Wikipedia

Edmund de Waal

Edmund Arthur Lowndes de Waal, CBE (born 10 September 1964) is an English contemporary artist, potter and author. He is known for his large-scale installations of porcelain vessels often created in response to collections and archives or the history of a particular place.[1] De Waal's book The Hare with Amber Eyes[2] was awarded the Costa Book Award for Biography, Royal Society of Literature Ondaatje Prize in 2011 and Windham–Campbell Literature Prize for Non-Fiction in 2015.[3][4] De Waal's second book The White Road, tracing his journey to discover the history of porcelain was released in 2015.[5]

Edmund de Waal
CBE
de Waal in 2013
Born (1964-09-10) 10 September 1964 (age 60)
Nottingham, United Kingdom
NationalityBritish
EducationThe King's School, Canterbury
University of Cambridge
University of Sheffield
Known forartist and writer
AwardsCBE
Windham-Campbell Literature Prize

He lives and works in London, England.[6]

Early life

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De Waal was born in Nottingham, England,[7] the son of Esther Aline (née Lowndes-Moir), a renowned historian and expert in Celtic mythology and Victor de Waal, a chaplain of the University of Nottingham who later became the Dean of Canterbury Cathedral. His grandfather was Hendrik de Waal, a Dutch businessman who moved to England. His paternal grandmother Elisabeth and great grandfather Viktor von Ephrussi were members of the Ephrussi family, a history of which was chronicled in The Hare with Amber Eyes.[2] Elisabeth de Waal's first novel, The Exiles Return, was published by Persephone Books in 2013. De Waal's siblings include barrister John de Waal (husband of author Kit de Waal),[8] Alex de Waal who is director of the World Peace Foundation, and Caucasus expert Thomas de Waal.

Education and early ceramic work

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De Waal's interest in ceramics began aged five when he took an evening class at the Lincoln School of Art,[9] this early introduction to pottery influenced de Waal's later enthusiasm for pursuing an art practice based in ceramics.[10][11][12]

De Waal was educated at The King's School, Canterbury, where he was taught pottery by the potter Geoffrey Whiting (1919-1988), a student of Bernard Leach.[13] At 17, de Waal began a two-year apprenticeship with Whiting, deferring his entry into University of Cambridge.[11][14] During the apprenticeship de Waal made hundreds of earthenware and stoneware pots, such as casseroles and honey pots.[11] In 1983, de Waal took up his place at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, to read English. He was awarded a scholarship in 1983 and graduated with first class honours in 1986.[15]

Following graduation, de Waal began to follow the discipline of British studio pottery, to create inexpensive domestic pots with good earth-tone colours.[11] He moved to Herefordshire where he built a kiln and set up a pottery making functional stoneware pots in the Leach tradition, but the enterprise was not financially successful.[11][5] In 1988, de Waal moved to inner-city Sheffield and began experimenting with working in porcelain.[14][2][5]

In 1990 de Waal obtained a Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation Scholarship, under which he spent a year obtaining a post-graduate diploma in Japanese language at Sheffield University[15] and continued an additional year's study.[2] Whilst studying in Japan at the Mejiro Ceramics studio de Waal also worked on a monograph of Bernard Leach, researching his papers and journals in the archive room of the Japanese Folk Crafts Museum.[16] During this time de Waal began to make series of porcelain jars with pushed-in, gestural sides, arranged in groups and sequences.

Art and ceramics

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Teapot, 1997 – an early work in porcelain by de Waal

On returning to Britain in 1993, de Waal settled in London[14] and began making his distinctive ceramics, porcelain with a celadon glaze. Focusing on essentially classical vessel shapes but with the inclusion of indentations or pinches and subtle variations in tone and texture in the style de Waal began while in Japan, these pots slowly gained the attention of the British craft industry leading to his first exhibition at Egg London in 1995.[17]

 
black milk, 2015, in situ at Edmund de Waal's London Studio

Throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s de Waal's ceramic practice became heavily influenced by modernism, the Bauhaus movement in particular. This led to de Waal's belief that the East and West may meet in the materiality of porcelain; for example, the ethos of China's Song dynasty may encounter the modernist ethos of the Bauhaus.[18]

In the years since 2000 de Waal has moved away from making and exhibiting single domestic use vessels to the production of groups of vessels and objects to be viewed in relation to openings and spaces, later moving into predominately wall-mounted and freestanding vitrines filled with varying multitudes of his porcelain vessels, and most recently the addition of different kinds of metals, metallic gilding, porcelain shards and sheets of porcelain with embossed handwriting.[19] In a 2017 interview conducted in preparation for de Waal's exhibition at Artipelag, Sweden, de Waal explained his artistic process and attraction to porcelain as a material:

when I need to make something I'm often mesmerised or haunted by an idea or by a piece of poetry. A line from poetry, a word sometimes, or a piece of music, or a space that I've been thinking about, a particular place that I want to kind of question by making something for it. So, there are all these different possibilities when I begin. I am grounded in history, the history and culture of the materials I use, this extraordinary two-thousand-year history of porcelain. I don't use this material lightly. It’s not a light material. It's got incredible resonance, incredible power.[20]

 
Lichtzwang, 2014. Installed in the Theseus Temple, Vienna.

In 2013 BBC One broadcast an Imagine documentary following de Waal for a year as he prepared for his debut New York exhibition, Atemwende at Gagosian Gallery; titled and inspired by a poetry collection from the German émigré poet Paul Celan.[21][22]

De Waal discussed the influence of music and sound on his art practice in various interviews, including the BBC Radio 3 programme Private Passions,[23] BBC Desert Island Discs[24] and in a 2017 interview, de Waal mentioned, "I am obviously on some spectrum where for me objects do actually have very powerful sound. I do literally hear them when I put them out."[20] In addition, de Waal plays recorded music aloud in his studio while making and assembling his work, that this provides "a landscape for [him] to be in" when working.[25][20] De Waal has collaborated with musicians on various projects, including Psalm, in 2015 by the Scottish composer Martin Suckling with the Aurora Orchestra; and an atmospheric sound piece by Simon Fisher Turner as a part of the 2017 Schindler House exhibition.[26][27]

 
on the properties of fire, 2012. Installed at Waddesdon Manor, Buckinghamshire.

De Waal has exhibited major installations at Chatsworth, Kettle's Yard, Tate Britain, Fitzwilliam Museum, Southwark Cathedral, Kunsthistorisches Museum (including a commission for the Theseus Temple in the Volksgarten, Vienna), and the Victoria and Albert Museum.

In 2012 he received his first outdoor public art commission, for the Alison Richard Building at the Sidgwick Site of the University of Cambridge, where he created A Local History, consisting of three vitrines filled with porcelain to sit beneath the pavement surrounding the building.[28]  In 2015 de Waal curated the exhibition White in the Royal Academy of Arts Library and Print Room. The "project ... sets objects in dialogue with one another and with the spaces around them"[29] and included works by Ai Weiwei, Kazimir Malevich's Suprematist Teapot and J. M. W. Turner's porcelain palette. In September 2016 de Waal collaborated with the artist Ai Weiwei to co-curate an exhibition, Kneaded Knowledge: The Language of Ceramics at the National Gallery in Prague and Kunsthaus Graz exploring the history of clay. The exhibition featured works by both artists and from other prominent artists working in ceramics, including Pablo Picasso, Lucio Fontana, Isamu Noguchi, Lucie Rie and Peter Voulkos.[30]

Since 2016 de Waal has continued his interest in working with arts and cultural institutions in installing his work in relationship and dialogue with existing museum collections such as the Frick Collection, historical architectural spaces such as Schindler House and the Ateneo Veneto; and engagement with Jewish museums in both Venice and Vienna.[31][32] De Waal make his Royal Ballet debut in the 2017–18 Season designing Wayne McGregor’s new ballet, Yugen, at the Royal Opera House. Set to The Chichester Psalms, the production formed part of a programme celebrating the centenary of Leonard Bernstein's birth.[33][34][35]

De Waal is a patron of Paintings in Hospitals, a charity providing art for health and social care in England, Wales and Northern Ireland,[36] and from 2015 to 2020 de Waal was a trustee of the National Saturday Club, an educational charity for young people.[37] In 2018, de Waal was re-appointed to the Royal Mint Advisory Committee for another term of five years.[38] From 2004 to 2011, de Waal was professor of Ceramics at the University of Westminster; and a trustee of the Victoria & Albert Museum, London from 2011 to 2019.[7][39][40] De Waal has been a trustee of the Gilbert Trust since 2013 and in 2020 became a co-opted member of the V&A Museum of Childhood.[41][42]

Writing

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The Hare with Amber Eyes. Netsuke. Masatoshi, Osaka, c. 1880, signed. Ivory, amber buffalo horn. Former Ephrussi Collection, today descendant Edmund de Waal. Shown at a special exhibition in November 2016 with De Waal at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.

In 1998, De Waal published a monograph on Bernard Leach, with research collected while studying in Japan.[43] The book challenges the public understanding of Leach as the great and original interlocutor for Japan and the East as the 20th-century potter who translated the mystery of the East to audiences in the West. De Waal's research into Leach in Japan revealed that he predominantly associated himself with Western-educated Japanese people, did not speak Japanese and studied only a narrow range of traditional Japanese ceramics. Due to Leach's status in the West as the "Father of British studio ceramics" and the influence of his Eastern techniques and philosophy, De Waal's views attracted criticism from some of Leach's followers.[44]

In 2010, de Waal's family memoir, The Hare with Amber Eyes: a Hidden Inheritance, was published, first by Chatto & Windus in the UK and later by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in New York City. The book traces the history of de Waal's Jewish relatives (from his paternal grandmother, Elisabeth), the wealthy and influential Ephrussi family, by telling stories surrounding a collection of 264 Japanese netsuke – miniature ivory and wood sculptures traditionally used as toggles on men's kimono, to attach carrying pouches. The collection of netsuke were originally purchased by Charles Ephrussi in Paris in the 1870s, and were handed down through the generations and eventually given to de Waal by his great-uncle Ignace "Iggie" Ephrussi, who settled in Tokyo after the Second World War.[45] The book received critical acclaim, and brought de Waal the Costa Book Award for biography in 2010, as well as the Galaxy New Writer of the Year Book Award[46] and the Royal Society of Literature's Ondaatje Prize.[45] It has sold over a million copies and has been published in more than 25 languages.[47]

The Ephrussis. Travel in Time, an exhibition surrounding the story of the Ephrussi family told by de Waal in his family memoir The Hare with Amber Eyes, tracing their history from Odessa to Paris and Vienna; then to their migration as refugees as the Second World War forced them to seek asylum in the United Kingdom, the US and Mexico, and onto Japan and other countries, opened at the Jewish Museum Vienna in November 2019.[48][49]

De Waal's second book, The White Road, was published by Chatto & Windus in 2015 and was aired on BBC Radio 4's Book of the Week. It follows de Waal's journey to discover the history of porcelain, from porcelain first made in the hills of Jingdezhen in China to the first makers of English porcelain, William Cookworthy and Josiah Wedgwood; and the development of porcelain manufacture in Dresden in the early 18th century during the reign of Augustus the Strong, ruler of Saxony, by Johann Friedrich Böttger and Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus and later in Nazi Germany the porcelain manufacture Allach, a project by Heinrich Himmler, run by the SS with forced labour provided by the Dachau concentration camp.[5]

De Waal's third book, Letters to Camondo, was published by Chatto & Windus in May 2021.

Major exhibitions and installations

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Awards and honours

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De Waal was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2011 Birthday Honours for services to art, and promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to the arts.[7][104][105]

Bibliography

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Books

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  • Letters to Camondo London: Chatto & Windus. 2021. ISBN 9781784744311
  • The White Road. London / New York: Chatto & Windus / Farrar, Straus & Giroux. 2015. ISBN 978-0-701187705
  • Edmund de Waal. London: Phaidon Press. 2014. ISBN 978-0-714867038
  • The Pot Book. with Claudia Clare: London: Phaidon Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-714847993
  • The Hare with Amber Eyes: a hidden inheritance. London / New York: Chatto & Windus / Farrar, Straus & Giroux. 2010. ISBN 978-0099539551
  • Rethinking Bernard Leach: Studio Pottery and Contemporary Ceramics, with Kenji Kaneko. Kyoto: Shibunkaku Publishing. 2007.[106] ISBN 9784784213597
  • 20th Century Ceramics. London: Thames and Hudson. 2003. ISBN 978-0-500203712
  • Design Sourcebook: Ceramics. London: New Holland Publishers. 1999. ISBN 9781780091334
  • Bernard Leach. London: Tate Publishing. 1998.[107] ISBN 978-1-849760430

Catalogues

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  • elective affinities. New York, USA. The Frick Collection. 2019. ISBN 9780912114774
  • breath. Madrid, Spain. Ivorypress. 2019.[108]
  • wavespeech. Bath, UK: Wunderkammer Press. 2018. ISBN 978-0-9935511-1-6
  • Edmund de Waal / Morandi. Stockholm, Sweden: Artipelag. 2017. ISBN 978-91-980428-9-4
  • Kneaded Knowledge. Cologne, Austria: Universalmuseum Joanneum, Graz. 2016. ISBN 978-3-96098-031-5
  • During the Night. Vienna, Austria: Kunsthistorisches Museum. 2016. ISBN 978-3-99020-122-0
  • Irrkunst. Berlin, Germany: Galerie Max Hetzler. 2016. ISBN 978-3-935567-88-6
  • ten thousand things. Beverly Hills, CA: Gagosian Gallery. 2016. ISBN 978-0-8478-4926-0[109]
  • atmosphere. Margate, UK: Turner Contemporary. 2014. ISBN 978-1938748011
  • Atemwende. New York: Gagosian Gallery. 2013. ISBN 978-1935263852
  • a thousand hours. London: Alan Cristea Gallery. 2012.
  • Edmund de Waal at Waddesdon Manor. Buckinghamshire: Waddesdon. 2012.
  • From Zero. London: Alan Cristea Gallery. 2010.
  • Signs & Wonders. London: Victoria & Albert Museum. 2009.
  • Edmund de Waal at Kettle's Yard, MIMA and elsewhere. Cambridge / Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art, Middlesbrough: Kettle’s Yard. 2007.
  • Arcanum: mapping 18th-century European porcelain. Cardiff: National Museums and Galleries of Wales. 2005.
  • Edmund de Waal: A line around a shadow. Bowness-on-Windemere: Blackwell House: The Arts & Crafts House. 2005.
  • A Secret History of Clay: From Gauguin to Gormley. Liverpool: Tate. 2004.
  • Modern Home. Dartington Hall, Devon: High Cross House. 1999.[107]

Television appearances

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References

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  1. ^ "By Design: Edmund de Waal". soane.org. 10 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d de Waal, Edmund. The Hare with Amber Eyes: A Hidden Inheritance. Vintage, 2011, pp. 1–4. ISBN 978-0-09-953955-1.
  3. ^ a b Brown, Mark (4 January 2011). "Edmund de Waal leads Costa book awards finalists". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  4. ^ "Edmund de Waal". Windham Campbell Prizes. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d de Waal, Edmund (2016). The White Road. London, United Kingdom: Vintage. pp. 94–6. ISBN 9780099575986.
  6. ^ "Profile – Resources". Edmund de Waal. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d "Edmund De Waal | Artists | Collection | British Council − Visual Arts". visualarts.britishcouncil.org. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  8. ^ "'My Name is Leon' by Kit de Waal: Tears, snot, laughter and race riots". The Irish Times.
  9. ^ "BBC Radio 4 - Front Row, Edmund de Waal; Winner of Young Musician; Hypnotic Brass Ensemble". BBC. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  10. ^ "Why craft is central - Crafts Council". craftscouncil.org.uk. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  11. ^ a b c d e "Transcript of the John Tusa interview with Edmund de Waal". BBC Radio 3. bbc.co.uk. 25 July 2005. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2017. Link for recording (available only in UK?).
  12. ^ "Edmund de Waal's Million Little Pieces". Departures. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  13. ^ Ceramics: Art and Perception, No. 54, 2003.
  14. ^ a b c Paul Laity (12 February 2011). "Edmund de Waal: A life in arts". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  15. ^ a b "Curriculum Vitae for THINK TANK". Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  16. ^ de Waal, The Hare with Amber Eyes (2011), p. 3.
  17. ^ a b "edmund de waal November 1995". egg trading. 8 August 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  18. ^ Twentieth Century Ceramics, London, Thames and Hudson, 2003.
  19. ^ 'breath', an artist's book by Edmund de Waal published by Ivorypress, 22 January 2019, archived from the original on 12 December 2021, retrieved 18 September 2019
  20. ^ a b c Edmund de Waal – interview for Artipelag, 23 May 2017, archived from the original on 12 December 2021, retrieved 18 September 2019
  21. ^ Crace, John (6 November 2013). "Imagine – Edmund De Waal: Make Pots or Die; Obsessive Compulsive Cleaners – TV review". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  22. ^ "BBC One - imagine..., Winter 2013, Edmund de Waal: Make Pots or Die". BBC. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  23. ^ "BBC Radio 3 - Private Passions, Edmund de Waal". BBC. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  24. ^ "BBC Radio 4 – Desert Island Discs, Edmund de Waal". BBC. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  25. ^ "Edmund de Waal's Muse Music | Design | Agenda". Phaidon. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  26. ^ "Composition / Audio". Martin Suckling – Composer. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  27. ^ "In Conversation: Edmund de Waal and Simon Fisher Turner: Tapping the World". Gagosian Quarterly. 24 October 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  28. ^ De Waal, Edmund "A Local History" Archived 11 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. CRASSH, July 2015.
  29. ^ "white | Exhibition | Royal Academy of Arts". royalacademy.org.uk. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  30. ^ "Kneaded Knowledge. The Language of Ceramics". Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  31. ^ "Psalm by Edmund de Waal". Museo Ebraico di Venezia. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  32. ^ "The Ephrussis. Travel in Time | Jüdisches Museum Wien". jmw.at. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  33. ^ "Yugen – Making". Edmund de Waal. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  34. ^ Parsons, Elly (22 March 2018). "Edmund de Waal on creating an elemental language of movement for Wayne McGregor". Wallpaper*. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  35. ^ "Edmund de Waal — People — Royal Opera House". www.roh.org.uk. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  36. ^ "Our Patrons". Paintings in Hospitals. 3 July 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  37. ^ "People". National Saturday Club. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  38. ^ "Edmund de Waal OBE reappointed to the Royal Mint Advisory Committee". GOV.UK. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  39. ^ "New Trustees for V&A Museum". GOV.UK. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  40. ^ "V&A Board of Trustees Minutes 12 September 2019" (PDF).
  41. ^ "GILBERT TRUST FOR THE ARTS - Charity 1055853". register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
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  43. ^ De Waal, Edmund. (1998). Bernard Leach. London: Tate Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85437-227-7. OCLC 40049196.
  44. ^ de Waal, Edmund (1997). "Homo Orientalis: Bernard Leach and the Image of the Japanese Craftsman". Journal of Design History. 10 (4): 355–362. doi:10.1093/jdh/10.4.355. ISSN 0952-4649. JSTOR 1316207.
  45. ^ a b "Edmund de Waal." Contemporary Authors Online. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2016. Retrieved via Biography in Context database, 4 August 2017.
  46. ^ Agency, The Reading. "The Reading Agency | Adults | Galaxy National Book Awards". readingagency.org.uk. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  47. ^ Brooks, Richard (25 January 2015). "They are my fortune. I hate them". The Sunday Times. ISSN 0956-1382. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  48. ^ Karasz, Palko (12 November 2019). "'The Hare With Amber Eyes' Comes Home". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  49. ^ "The Ephrussis. Travel in Time | Jüdisches Museum Wien". jmw.at. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  50. ^ "Interpreting Ceramics : issue 13 - Museums and the 'Interstices of Domestic Life': Re-articulating Domestic Space in Contemporary Ceramics Practice, by Laura Gray". interpretingceramics.com. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
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  54. ^ "A line around a shadow – Making". Edmund de Waal. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  55. ^ "Vessel, perhaps – Making". Edmund de Waal. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  56. ^ "Edmund de Waal at Kettle's Yard, mima and elsewhere – Making". Edmund de Waal. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
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  59. ^ "Edmund de Waal | From Zero". Cristea Roberts Gallery. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  60. ^ "Edmund de Waal at Waddesdon". Waddesdon Manor. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  61. ^ "Potted histories". University of Cambridge. 23 January 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  62. ^ "Edmund de Waal | a thousand hours". Cristea Roberts Gallery. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  63. ^ "Edmund de Waal - On White: Porcelain Stories from the Fitzwilliam | The Fitzwilliam Museum". fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
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  65. ^ "Edmund de Waal's Atmosphere - Crafts Council". craftscouncil.org.uk. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
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  88. ^ "Edmund de Waal: cold mountain clay, Hong Kong, November 20, 2020–January 9, 2021". Gagosian. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  89. ^ "This Living Hand: Edmund de Waal presents Henry Moore". Henry Moore Foundation. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  90. ^ "Hare With Amber Eyes, Jewish Museum, New York, November 19, 2021-May 15, 2022".
  91. ^ "Edmund de Waal | Events | News". 29 November 2022.
  92. ^ "Edmund de Waal: This must be the place, 541 West 24th Street, New York, September 13–October 28, 2023". 4 October 2023.
  93. ^ Wainwright, Oliver (25 September 2024). "Occult? Try upstairs! Inside the world's weirdest library, now open to the public". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
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  96. ^ "UCA awards first round of honorary degrees". University for the Creative Arts. Archived from the original on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
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  98. ^ "Honorary graduates recognised at The University of Nottingham - The University of Nottingham". nottingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  99. ^ "Prize Citation for Edmund de Waal". Windham–Campbell Literature Prize. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  100. ^ "Roy Hodgson awarded honorary degree / yu magazine". yu magazine. 23 January 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  101. ^ Bertoli, Rosa (3 May 2017). "Trail glazing: Edmund de Waal scoops the 2017 London Craft Week Medal". Wallpaper*. Retrieved 16 September 2024. Updated 30 August 2022.
  102. ^ "Legendary Actress Rita Moreno and Internationally Acclaimed Artist Edmund de Waal Named 2019 Harman/Eisner Artists in Residence at Aspen Institute". The Aspen Institute. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  103. ^ "Edmund de Waal". Royal Society of Literature. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  104. ^ "No. 59808". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 June 2011. p. 10.
  105. ^ "No. 63377". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 June 2021. p. B10.
  106. ^ de Waal, E.; Kaneko, K. (2007). Rethinking Bernard Leach: studio pottery and contemporary ceramics (Japanese ed.). Kyoto, Japan: Shibunkaku Publishing Co. ISBN 9784784213597.
  107. ^ a b de Waal, Edmund (2014). Edmund de Waal. London: Phaidon. ISBN 978-0714867038.
  108. ^ "Edmund de Waal. breath". Ivorypress. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  109. ^ Simon, Joan. (1 January 2016). Edmund de waal: ten thousand things. [S.l.]: Rizzoli. ISBN 978-0847849260.
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