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Marquess of Huntly

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Marquess of Huntly is a title in the Peerage of Scotland that was created on 17 April 1599[1] for George Gordon, 6th Earl of Huntly. It is the oldest existing marquessate in Scotland, and the second-oldest in the British Isles; only the English marquessate of Winchester is older. The Marquess holds the following subsidiary titles: Lord Gordon of Strathaven and Glenlivet and Earl of Aboyne (1660; Peerage of Scotland), and Baron Meldrum, of Morven in the County of Aberdeen (1815; Peerage of the United Kingdom).[hun 1]

Marquessate of Huntly
Arms: Quarterly: 1st, Azure, three Boars' Heads couped Or, langued Gules (for Gordon); 2nd, Or, three Lion's Heads erased Gules, langued Azure (for Badenoch); 3rd, Or, three Crescents within a Double-Tressure flory counterflory Gules (for Seton); 4th, Azure, three Cinquefoils Argent (for Fraser). Crest: Out of a Ducal Coronet Or, a Stag's Head and Neck affronty proper, attired with ten Tynes Or. Supporters: On either side a Greyhound Argent, gorged with a Collar Gules, charged with three Buckles Or.
Creation date17 April 1599
Created byKing James VI
PeeragePeerage of Scotland
First holderGeorge Gordon, 6th Earl of Huntly
Present holderGranville Gordon, 13th Marquess of Huntly
Heir apparentAlastair Gordon, Earl of Aboyne
Remainder tothe 1st Marquess's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Subsidiary titlesEarl of Huntly
Earl of Enzie
Earl of Aboyne
Lord Gordon of Badenoch
Lord Gordon of Strathavon and Glenlivet
Baron Meldrum
StatusExtant
Seat(s)Aboyne Castle
Former seat(s)Huntly Castle
MottoBYDAND (Remaining)
ANIMO NON ASTUTIA (By courage not by stratagem)

Early family history

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The Gordon family descends from Sir Adam Gordon of Huntly, killed at the Battle of Humbleton Hill in 1402 and succeeded in his estates by his daughter Elizabeth Gordon, wife of Alexander Seton, who assumed the surname of Gordon for himself and "all his heirs male." He was created Earl of Huntly in the Peerage of Scotland in 1445 and was succeeded by his son,[1] the second Earl, who served as Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1498 to 1501. His younger son, the Hon. Adam Gordon, married Elizabeth, suo jure Countess of Sutherland. Their grandson, John Gordon, succeeded his grandmother in the earldom in 1535 (see Earl of Sutherland for further history about this branch of the family).

Lord Huntly's elder son, the third Earl, was a member of the Council of Regency in 1517. He was succeeded by his grandson, the fourth Earl, Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1546 to 1562, who was killed in the latter year, and in 1563 an Act of Attainder was passed through Parliament with all his titles forfeited. His eldest surviving son, George Gordon, was condemned to death for treason in 1563 but later pardoned. He obtained a reversal of his father's attainder in 1567 and served as Lord Chancellor of Scotland.[citation needed]

George Gordon, became the 1st Marquess, he was the son of the 5th earl; born in 1562, educated in France as a Roman Catholic. He was part of a plot to conspire against King James VI. He worked as captain of the guard of Holyrood before the discovery of treason. He went about clan feuds and started a private war, this inspired the ballad The Bonnie Earl O' Moray. He was succeeded by his son.[1] Earl of Enzie and Marquess of Huntly in the Peerage of Scotland. His son was raised protestant in England; in the civil war he became a royalist and in 1647 was given a pardon for his actions, yet later beheaded. He was succeeded by his elder son, the second Marquess.[1][2]

17th century onward

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In 1632, four years before his father's death, the seventh Earl was created Viscount Aboyne in the Peerage of Scotland in his own right, with remainder that the title should be passed on to his second son the Hon. James Gordon on his death or on the death of his father, whichever came first.[citation needed]

When he died two years later the titles passed to his son, the third Marquess. In 1661 the attainder of 1649 was revoked by Act of Parliament. In 1684 Lord Huntly was created Lord Badenoch, Lochaber, Strathavon, Balmore, Auchindoun, Garthie and Kincardine, Viscount of Inverness, Earl of Huntly and Enzie and Duke of Gordon. All four titles were in the Peerage of Scotland. He was succeeded by his son, the second Duke. He was a supporter of the Old Pretender. Gordon married Lady Henrietta, daughter of Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough and 8th Baron Mordaunt. Their eldest son, the third Duke, sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer from 1747 to 1752. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the fourth Duke. Known as "Cock o' the North", he was a Scottish Representative Peer from 1767 to 1784 and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire and as Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. In 1784 he was created Baron Gordon of Huntley, in the County of Gloucester, and Earl of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, in the Peerage of Great Britain. Gordon's great-grandfather, the first Duke, was the husband of Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Lord Henry Howard, who had been created Baron Howard of Castle Rising in 1669 and Earl of Norwich in 1672. The earldom of Norwich had become extinct on the death of the fourth Earl (also the ninth Duke of Norfolk) in 1777 and was now revived in Gordon's favour. In 1819 Gordon also inherited the barony of Mordaunt through his grandmother.[citation needed]

His son, the fifth Duke, was a general in the Army and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire and as Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. In 1807 he was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Gordon of Huntley. Gordon died without legitimate issue in 1836 when the dukedom and remaining titles created in 1684 as well as the titles created in 1784 became extinct. The barony of Mordaunt fell into abeyance between his sisters. Gordon's eldest sister, Lady Charlotte Gordon, inherited the Gordon estates. Her son Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond, assumed the additional surname of Gordon. In 1875, the dukedom of Gordon was revived when his son Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond, was made Duke of Gordon in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (see the Duke of Richmond for further history of these titles). The Duke of Gordon was succeeded in the marquessate of Huntly by his kinsman George Gordon, 5th Earl of Aboyne, who became the ninth Marquess (see the Earl of Aboyne for earlier history of this branch of the family). However, the House of Lords did not allow his claims to the lordship of Gordon of Badenoch and earldom of Enzie (although they had been created at the same time as the marquessate) while his claim to the ancient earldom of Huntly was also overlooked. Lord Huntly, who also held the subsidiary title of Lord Gordon of Strahaven and Glenlivet, had earlier been a Scottish Representative Peer from 1796 to 1807. In 1815 he had been created Baron Meldrum, of Morven in the County of Aberdeen, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[citation needed]

 
Huntly Castle, the former seat of the Marquesses of Huntly

He was succeeded by his son, the tenth Marquess. He represented East Grinstead and Huntingdonshire in the House of Commons and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire. His eldest son, the eleventh Marquess, was a Liberal politician and served briefly under William Ewart Gladstone as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms in 1881. He was succeeded by his great-nephew, the twelfth Marquess. He was the son of Lieutenant-Colonel (Granville Cecil) Douglas Gordon (1883–1930), son of Granville Armyn Gordon (1856–1907), sixth son of the tenth Marquess. As of 2013 the titles are held by the twelfth Marquess' son, Granville Charles Gomer Gordon, 13th Marquess of Huntly, 9th Earl of Aboyne, 9th Lord Gordon of Strathavon and Glenlivet and 5th Baron Meldrum, who succeeded in 1987. He is Chief of Clan Gordon.[citation needed]

Before the passing of the Peerage Act 1963, which granted all Scottish peers a seat in the House of Lords, the Marquesses of Huntly sat in the House of Lords in virtue of their junior title of Baron Meldrum, which was in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[citation needed]

Other family members

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Several other members of the Gordon family have also gained distinction. Lord John Gordon, younger son of the first Marquess, was created Viscount Melgum in 1627. However, he perished in the Fire of Frendraught and thus, the title became extinct in 1630.[3] Lord Adam Gordon (died 1801), younger son of the second Duke, was a general in the Army. Lord William Gordon (1744–1823), second son of the third Duke, was a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy. Lord George Gordon, third and youngest son of the third Duke, sat as Member of Parliament for Ludgershall but is best remembered as the instigator of the Gordon Riots. Charles Gordon (1798–1878), illegitimate son of the fifth Duke, was an admiral in the Royal Navy. Lord John Frederick Gordon (1799–1878), third son of the ninth Marquess, was an admiral in the Royal Navy. He married Lady Augusta Fitzclarence, daughter of King William IV by his mistress Dorothy Jordan. Laurence George Frank Gordon (1864–1943), grandson of Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Francis Arthur Gordon (1808–1857), sixth son of the ninth Marquess, was a brigadier-general in the Army. Lord Douglas Gordon, fourth son of the tenth Marquess, was Member of Parliament for Huntingdon.[citation needed]

The family seat is Aboyne Castle.[4] The family also previously owned Huntly Castle, Huntly, Aberdeenshire.[citation needed]

Earls of Huntly (1445)

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The Marquess of Huntly's House on the Canongate - now part of Huntly House Museum

Marquesses of Huntly (1599)

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Dukes of Gordon (1684)

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Marquesses of Huntly (1599; Reverted)

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The heir apparent is the present holder's only son, Alastair Gordon, Earl of Aboyne (born 1973).

The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son Cosmo Alistair Gordon, Lord Strathavon (b. 2009).

Succession and family tree

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Line of succession (simplified)[5]
  •   Charles Gordon, 10th Marquess of Huntly (1792–1863)
    • Lord Granville Armyne Gordon (1856–1907)
      • Granville Cecil Douglas Gordon (1883–1930)
        •   Douglas Gordon, 12th Marquess of Huntly (1908–1987)
          •   Granville Gordon, 13th Marquess of Huntly (born 1944)
            • (1). Alastair Gordon, Earl of Aboyne (born 1973)
              • (2). Cosmo Gordon, Lord Strathavon and Glenlivet (born 2009)
        • Lord Adam Granville Gordon (1909–1984)
          • Adam Alexander Gordon (1948–2011)
            • (3). Alexander Charles Adam Gordon (born 1989)
          • (4). Douglas Herriot Gordon (born 1951)
            • (5). James Adam Anthony Gordon (born 1991)
        • Lord Roderic Amyne Gordon (1914–1996)
          • male issue and descendants in remainder
        • Lord Douglas Claude Alexander Gordon (1916–1994)
          • male issue and descendants in remainder

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The current Marquess may or may not also hold the subsidiary titles: Earl of Huntley (1445), Earl of Enzie and Lord Gordon of Badenoch (1599) all in the Peerage of Scotland. He is entitled to these per their remainders, but the House of Lords denied the 9th Marquess's accession to those titles.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d (Chisholm 1911, pp. 954–955)
  2. ^ "Lewis Gordon, 3rd Marquess of Huntly". geni.com.
  3. ^ Chambers' Homebook; or Pocket Miscellany containing a choice selection of interesting and instructive reading for the old and the young (5th ed.). Boston: Gould and Lincoln. 1853.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ^ "Aboyne castle". scotland.org.uk. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  5. ^ Morris, Susan; Bosberry-Scott, Wendy; Belfield, Gervase, eds. (2019). "Huntly, Marquess of". Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 1 (150th ed.). London: Debrett's Ltd. pp. 1912–1917. ISBN 978-1-999767-0-5-1.

Sources

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Further reading

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