnologue-com.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu .
- ^ Moore, Patrick (2007). "Negotiated Identities: The Evolution of Dene Tha and Kaska Personal Naming Systems". Anthropological Linguistics. 49 (3/4): 283–307.