The Farasan Islands (Arabic: جزر فرسان; transliterated: Juzur Farasān) are a small group of coral islands approximately 40 km off the coast of Jizan in the Red Sea, belonging to Saudi Arabia.[2]
Native name: جزر فرسان | |
|---|---|
 Al-Rifai House built in traditional Farasani architecture | |
  Farasan Islands | |
| Geography | |
| Coordinates | 16°48′00″N 41°51′00″E / 16.80000°N 41.85000°E |
| Type | Coral |
| Total islands | 176 |
| Administration | |
| Province | Jazan Province |
| Largest city | Farasan |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 13,529 (2022)[1] |
| Additional information | |
| Time zone | |
| Postal code | 88XXX |
The government provides free ferry rides twice a day to Farasan Islands from Jizan Port. The largest island of the archipelago is Farasan Island; others include Sajid Island and Zufaf Island. The islands are a popular tourist destination. In recent years the Saudi government has tried to increase the tourism quality and worth (as part of a larger tourism drive in the country) of the Islands in order to attract even more visitors.[3]
History
editIn the 1st century AD, the islands were known as Portus Ferresanus. A Latin inscription dating from 144 AD has been found on the island which attests to the construction of a Roman garrison.
It is believed that the islands may have been attached to the Roman province of Arabia Felix, before being transferred to Aegyptus some time before 144 AD[4].
This fact would make the Farasan Islands the farthest Roman outpost (until at least the third century), being nearly 4,000 km (2,500 mi) from Rome itself[5]
It remained this way up until the Arab Muslim conquest of the islands and subsequent Islamization.[6]. Furthermore it is noteworthy to pinpoint that recent studies found that in the local language there are some loanwords from Latin.
Climate
editThe climate in the Farasan archipelago is characterised by a long hot season (April–October) and a short mild one (November–March). In the long dry period, high temperatures are usually dominant. The mean annual temperature is 30 °C. Furthermore, the mean relative humidity in winter ranges from 70% to 80% and in summer between 65% and 78%. The highest rainfall occurs in April and the precipitation is generally unpredictable in the southern part of Red Sea.[7]
| Climate data for Farasan Islands | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30 (86) |
31 (88) |
33 (91) |
35 (95) |
37 (99) |
39 (102) |
40 (104) |
39 (102) |
38 (100) |
36 (97) |
34 (93) |
31 (88) |
35 (95) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.5 (77.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
28 (82) |
30 (86) |
32 (90) |
34 (93) |
35 (95) |
34 (93) |
33 (91) |
30.5 (86.9) |
28.5 (83.3) |
26.5 (79.7) |
30.3 (86.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21 (70) |
22 (72) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
27 (81) |
29 (84) |
30 (86) |
29 (84) |
28 (82) |
25 (77) |
23 (73) |
22 (72) |
25 (78) |
| Source: https://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/saudi-arabia/farasan-islands.php | |||||||||||||
Nature
edit
The Farasan Island Marine Sanctuary is a protected area. It is home to the Arabian gazelle, and, in winter, migratory birds from Europe.[8] Oceanic animals include manta rays,[9] whale sharks,[10] and several species of sea turtles including endangered and critically endangered green and hawksbill turtles, dugongs,[9] and several species of dolphins and whales with occasional visits by others such as orcas.[11][12][13][14]
Economy
editAfter a French engineer investigated petroleum seeps on the islands in 1912, a 75-year concession was granted to the Red Sea oilfields.[15] At the time, the Farasan Islands supported a small fishing industry.[16]
Tourism and fishing also play a role in the economy. Farasan Island is connected to Jezan port by ferry.
Gallery
edit-
Al-Rifai House -
Al-Rifai House From the Inside -
Details of Al-Rifai House in Farasan Islands -
Ottoman fort in Farasan Islands -
Al-Najdi Mosque in Farasan Islands -
Farasan Islands Beach -
Farasan Islands from the International Space Station -
Ras Shada in Farasan Islands -
Seagulls in Farasan Islands’ Beaches
References
edit- ^ "بوابة الهيئة - الصفحة الرئيسية". portal.saudicensus.sa (in Arabic).
- ^ "Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia". www.plantdiversityofsaudiarabia.info. Retrieved 2020-08-10.
- ^ "A Trip to Farasan Islands".
- ^ "New inscriptions from Saudi Arabia and the extent of Roman rule along the Red Sea". Tabulae Geographicae. March 31, 2017. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
- ^ "Amicitia" (friendship)
- ^ Michael A. Speidel Fernhandel und Freundschaft zu Roms "Amici" an den Handelsrouten nach Südarabien und Indien ....p.155 ([1])
- ^ "The climate and the Farasan Archipelago topography | E-Flora of the Farasan archipelago".
- ^ "JAZAN PROVINCE – General Information". Archived from the original on 2017-08-20. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
- ^ a b Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation. 2006. Science Diary – 8 May 2006. Retrieved on April 14, 2017
- ^ "Farasan Islands". Archived from the original on 2017-04-14. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
- ^ Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation. 2006. Science Diary – 7 May 2006. Retrieved on April 14, 2017
- ^ Hoyt E. 2012. Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises: A World Handbook for Cetacean Habitat Conservation and Planning. The Routledge. Retrieved on April 14, 2017
- ^ Babbington J.. 2013. Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin – Offshore Farasan Islands. Birds of Saudi Arabia. Retrieved on April 14, 2017
- ^ علي رويني 2.654.258. 2017. ظهور الحوت القاتل في جزيرة فرسان - جزيرة سلوبه يعرف عنه اصطياد فرائسه من الشاطىء المقطع الاول. YouTube. Retrieved on April 14, 2017
- ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Arabia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 99.
- ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Arabia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 18.
External links
edit
- Saudi Aramco World: Dreaming of Farasan
- Farasan Island, a diver's paradise Archived 2016-03-02 at the Wayback Machine, Splendid Arabia: A travel site with photos and routes