Elisa Leonida Zamfirescu (10 November 1887 – 25 November 1973) was a Romanian engineer who was one of the first women to obtain a degree in engineering.[1][2][3] She was born in the Romanian town of Galați but qualified in Berlin. During World War I she managed a hospital in Romania.
Elisa Leonida Zamfirescu | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Zamfirescu | |
| Born | Elisa Leonida 10 November 1887 |
| Died | 25 November 1973 (aged 86) |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Spouse | Constantin Zamfirescu |
| Children | 2 |
| Parents |
|
| Relatives | Dimitrie Leonida (brother) Gheorghe Leonida (brother) |
Early life and education
editElisa Zamfirescu was born in Galați, Romania, on 10 November 1887. Her father, Atanase Leonida, was a career officer while her mother, Matilda Gill, was the daughter of a French-born engineer.[2] She was one of 11 children; among her siblings were Dimitrie Leonida, also an engineer, and Gheorghe Leonida, a sculptor.
Due to prejudices against women in the sciences, Zamfirescu was rejected by the School of Bridges and Roads in Bucharest.[4] In 1909 she was accepted at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin). She graduated in 1912, with a degree in engineering.[2] It has been claimed that Zamfirescu was the world's first female engineer,[4] but Englishwoman Nina Cameron Graham[5][6] also gained a degree in civil engineering in 1912, from the University of Liverpool[7] and the Irish engineer Alice Perry graduated six years before either of them, in 1906.[8]
Career
editReturning to Romania, Zamfirescu worked as an assistant at the Geological Institute of Romania.[4] During World War I, she joined the Red Cross[9] and ran a hospital at Mărășești. In 1917 her hospital received the wounded from the Battle of Mărășești between the German and the Romanian armies.[3] It was a victory by Romania over 28 days during which there were over 12,000 Romanian and over 10,000 of the invaders who were wounded.[10]
Around this time, she met and married chemist Constantin Zamfirescu, brother of the politician and writer Duiliu Zamfirescu.[1]
After the war, Zamfirescu returned to the Geological Institute. She led several geology laboratories and participated in various field studies, including some that identified new resources of coal, shale, natural gas, chromium, bauxite and copper. Zamfirescu also taught physics and chemistry.[1]
Later life and death
editZamfirescu retired in 1963, aged 75. In retirement she was involved in activism for disarmament.[9] She died at the age of 86 on 25 November 1973.
An award for women working in science and technology was established in her name, the Premiul Elisa Leonida-Zamfirescu.[9]
Honours and awards
editZamfirescu was the first woman member of AGIR (General Association of Romanian Engineers). A street in Sector 1 of Bucharest bears her name,[9] and she was honoured with a Google Doodle on the anniversary of her birthday in 2018.[11]
References
edit- ^ a b c "The first woman-engineer in Europe". True Romania. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ a b c Marcu, George. "ROMÂNCE CARE NE FAC CINSTE: ELIZA LEONIDA-ZAMFIRESCU". Reteauakiterara.ning.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ a b Michallon, Clémence (10 November 2018) Elisa Leonida Zamfirescu: 5 things you need to know about one of the world's first female engineers. Independent.co.uk
- ^ a b c Cociuban, Anca. "Elisa Leonida Zamfirescu – First female engineer in the world". Amazing Romanians. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
- ^ "Only lady engineer (page3)". Sheffield Evening Telegraph. 9 October 1912.
- ^ "Nina Cameron Walley (Nee Graham), First Woman to Graduate in Engineering, 1912". digitalcollections.uwinnipeg.ca. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
- ^ University of Liverpool archives PUB/1/1/3/18 (1924–25 copy) University Calendar: ‘1912, Graham, Nina Cameron (Mrs C. S. Walley)’ under the category of those awarded Bachelor of Engineering degrees
- ^ Irish Architectural Archive. "PERRY, ALICE JACQUELINE". Dictionary of Irish Architects 1720–1940. Irish Architectural Archive. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d Michallon, Clémence (9 November 2018). "Elisa Leonida Zamfirescu: 5 things you should know about one of the world's first female engineers". The Independent. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- ^ "Bătălia de la Mărăşeşti, pe unde nu se trece!". Historia.ro. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- ^ "5 things you should know Elisa Leonida Zamfirescu, one of the world's first female engineers". The Independent. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
External links
edit
- "Elisa Leonida Zamfirescu" in Pioneers: Trailblazing women in the arts, sciences and society, 2019 exhibition by Europeana (CC By-SA)
- "Femeile de aur ale României. Află poveștile impresionante ale personalităților care ar putea apărea pe o bancnotă națională FOTO". Adevarul.ro. 28 October 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- Predescu, D.C. (13 September 2012). "Gălăţeni care au uimit lumea – Eliza Leonida Zamfirescu – Viaţa Liberă Galaţi". Viata-libera.ro. Retrieved 10 November 2018.