The drum major backbend is an elaborate salute performed by drum majors in many American university marching bands. It is executed prior to college football games as one of the rituals engaging the audience's consent[clarification needed] for the athletic contest that follows. It is distinct from the gymnastics maneuver of the same name.
Cultural significance
editFolklorist Danille Lindquist has described the drum major backbend, and the audience reaction that accompanies it in the form of cheering and applause, as part of a series of rituals associated with college football designed to seek and elicit popular consent for the staging of the athletic contest that follows.[1]
Use
editDrum major backbends are executed by bending the body backwards to be parallel to the ground and at a low enough depth so as to touch the top of the headgear to the field, without the knees also touching.[2] They are particularly associated with marching bands of historically black colleges and universities (HBCU), but are also widely performed elsewhere.[2]
The Ohio State University Marching Band (OSUMB) began executing a drum major backbend in the late 1950s with Lenny Hart being the first such person to do so.[3] In 2016, OSUMB drum major Nate MacMaster described the backbend to Rolling Stone as the "most crucial moment" of game day.[4] In the 1960s, the drum major of the University of Michigan Marching Band began performing a backbend, which was modified to a more elaborate backbend in 1993 by then drum major Matthew Pickus.[5] This later version was achieved by removing the busby, thereby forcing an inversion of the spine so that the head comes into direct contact with the ground.[5] According to the University of Michigan, Pickus began removing his busby after a fan criticized the depth of one of his previous backbends.[5]
In addition to HBCUs, Ohio State University, and the University of Michigan, other marching bands whose drum majors perform a backbend include the University of Illinois Marching Illini, the University of Minnesota, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Iowa, Michigan State University, Indiana University, the University of California, Berkeley, the University of Cincinnati, and others.[2][6][7][8]
OU "strut"
editThe drum major of the University of Oklahoma (OU) uses a highly modified backbend that involves only a partial inversion of the torso, held in place while simultaneously executing an elongated and affected fast walk across the field, known as "the strut".[9] According to an OU drum major, up until 1984 "the strut" would be performed with a complete inversion so that the head touched the field.[10]
Gallery
edit-
A Michigan State University drum major performing a backbend. -
Two drum majors of Savannah State University perform simultaneous backbends. -
The Southern University drum major performs a backbend. -
The University of Michigan drum major performs a backbend in 2015.
See also
edit- The ludi and munus, a performance preceding gladiator contests in Rome
- Texas dip, a form of public prostration performed by debutantes in Texas
References
edit- ^ Lindquist, Danille (Autumn 2006). ""Locating" the Nation: Football Game Day and American Dreams in Central Ohio". Journal of American Folklore. 119 (474): 444–488. doi:10.2307/4137650. JSTOR 4137650.
- ^ a b c Gell, Elizabeth (November 22, 2013). "Get Pumped for College Game Day". Halftime Magazine. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ^ Foster, Emily (2014). The Ohio State University District: A Neighborhood History. Arcadia. p. 32. ISBN 978-1625850324.
- ^ Thompson, John (January 7, 2016). "Sex, Scandal and the Marching Band: Inside the New Rules at Ohio State". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ^ a b c Freed, Ben (November 25, 2015). "Did You Know? The Michigan Marching Band backbend". Ann Arbor News. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ^ Cooke, Shawn (October 24, 2014). "Bend, but no snap: The logistics behind a successful Pitt Band show". Pitt News. University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ^ Wundram, Bill (October 22, 1994). "It's a Blast". Quad City Times. Retrieved March 23, 2018.(subscription required)
- ^ Lourm, Jake (October 17, 2015). "Michigan fans pack Diag for 'College GameDay'". Dallas Morning News. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ^ "7 Things You (Maybe) Don't Know About the Pride of Oklahoma". ou.edu. University of Oklahoma. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ^ "Sooner Celebrity". OU Daily. University of Oklahoma. September 20, 2004. Retrieved March 24, 2018.