Wikipedia

Draft:Short Lived States and Dependencies

This is a list of Countries, Dependencies, Political & Territorial Entities, Anarchist areas & Provisional governments that lasted for five years or less.[1][2]

Criteria

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  • All countries are dated since 1 CE
  • All states have to have survived for no less than Five years.
  • Had de facto control over a territory or a significant portion of its territory

Africa

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Name Date Capital Now Part Of Notes
  Republic of Swellendam 1795 Swellendam South Africa The Boer Republic was declared as a revolt to the maladministration and inadequacies of the Dutch East India Company
  Republic of Graaff-Reinet 1795–1796 Graaff-Reinet In the town of Graaff-Reinet the boers were who were annoyed by the taxation of the Dutch East India Company, proclaimed themselves to be the independent "Colony of Graaff-Reinet
 Republic of Klip River 1847–1848 Ladysmith After buying land of the Zulu king Mpande a group of boers settled in an area now known as Ladysmith, KwaZulu-Natal and led by their leader Andries Spies they declared the Republic of the Klip River, later annexed by the UK the same year
Klipdrift Republic 1870–1871 Klipdrift The Klipdrift Republic was a Boer republic declared in Griqualand West by Stafford Parker
  Republic of Stellaland 1882–1883 Vryburg A boer republic for it's short existence was an important factor in the lead up to the Second Boer War, later merged with the State of Goshen to become the United States of Stellaland
  State of Goshen Rooigrond & Mafikeng A short lived Boer republic, later merged with the Republic of Stellaland
  South African Republic 1914-1915 Pretoria The republic was a failed attempt to recreate Transvaal during the Maritz rebellion
Western Galla Confederation[3] 1936 Gore Ethiopia Also known as the Macha Oromo Confederation, it was an Oromo separatist movement in Abyssinia during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
  French Committee of National Liberation[4] 1943–44 Algiers Algeria During the Second World War the Free French in the French territories in Africa declared the provisional government
  Kingdom of Tunisia[5] 1956–1957 Tunis Tunisia The kingdom a short lived monarchy just after Tunisian independence
 Sultanate of M'Simbati[6] 1959 ? Tanzania A micronation declared by Englishman Latham Leslie Moore in 1959
 Mali Federation[7][8] 1959-1960 Dakar Senegal & Mali Was a short lived member of the French Community until it broke into Senegal and Mali
 State of Somaliland[9] 1960 Hargeisa Somaliland (De Facto) Somalia (De Jure) The state of Somaliland existed for five days as the Trust Territory of Somaliland was finalising its independence from Italy
 Dominion of Uganda[10] 1962–1963 Kampala Uganda After Uganda was granted independence the British monarch, Elizabeth II, remained head of state as Queen of Uganda for precisley one year
 Dominion of Kenya[11] 1963–1964 Nairobi Kenya After Kenya was granted independence the British monarch, Elizabeth II, remained head of state as Queen of Kenya
  First Nigerian Republic[12] 1963-1966 Lagos Nigeria After the Independence of Nigeria the first Nigerian Republic took over, it was disposed of after a military coup three years later.
 Rhodesia 1964-1965 Harare Zimbabwe Was a British protectorate, now known as Zimbabwe
 Niger Delta Republic[13] 1966 ? Nigeria A short lived state declared by Isaac Adaka Boro a soldier and Niger Delta activist
  Republic of Benin[14] 1967 Benin City The republic was a Biafran puppet state set up in the Nigerian city of Benin City
Nile Provisional Government 1969-1970 Juba South Sudan Formed out of the failed Southern Sudan Provisional Government as an attempt to rebrand the nation from South Sudan to the Nile Republic
  Martyazo 1972 Commune of Vugizo Burundi A short lived secessionist state established by Hutu rebels in the Commune of Vugizo
  Republic of Cabinda 1975–1976 Cabinda Angola A sepratist state declared by Cabindan nationalist groups the Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda and the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda after Angolan independence
  Zimbabwe Rhodesia 1979–1980 Salisbury Zimbabwe A transitional government established by the British to transfer authority from Rhodesia to Zimbabwe
  National Revolutionary Council of the Gambia 1981 Banjul The Gambia The revolutionary council was set up by Kukoi Sanyang to govern The Gambia after the 1981 Gambian coup d'état attempt
 Mohéli 1997-1998 Fomboni Comoros Along with Anjouan in 1997 they both sceded from the Comoros Anjouan lasted until 2002 and Mohéli agreed to join back to the union in 1998
  Jubaland 1998-1999 Bu'ale Somalia During the Somali civil war General Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan declared the independence of Jubaland
  Caprivi 1999 ? Namibia A state declared by the Caprivi Liberation Army during the short lived Caprivi conflict[15]
  State of Anjouan[16] 2007-2008 Mutsamudu Comoros A state declared Mohamed Bacar after holding an illegal election in June, the state was soon dissolved during the Invasion of Anjouan & Mohamed Bacar exiled
  National Transitional Council[17] 2011-2012 Tripoli Libya A unitary transitional government established to transition from the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the State of Libya
  Azawad[18][19][20] 2012 Timbuktu (proclaimed)
Gao (provisional) 		Mali A seccionist state declared by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad in northern Mali during the Tuareg rebellion

Asia

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Name Date Capital Now Part Of Notes
  Free Ilocos 1762–1763 Vigan Philippines A short lived revolutionary state declared by Diego Silang in Northern Luzon during the British occupation of Manila
  Republic of Ezo[21] 1869 Hakodate Japan Also known as the Republic of Japan the Republic of Ezo was a short lived separatist state established in the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido
  Kingdom of Sedang 1888-1889 Kon Gung Vietnam A ephemeral state declared by French explorer Marie-Charles David de Mayréna after the governor of French Indochina sent him to negotiate treaties with the Kingdom of Siam after they started claiming parts of French Indochina, but instead allied with other tribes to declare the Kingdom of Sedang, the kingdom was dissolved shortly after when Marie was captured by the French Navy
 Republic of Formosa[22] 1895 Taipei & Tainan Taiwan The inhabitants of the island of Taiwan declared themselves independent in response to the Qing Dynastys move to scecede the island to Japan
  Tejeros Revolutionary Government 1897 General Trias Philipines
  Republic of Biak-na-Bato San Miguel The republic of Biak-na-bato was a philipino revolutionary government declared by solier Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine Revolution
  Dictatorial Government of the Philippines 1898 Bacoor The Government was a filipino insurgent government in Bacoor during the Spanish–American War
  Revolutionary Government of the Philippines Bacoor & Malolos A revolutionary government set up by Emilio Aguinaldo during Spanish–American War
 Republic of Negros 1898–1899 Bacolod The republic was a short lived revolutionary state on the island, it later became the Federal State of the Visayas
Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun 1903 Guangzhou China A short lived attempt at establashing a Westernised Monarchy in china by the Revive China Society
  Empire of China 1915–1916 Peking A short lived attempt to reinstate monarchy in China by Yuan Shikai
  Yakutia 1918 Yakutsk Russia A short lived uprising by Yakuts in support of the White Army
  Provisional Siberian Government Omsk Short lived attempts of a government set up by the White Army
  Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia Vladivostok
  Siberian Republic Omsk An short lived attempt attempt at Siberian regionalism
  Provisional Regional Government of the Urals Yekaterinburg An anti-Bolshevik government set up in Yekaterinburg
 Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus[23] 1918–1919 Kars Turkey A pro-Turkish provisional government established in the aftermath of the Armistice of Mudros to stop the area being incorporated into the First Republic of Armenia
  Mughan Soviet Republic [citation needed] 1919 Lankaran Azerbaijan A short lived pro-Bolshevik state in southeastern Azerbaijan
 Ferghana Provisional Government 1919-1920 Osh Kyrgyzstan A polity set up by the Basmachi movement led by Madame Bey
 Arab Kingdom of Syria[24] Damascus Syria A short lived constitutional monarchy led by Faisal I of Iraq
Provisional Government of the Far East 1920 Vladivostok Russia An Anti-White state established around Vladivostok later incorporated into the pro-Bolsheviks Far Eastern Republic and the pro-White Provisional Priamurye Government
  South Russian Government Novorossiysk The Successsor of Anton Denikin's General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia
  Government of South Russia Sevastopol A short lived White Government established as the successor of Anton Denikin's South Russian Government by Pyotr Wrangel in Crimea
  Eastern Okraina Chita After the defeat of White forces in Western Siberia Alexander Kolchak ordered Grigory Mikhaylovich Semyonov to evacuate their forces to the territory of Russia's eastern outskirts
  Azadistan Tabriz Iran A short lived state in Iranian Azerbaijan established by Mohammad Khiabani
 Persian Socialist Soviet Republic 1920–1921 Rasht A soviet republic declared by revolutionary leader Mirza Kuchik Khan and the Jungle Movement of Gilan
 Republic of China Military Government Guangzhou China A military government centered around the Second Constitutional Protection Movement
 Autonomous Government of Khorasan 1921 Rasht Iran A short lived military state established by warlord Mohammad Taqi Pessian
  Sharifian Caliphate[25] 1924-1925 Mecca Saudi Arabia A caliphate declared by the Hejaz as the successor of the Ottoman Caliphate
  Hunan Soviet 1927 ? China A Communist-controlled China (1927–1949) insurrection led by Mao Zedong and Li Zhen in the Hunan and Jiangxi areas
  Guangzhou Commune[26] Guangzhou A political structure established in Guangzhou during the Guangzhou Uprising, also called the Soviet of Workers, Soldiers and Peasant Deputies
  Emirate of Afghanistan 1929 Kabul Afghanistan An unrecognised state declared by Saqqawists on the territory that they held during the Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)[27]
  Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviet 1930–1931 ? Vietnam A series of uprisings against French Indochina in the Nghệ An and Hà Tĩnh Provinces
 Kumul Khanate 1931-1934 Kumul China A rebellion led by Uyghur chieftain and Kuomintang general Yulbars Khan to restore the Kumul Khanate and the heir to the throne, Nasir.
 Northeast Supreme Administrative Council 1932 Changchun The forerunner of Japanese puppet state Manchukuo
  First East Turkestan Republic 1933–1934 Kashgar The republic was a short lived unrecognized breakaway Islamic Uyghur state in northwestern China
  People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China Fuzhou Also known as the Fujian People's Government, it was a short lived anti-Kuomintang socialist state established in the Fujian Province
  Northwest Chinese Soviet Federation 1935–1936 Mao County, Barkam, Jinchuan County & Garzê County A confederation of two ethnic minority governments, the Tibetan People's Republic and Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Geledesha
 Great Way Government 1937–1938 Pudong A puppet government established to govern Japanese occupied Shanghai in the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War
 Hatay State 1938–1939 Antakya Turkey A transitional government located in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta before becomig the Hatay Province of Turkey
Free Republic of Nias 1942 Gunungsitoli Indonesia A short lived state established by escaped Nazis after their ship that they were being held on was bombed by the Japanese.[28]
 Inner Mongolian People's Republic 1945 Sonid Right Banner China After the dissolution of the Japanese puppet Mengjiang, A congress of "People's Representatives" was held and the socialist Inner Mongolian People's Republic was declared, it was later conquered by China fearing separatism.[29]
  Kingdom of Luang Phrabang Luang Prabang Laos A short lived Japanese puppet state, lead by Prince Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
 Empire of Vietnam Huế Vietnam A puppet state of Japan in the French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin
  Kingdom of Kampuchea Phnom Penh Cambodia A short lived Japanese puppet state
 Lao Issara 1945–1946 Vientiane & Luang Prabang Laos An anti-French state established in the aftermath of World War Two
  Azerbaijan People's Government Tabriz Iran A short lived Soviet satellite state in the Iranian Azerbaijan area.
  People's Republic of Korea Seoul South Korea & North Korea A provisional government established in the withdrawl of the Japanese in Korea, later occupied by the Soviet Union in the north and the United States in the south
 Republic of Mahabad 1946–1947 Mahabad Iran A Kurdish Soviet satellite state established alongside the Azerbaijan People's Government
  Provisional People's Committee for North Korea Pyongyang North Korea A provisional government established as the successor of the Soviet Civil Administration
  Khanate of Kalat 1947–1948 Kalat Pakistan A Princely state that was briefly independent before Ahmad of Kalat the ruler of the Khanate acceded to Pakistan
  Hyderabad State Hyderabad India During the independence of India all Princely States were given the option to join India or Pakistan or have independence. The Muslim Nizams who ruled the predominantly Hindu state chose independence. The Indians later invaded and annexed Hyderabad during Operation Polo
  Junagadh State Junagadh During the independence of India all Princely States were given the option to join India or Pakistan or have independence. The Nawab of Junagadh Muhammad Mahabat Khan III chose for Junagadh and it's vassal Bantva Manavadar to go with Pakistan until later that year they chose to remain independent until the Indian invasion of them during that year
  Bantva Manavadar Junagadh
  People's Committee of North Korea Pyongyang North Korea A pro-Soviet Provisional Government that oversaw the transition from Soviet occupation in northern Korea to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Government of the National Front of the Region of Madiun 1948 Madiun Indonesia A failed attempt at a communist uprising.
 Provisional Central Government of Vietnam 1948–1949 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam A French-associated transitional government established in the protectorates of Tonkin and Annam until Cochinchina reunited and founded the State of Vietnam
 United States of Indonesia 1949–1950 Jakarta Indonesia A short lived federal state established after Indonesia's independence from the Netherlands, succeeded by the unitary Republic of Indonesia
 Arab Federation 1958 Baghdad Iraq & Jordan A short lived confederation between the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq and Kingdom of Jordan.
 Second Republic of Korea 1960–1961 Seoul South Korea Founded during the April Revolution against the current president Syngman Rhee
 United Nations Temporary Executive Authority 1962-1963 Jayapura Indonesia A civil administration established to facilitate the transition of Dutch New Guinea to Indonesia
Shanghai People's Commune 1967 Shanghai China A Maoist commune established during the January Storm by future Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Chunqiao.
 Emirate of Abu Dhabi 1971 Abu Dhabi UAE After the independence of the Trucial States, Six of the Emirates—Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain and Fujairah—formed the United Arab Emirates, with Ras Al Khaimah joining later in 1972
 Emirate of Ajman Ajman
 Emirate of Dubai Dubai
 Emirate of Fujairah Fujairah
 Emirate of Sharjah Sharjah
 Emirate of Umm Al Quwain Umm Al Quwain
 Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah 1971-1972 Ras Al Khaimah
People's Republic of Tyre 1975-1976 Tyre Lebanon A short lived, PLO controlled, state-within-a-state during the Lebanese Civil Warafter the takeover of the city of Tyre.
  Republic of South Vietnam[30] Tây Ninh (1969–1972)
Lộc Ninh (1972–1973)
Cam Lộ (1973–1975)
Saigon – Gia Dinh (1975–1976) 		Vietnam A puppet government of North Vietnam formed from the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam shadow government.
 Provisional Government of East Timor Dili East Timor An Indonesian puppet provisional government, that was formed following the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in December 1975, and disbanded after the annexation of the area by Indonesia in July 1976 to become the Timor Timur province.
  Interim Government of Iran[citation needed] 1979 Tehran Iran
 Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan 1980 ? Afghanistan A small Salafist state located in the northern Bashgal Valley founded by cleric Mawlawi Afzal during the Afghan mujahideen insurgency.
    Federal Republic of Mindanao 1986 Cagayan de Oro Philippines A Breakaway state state declared by former Mayor of Cagayan de Oro and leader of the Mindanao People's Democratic Movement, Reuben Canoy.
 Republic of Kuwait 1990 Kuwait City Kuwait A self-styled Iraqi puppet government established in the aftermath of the Invasion of Kuwait by Ba'athist Iraq and was later annexed to become the Iraqi governate of Kuwait and the military occupied Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District.
 Second Federal Republic of Mindanao Cagayan de Oro Philippines A revolt led by Alexander Noble, a dissident Philippine Army colonel and his supporters after seized two garrisons in Cagayan de Oro and Butuan as an attempted coup against president Corazon Aquino
 Islamic Emirate of Kunar 1991 Asadabad Afghanistan A short lived, Salafist, quasi-state in the Kunar Province led by Jamil al-Rahman and his group Jamaat al-Dawah ila al-Quran wal-Sunnah
Kurdish Republic of Lachin 1992 Lachin Azerbaijan A state declared by Kurdish nationalists in the former region of Kurdistan Uezd, but was dissolved later that year during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.
Gorno-Badakhshan Republic Khorugh Tajikistan After the outbreak of the Tajikistani Civil War, the local government of Gorno-Badakhshan declared itself independent, but later backed down on the declaration.
 United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia 1992-1993 Phnom Penh Cambodia A United Nations peacekeeping administration formed after the 1991 Paris Peace Agreements.
 Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic[31] 1993 Lankaran Azerbaijan A automomous republic declared by Talysh nationalist Colonel Alikram Hummatov during the 1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état against, the first and only democratically elected President in post-Soviet Azerbaijan, Abulfaz Elchibey
 Democratic Republic of Yemen 1994 Aden Yemen Also known as South Yemen, the Democratic Republic of Yemen, declared during the 1994 Yemeni Civil War, encompassed the entirety of the former state of South Yemen.
 Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan 1996 Badakhshan Afghanistan n unrecognised Islamic State in the Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan established by supporters of Burhanuddin Rabbani & Ahmad Shah Massoud.
 Islamic Emirate of Byara 2001-2003 Byara Iraq A Kurdish Islamic state established by Ansar al-Islam, Kurdistan Islamic Group and Kurdistan Islamic Movement. It was dissolved in 2003 by Operation Viking Hammer
 Islamic Emirate of Rafah[32] 2009 Rafah Gaza Strip A short-lived unrecognized Islamic state established two years after the Hamas takeover of Gaza and later collapsed after the 2009 Battle of Rafah
  Bangsamoro Republik 2013 Davao City[33] (de jure)
Zamboanga City (de facto) 		Philipines A breakaway state declared by Nur Misuari, the leader of the Moro National Liberation Front in an attempt to create a nation for the Moro people
  Goyce Zengezur Turkish Republic[34][35][36] 2022 ? Azerbaijan The Goyce-Zengezur Turkish Republic was a short-lived, self-proclaimed state declared in 2022 in Southern Armenia region, aiming to establish Turkish governance.

Europe

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Name Date Capital Now Part Of Description
 Anabaptist Dominion of Münster[37] 1534-1535 Münster Germany An attempt by radical Anabaptists, led by John of Leiden, to to establish a communal sectarian government in the German city of Münster
 Commonwealth of England 1659-1660 London United Kingdom A transitional government led by the Rump Parliament after the resignation of Richard Cromwell, and dissolved after the Declaration of Breda
  Kingdom of Corsica 1736 Cervione & Corte France A kingdom on the island of Corsica established by Corsican rebels and exiles led by German explorer Theodor Stephan Freiherr von Neuhoff overthrowing the ruling Republic of Genoa until infighting among the rebels soon led to their defeat.
Kingdom of Finland[7] 1742–1743 Turku Finland After the Russian occupation of Finland during the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743), the Finns armed with vague promises of making Finland independent, elected Duke Peter of Holstein-Gottorp as their king. However it soon evaporated when Peter became the heir to the throne of Russia.
  Republic of Liège[38] 1789–1791 Liège Belgium A Republic established in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège during the Liège Revolution but was quickly annexed by French revolutionary forces
  United Belgian States[39] 1789–1790 Brussels Belgium A confederate republic established in the Southern Netherlands during the Brabant Revolution against the Habsburg Emperor, Joseph II.
  Republic of Mainz 1793 Mainz Germany One of the first French Sister Republics and the first democratic state in modern day Germany but was soon retaken by Prussian forces.
Republic of Bouillon 1794-1795 Bouillon? Switzerland A possible French client state formed out of the former Duchy of Bouillon but was soon incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
 Republic of Alba 1796 Alba Italy Italian Sister republics established during the Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars but were later annexed of turned into monarchies ruled by the House of Bonaparte.
Bolognese Republic Bologna
Republic Reggiana Reggio Emilia
 Cispadane Republic 1796–1797 Bologna
  Transpadane Republic Milan
 Republic of Crema 1797 Crema
  Astese Republic Asti
Republic of Brescia Brescia
Republic of Bergamo Bergamo
 Anconine Republic 1797–1798 Ancona
  Tiberina Republic 1798 Perugia
  Lemanic Republic Lausanne Switzerland A state orchestrated by, the tutor of the children of Tsar Paul I of Russia, Frédéric-César de La Harpe to regain the independence of the Vaud
Tellgovie Schwyz One of the three Swiss states created in 1798 from the Canton of Waldstätten and the Three Leagues, but was later reincorporated into the Helvetic Republic due public outcry.
  Republic of Connacht[40] Castlebar Ireland A Sister Republic of France established during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 by the Society of United Irishmen led by Wolfe Tone
 Roman Republic 1798–1799 Rome Italy A state established after Louis-Alexandre Berthier occupied the Papal states however it proved short lived as the Kingdom of Naples invaded an restored the Papacy
  State of Lucca 1799 Lucca French Sister Republics established during the Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars
  Republic of Pescara Pescara
Republic of Altamura Altamura
  Kingdom of Poland 1812-1813 Warsaw Poland A puppet state of France that was made from the reorganised Duchy of Warsaw during Napoleon's Russian campaign
 Kingdom of Norway 1814 Oslo Norway A short lived monarchy established by Norwegian nationalists when Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden, due to its alliance with France during the Napoleonic Wars, The Norwegian state was quickly defeated in the two week long Swedish–Norwegian War.
State of Franche-Comté Vesoul France A short lived buffer state established between Germany and First French Empire after the latters fall. It was soon dissolved following the Treaty of Paris.
 Principality of Elba[41] 1814–1815 Portoferraio Italy A brief monarchy established on the Italian island Elba granted to Napoleon Bonaparte and would be returned to France after his death, but was ultimately ephemeral with Napoleon's return to France during the Hundred Days and ultimate exile to St Helena
  Polish National Government 1830–1831 Warsaw Poland A provisional government established by Polish revolutionaries during the November Uprising
 Italian United Provinces 1831 Bologna Italy A revolutionary government established during the Revolutions of 1830, when the temporal power of the Pope and the Emilian Dukes were declared to be revoked, and lasted until Austrian troops took the city of Ancona.
  Polish National Government 1846 Kraków Poland An attempt at creating a Polish government during the Kraków uprising.
Republic of Mosina 1848 Mosina Poland A short-lived microstate centred around the Polish city of Mosina during the Greater Poland Uprising.
  Kingdom of Sicily Palermo Italy Italian revolutionary states established during the Revolutions of 1848.
  Provisional Government of Milan Milan
  Republic of San Marco 1848–1849 Venice
  Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune[42] Roquebrune & Menton France A union of two cities who seceded from Monaco due to high tax rates and increasing poverty, later absorbed by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
 German Empire Frankfurt Germany A failed attempt to unify the states of the states of the German Confederation.
  Serbian Vojvodina[43] Sremski Karlovci
Zemun
Veliki Bečkerek
Timișoara 		Serbia
  Roman Republic 1849 Rome Italy A republican government established when Pope Pius IX fled to Gaeta due to riots and protests by liberals because of the assassination of minister of justice Pellegrino Rossi.
 Tuscan Republic Florence A republican government established when Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany fled Florence joining Pope Pius IX in Gaeta.
  Hungarian State Buda Hungary An unrecognized state established during the last four months of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
 United Provinces of Central Italy 1859–1860 Modena Italy A client state of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. It was formed as a union of the pro-Piedmontese governments of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Parma, the Duchy of Modena and the Papal Legations after the Second Italian War of Independence. The United Provinces were soon annexed to Piedmont-Sardinia
  Polish National Government 1863–1864 Warsaw
Vilnius
Kiev 		Poland A Polish shadow government established during the January Uprising
  First Paris Commune 1870 Paris France Socialist regimes established during a wave of intense revolutionary fevour in France, the communes are credited, especially the Second Paris Commune with being the first Socialist government.
  Lyon Commune 1870-1871 Lyon
 Besançon Commune 1871 Besançon
  Second Paris Commune[44] Paris
  Third Paris Commune
 Commune of Creusot Creusot
 Commune of Marseilles Marseilles
 Central municipality of the district of Narbonne Narbonne
 Catalan State 1873 Barcelona Spain A federated state, encompassing Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands, established in order to defenf the unity the Spanish Federal Republic
 Canton of Algeciras Algeciras Radical Cantonalist juntas formed during the Cantonal rebellion.
 Canton of Alicante Alicante
 Canton of Málaga Málaga
  Canton of Cartagena 1873–1874 Cartagena
  First Spanish Republic Madrid A political regime that was founded after the abdication of Amadeo I of Spain and lasted until the January 1874 coup of Pavía.
  Strandzha Commune 1903 Malko Tarnovo Bulgaria & Türkiye Rebel polities in the Ottoman Empire region during the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising.
  Kruševo Republic Kruševo Montenegro
Shuliavka Republic 1905 Shuliavka Russia Revolutionary socialist states estabished during the Russian Revolution of 1905
Liubotyn Republic Liubotyn
Chita Republic 1905–1906 Chita
Stary Buyan Republic Volzhskiy
Markovo Republic[45] Markovo
  Comrat Republic 1906 Comrat Moldova
  Free State of Ikaria[46] 1912 Agios Kirykos Greece In the leadup to the First Balkan War the island of Icaria expelled the Ottoman garrisson on the island and declared independance and liberated the nearbye archipelago of Fournoi Korseon. The free state was later annexed by Greece and recognised as Greek territory by the Ottomans in the Treaty of London (1913).
  Provisional Government of Western Thrace[47] 1913 Komotini An Ottoman backed autonomous state in Western Thrace when Bulgaria was awarded the region in the Treaty of Bucharest (1913), it was then occupied by French forces and later annexed by Greece
  Republic of Central Albania 1913–1914 Durrës Albania A short lived state established, by future president of Albania, Essad Toptani in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars and lasted until William of Wied arrived and established the Principality of Albania.
  Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus[48] 1914 Gjirokastër A provisional government established by Greeks in southern Albania after the First Balkan War
General-Government of Belgium 1914-1915 Brussels Belgium
 Republic of Genoa Genoa Italy
  Provisional Government of the Irish Republic 1916 Dublin Ireland
  Provisional Government of National Defence Thessaloniki Greece
Samarina Republic 1917 Samarina
 Special Transcaucasian Committee Tbilisi Georgia
Provisional Land Council of Courland Tartu Latvia
Provisional Land Council of Vidzeme Valmiera
  Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers, Soldiers, and the Landless in Latvia[49] 1917-1918 Cēsis & Valka
 Borcali Karapapak Turkish Republic Borcali Georgia
  Provisional Land Council of Latgale Latgale Latvia
  Russian Republic Saint Petersburg Russia
  Soviet Republic of Naissaar[50] ? Estonia
  Moldavian Democratic Republic Chișinău Moldova
  Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets Kharkiv Ukraine
  Crimean People's Republic[51] Bakhchysarai
  Ukrainian State 1918 Kyiv
  Republic of Zakopane Zakopane Poland
  Kingdom of Lithuania Vilnius Lithuania
  United Baltic Duchy Riga Lithuania, Estonia & Latvia
  Duchy of Courland and Semigallia Riga Latvia
  Idel-Ural State Ufa Russia
  Supreme Administration of Northern Region Arkhangelsk Russia
  State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs Zagreb Balkans
  Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic Tbilisi Georgia, Azerbaijan & Armenia
Republic of Heinzenland Mattersburg Austria
First Republic of Pińczów Pińczów Poland
  Republic of Vorarlberg[52] Bregenz Austria
  Alsace Soviet Republic Strasbourg France
  Banat Republic Timișoara Romania
  Belarusian People's Republic[53] Minsk, Vilnius & Grodno Belarus & Lithuania
  Terek Soviet Republic Pyatigorsk & Vladikavkaz Russia
  Don Soviet Republic Rostov-on-Don Russia
  Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic Kharkiv & Luhansk Ukraine
  Soldiers' Council of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
 Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly[54] Samara Russia
  Mainz Workers' and Soldiers' Council Mainz Germany
 Stavropol Soviet Republic Stavropol Russia
 Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic Simferopol Ukraine
  Crimean Regional Government Simferopol Ukraine
 Provisional Government of the Amur Region Blagoveshchensk Russia
Republic of Ostrów Ostrów Wielkopolski Poland
 Second Kingdom of Finland[5][6] Helsinki Finland
 Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic Krasnodar Russia
 Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland Warsaw Poland
  Centrocaspian Dictatorship Baku Azerbaijan
  Baku Commune Baku Azerbaijan
  People's State of Bavaria 1918 –1919 Munich Germany
  Free Socialist Republic of Germany[55] Berlin Germany
 Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine Kharkiv Ukraine
 Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic Vilnius Lithuania
 General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia Novorossiysk Russia
 Finnish Democratic Republic[4] Helsinki, Terijoki Finland
  Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic [8] Helsinki Finland
  Republic of Tarnobrzeg Tarnobrzeg Poland
  Komancza Republic Komancza Poland
  West Ukrainian People's Republic Lviv (to 21 November 1918)
Ternopil (to end of 1918)
Stanislaviv (Ivano-Frankivsk)
Zalishchyky (early June 1919) 		Ukraine
  Commune of the Working People of Estonia Narva Estonia
  South Russia Ekaterinodar (January 1919–March 1920)
Novorossiysk (March 1920)
Sevastopol (from April 1920) 		Russia
  Republic of German-Austria Vienna Austria & Germany
  Military Dictatorship of Mughan Goytepe Azerbaijan
  Limerick Soviet 1919 Limerick Ireland
  Hutsul Republic Yasinia Ukraine
  Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic Vilnius
Minsk 		Lithuania & Belarus
  Hungarian Soviet Republic Budapest Hungary
  Slovak Soviet Republic Prešov Slovakia
  Kingdom of Portugal Porto Portugal
Free State of Schwenten[56] Schwenten Poland
  Republic of Batumi Batumi Georgia
 Provisional Government of White Karelia Uhtua Russia
  People's State of Reuss Gera Germany
  Bavarian Soviet Republic[57] Munich
  Bremen Soviet Republic Bremen
  Republic of Prekmurje[58] Murska Sobota Slovenia
  Saxon Soviet Republic Dresden Germany
  Würzburg Soviet Republic Würzburg
  Polish Soviet Socialist Republic Warsaw Poland
 Knocklong Soviet Knocklong Ireland[59]
 Chigirin Soviet Republic Chigirin Ukraine
  Hungarian Republic 1919 -1920 Budapest Hungary
  North Caucasian Emirate[60] Vedeno Russia
  Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee 1920 Smolensk Poland
  Galician Soviet Socialist Republic Ternopil Ukraine
 Cork Harbour Soviet Cork Ireland
 Soviet Government in Waterford[61] Waterford
  Republic of Mirdita[62] 1921 Prizren Albania
  Republic of Mountainous Armenia Goris Armenia
  Lajtabánság Oberwart Hungary
  Labin Republic[63] Labin Croatia
  Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic Pécs Hungary & Croatia
 Bruree Soviet Bruree Ireland
 Messenian Senate Kalamata Greece
Munster Republic 1922 ? Ireland
 Rhenish Republic 1923 Aachen Germany
Autonomous Palatinate 1924 Speyer
  Tungus Republic 1924–1925 Ayan Russia
Republic of Galicia 1931 Santiago de Compostela Spain
  Second Catalan Republic Barcelona
  Asturian Socialist Republic 1934 Oviedo
 Catalan State Barcelona
  Popular Executive Committee of Valencia 1936-1937 Valencia
  Madrid Defense Council Madrid
Málaga Public Health Committee Málaga
 Regional Defence Council of Aragon 1936–1937 Fraga (until December 1936)
Caspe (from December 1936)
  Interprovincial Council of Santander, Palencia and Burgos 1937 Santander
Free City of Asch 1938 Asch France
 Autonomous Land of Slovakia 1938-1939 Bratislava Slovakia
  Second Czechoslovak Republic Prague Czechia & Slovakia
  Military Administration in Poland 1939 Warsaw Poland
  Carpatho-Ukraine Khust Ukraine
  National Legionary State 1940-1941 Bucharest Romania
  Provisional Popular Revolutionary Government of Chechnya-Ingushetia[64] 1941-1944 Galanchozh Russia A provisional government established by Chechen ex-communist intellectual Hasan Israilov during the 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya
  Ukrainian National Government 1941 Lviv Ukraine
  Republic of Užice[65] Užice Serbia
  Provisional Government of Lithuania Vilnius Lithuania
  French Governmental Commission for the Defense of National Interests[66] Sigmaringen Castle France
  Italian Corsica 1942-1943 Ajaccio
  Bihać Republic Bihać Serbia
  German-occupied territory of Montenegro 1943-1944 Cetinje Montenegro
 Belarusian Central Council Minsk Belarus
  German occupation of Albania Tirana Albania
  Polish Committee of National Liberation 1944 Warsaw Poland
  Free Republic of Vercors[67] Vassieux-en-Vercors France
  Republic of Alto Monferrato Nizza Monferrato Italy
  Republic of Bobbio Bobbio
  Independent Macedonia Skopje Macedonia
Second Republic of Pińczów Pińczów Poland
 Republic of Ossola Ossola Italy
 Republic of Alba Alba
Republic of the Taro Valley Compile
 Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France Brussels Belgium
  Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland 1944–1945 Warsaw (de jure)
Lublin (de facto) 		Poland
  Provisional National Government of Hungary Budapest Hungary
  Flensburg Government 1945 Flensburg Germany
 Greater Hesse 1945-1946 Wiesbaden
  Enclave of Police Police Poland
 State of Hanover 1946 Hanover Germany
 Faroe Islands Tórshavn Denmark
  Republic of Rose Island[68] 1968 None Italy
Republic of Sbarre Centrali 1970-1971 Reggio Calabria
  Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration 1974-1975 Nicosia Northern Cyprus
  National Salvation Junta 1974–1975 Lisbon Portugal
 Free Republic of Wendland 1980 N/A Germany
  Czechoslovak Federative Republic 1990 Prague Czechia & Slovakia
  Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic 1990-1991 Tiraspol Moldova
 SAO Bosanska Krajina Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
 SAO Krajina Knin
 SAO North-East Bosnia Bijeljina
 SAO Northern Bosnia Doboj
 SAO Romanija Pale
 SAO Herzegovina Trebinje
 SAO Ozren-Posavina Orašje
  SAO Birač ?
  Polish National-Territorial Region Naujoji Vilnia Lithuania
  Dubrovnik Republic 1991-1992 Dubrovnik Croatia
  Ilirida 1992 Tetovo Macedonia
 Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan 1998-1999 Kadar Russia An Islamist political entity established in the Buynaksky District, Dagestan during the War in Dagestan
  Tatarstan 2008 Kazan Russia
Gezi Park Commune 2013 Gezi Park Turkey
  Republic of Crimea 2014 Simferopol Ukraine
  Second Republic of Ilirida Tetovo Macedonia
  Odessa People's Republic Odesa Ukraine
  Kharkov People's Republic[69] Kharkiv
  Republic of Stakhanov 2014-2015 Stakhanov
  Novorossiya Donetsk & Luhansk
  Third Catalan Republic[70] 2017 Barcelona Spain
  Kherson 2022 Kherson Ukraine
  Zaporozhye Melitopol

North America

edit
Name Date Capital Now Part Of Notes
Trans-Oconee Republic 1794 ? United States
  Republic of West Florida[71][72][73] 1810 St. Francisville
Republic of South Haiti Port-au-Prince Hati and Dominican Republic
  Republic of East Florida 1812 Amelia Island United States
 First Republic of Texas[74][75][76] 1812-1813 San Antonio
  Northern America 1813 Chilpancingo Mexico
  Republic of the Floridas 1817 Fernandina Beach United States
  Republic of Texas 1819 Nacogdoches
  Republic of Spanish Haiti 1821–1822 Santo Domingo Hati
  United Provinces of Central America[77] 1823-1824 Guatemala City Central America
  Provisional Government of Mexico Mexico City Mexico
  Republic of Madawaska[78] 1827 ? Canada
  Republic of Canada 1837–1838 Navy Island
  Republic of Lower Canada[79] 1838 Napierville
  Republic of the Rio Grande[80] 1840 Laredo United States
Republic of the Sierra Madre ? Mexico
Republic of Tabasco 1841, 1845 & 1846 Villahermosa Mexico
  State of Deseret 1846 Salt Lake City United States
  California Republic ?
  State of Los Altos[81] 1848–1849 Quetzaltenango Guatemala
  The Great Republic of Rough and Ready[82] 1850 Rough and Ready United States
  Republic of Sonora 1853–1854 La Paz Mexico
  Republic of Baja California
  Palmetto Republic 1861 Columbia United States
  Alabama Republic Montgomery
  Republic of Louisiana Baton Rouge, Opelousas, Shreveport
 North Carolina Raleigh
 Tennessee Nashville
 Mississippi Jackson
 Virginia Richmond
Kingdom of Callaway Fulton
  Republic of Puerto Rico 1868 & 1898 Lares
  Provisional Government of Saskatchewan[83] 1885 Batoche Canada
  United States of Central America 1898 Amapala Central America
  Republic of Tule[84][85] 1925 Gaigirgordub Panama
McDonald Territory[86] 1961-1962 Anderson United States
Provisional Government of the Republic of Texas c.1996-1997 ? United States Group started by Richard Lance "Rick" McLaren that had a presence in the Davis Mountain Resort. See Davis Mountain Resort hostage crisis

Oceania

edit
Name Date Capital Now Part Of
Australian Empire 1804 Castle Hill, New South Wales Australia
  Independent Commune of Franceville[87] 1889–1890 Port Vila Vanutu
  Provisional Government of Hawaii 1893–1894 Honolulu United States
  Republic of Minerva[88][89] 1972 none Tonga
  Tanna Nation 1974 Lenakel Vanuatu
  Republic of the North Solomons 1975–1976 Arawa Papua New Guinea
  People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu 1977–1978 Port Vila Vanutu
  Tafea Nation 1980 Lenakel
  Republic of Vemerana Luganville
N'Makiaute[90][91] Lakatoro
 Republic of Rotuma[92] 1987–1988 Ituʻtiʻu Fiji
  Republic of West Melanesia 1988 Jayapura Indonesia

South America

edit
Name Date Capital Now Part Of
  Supreme Junta 1810 Caracas Venezuela
  First Republic of Venezuela[93] 1811–1812 Valencia
  Second Republic of Venezuela 1813–1814 Caracas
  Pernambuco 1817 Recife Brazil
  Republic of Entre Ríos 1820–1821 Concepción del Uruguay Argentina
  Republic of Tucumán 1820–1821 San Miguel de Tucumán
 Zulia 1821 Maracaibo Venezuela
  Protectorate of Peru 1821–1822 Lima Peru
 Independent Republic of Hualqui[94][95] 1823 Hualqui Chile
  Confederation of the Equator[96][97] 1824 Recife? Brazil
  State of Upper Peru 1825 La Paz Bolivia
  Republic of Bolivar
  Republic of Alto Perú 1828
  United Government of Casanare 1830-1831 Pore Colombia
 Peruvian Republic 1837 Lima & Arequipa Peru
  Bahia Republic 1837-1838 Salvador Brazil
  Peruvian Republic 1838–1839 Lima Peru
  Juliana Republic[98] 1839 Laguna Brazil
  Provisional Government of Atacama 1859 Copiapo Chile
  Sovereign State of Quindío 1860 Cartago Colombia
  Transatlantic Republic of Mato Grosso 1892 Corumba Brazil
  Manhuassu Republic 1896 Manhuassu, Minas Gerais
Federal State of Loreto [99] Iquitos Peru
Jungle Nation 1899–1900 Moyobamba
  Republic of Acre 1903 Porto Acre Brazil
Republic of Arauca 1916-1917 Arauca Columbia
  Third Federal State of Loreto 1921-1922 Iquitos Peru & Ecuador
  Socialist Republic of Chile 1932 Santiago Chile
  State of Maracaju Campo Grande Brazil
  State of São Paulo[100] São Paulo
  Socialist Republic of Brazil 1935 Rio de Janeiro
  State Union of Jeová[101] 1952-1953 Cotaxé
Provisional Government Committee of Rupununi 1969 Lethem Guyana
  Military Administration of the Malvinas, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands 1982 Puerto Argentino United Kingdom
Republic of Airrecú 1993 ? Nicaragua

Antartica

edit
Name Date Capital Now Part Of Description
  Yamato Yukihara 1912 N/A Ross Dependency An unrecognised Japanese Antarctic claim made by Imperial Japanese Army Lieutenant Nobu Shirase, spanning the entirety of the Ross Ice Shelf, but was not recognised by the Japanese government.

See also

edit

References

edit
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Category:Lists of countries Category:Former unrecognized countries

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