Wikipedia

Fleet Week

Fleet Week is a United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, and United States Coast Guard tradition in which active military ships recently deployed in overseas operations dock in a variety of major cities for one week. Once the ships dock, the crews can enter the city and visit its tourist attractions. At certain hours, the public can take a guided tour of the ships. Often, Fleet Week is accompanied by military demonstrations and air shows such as those provided by the Blue Angels.

The guided missile cruiser USS Anzio sails past the Statue of Liberty at the beginning of Fleet Week 2004 in New York City.
Fleet Week celebrations were sometimes also held overseas, as in 1908, when the Great White Fleet visited Auckland, New Zealand.[1]
Sailors man the rails on the flight deck of USS John C. Stennis, San Diego Fleet Week parade.

History

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The first Fleet Week was celebrated in San Diego, California, during the 1935 California Pacific International Exposition.[2] The years between World War I and World War II saw an increasing military build-up in both Japan and Germany, while the communist Soviet Union (USSR) was given over to the wave of Stalinist nationalism. Most United States citizens experienced little sense of urgency about foreign developments because of isolationism and concerns with the ongoing economic Great Depression. However, then-U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a former Assistant Secretary of the Navy, was intent on expanding the U.S. Navy in response to world political trends. A major aircraft company was moving to Lindbergh Field, (today more commonly known as San Diego International Airport). In this atmosphere, Fleet Week was born.

At 11 a.m. on May 29, 1935, a color guard of the U.S. Marine Corps led a parade across Cabrillo Bridge to Plaza del Pacifico, where the U.S. flag was raised to open the Exposition officially. At 8 p.m., Roosevelt spoke by telephone and designated two selected orphans to press the buttons turning on the lights which bathed the grounds in color. In his remarks, heard over the loudspeaker system, Roosevelt said: "The decision of the people of San Diego thus to dedicate the California Pacific International Exposition is, I believe, worthy of the courage and confidence with which our people now look to the future. No one can deny that we have passed through troubled years. No one can fail to feel the inspiration of your high purpose. I wish you great success."

During Fleet Week in June 1935, 114 warships and 400 military planes arrived under command of U.S. Navy Admiral Joseph M. Reeves, Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Fleet. It was described as the mightiest fleet ever assembled under the U.S. flag. It included forty-eight battleships, cruisers and aircraft carriers, with more than 3,000 commissioned officers and 55,000 enlisted men. The U.S. Navy men visited the Exposition and, in turn, thousands of San Diegans and other fairgoers were guests on the various ships.

San Francisco

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Blue Angels performing at Fleet Week San Francisco in 2016

For years it was common for several U.S. Navy ships to dock in San Francisco, California for a similar series of events. One or more fleet ships were docked as a "visit ship" for tourists to board, and the local community took in sailors for home visits; drinks were often discounted to uniformed sailors at area bars and restaurants. The highlight of the San Francisco Fleet Week is the Air Show on San Francisco Bay with the Blue Angels as the center of attention.[3] The Air Show also features stunt planes and parachute team and Coast Guard demonstrations.[4] Another highlight of the Fleet Week SF is a parade of ships under the Golden Gate Bridge.[5]

 
Blue Angels flying over the San Francisco Bay. Golden Gate Bridge bottom left, Alcatraz Island bottom right.

The revived name of Fleet Week was applied to an expanded and more heavily publicized fleet visit in 1981, in conjunction with Columbus Day Weekend celebrations during the second week of October. Since then, the event has been held each year during the Columbus Day Weekend without a break and celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2005. The event is estimated to attract over one million people who watch the air show along the San Francisco Bay waterfront stretching from the Ferry Building to the Golden Gate Bridge.[6] The event was canceled for 2013 due to federal budgetary issues,[7] but was revived in 2014, and continues to be an annual event.

San Francisco Fleet Week 2018

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Ships included:

San Francisco Fleet Week 2019

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Ships included:

San Francisco Fleet Week 2021

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San Francisco Fleet Week returned after 2020 was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ships included:

San Francisco Fleet Week 2022

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Ships included:

San Francisco Fleet Week 2023

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Ships included:

San Francisco Fleet Week 2024

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Ships included:

Port Everglades

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For more than 20 years, Fleet Week Port Everglades has been produced as a signature event for South Florida each spring by Broward Navy Days, a non-profit 501(c)(3). FW PEV provides an annual opportunity for residents to honor and celebrate Sailors, Marines and Coast Guardsmen for their service to their country as well as witness first-hand the latest capabilities of today's modern navy. With the support of sponsors and assistance of hundreds of volunteers representing veterans, civic and service organizations, FW PEV offers opportunities to enjoy shore leave and participate in a wide variety of recreational, vocational and community service activities. Popular events include:

All Hands on Deck Welcoming Party, Damage Control Olympics, Community Relations Projects, Ship Tours, Celebrity Chef Luncheon, Ship Honorary Dinners, Submariners Reception, Take a Hero Fishing Tournament, Golf Tournament, Culinary Competitions, Sailor of the Year Recognition and Dignitary Reception.

The Air & Sea Show was an annual air show in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida in which military and civilian performances took place on the four mile stretch of beach from Oakland Park to Las Olas Boulevard. The show existed from 1995 until 2007. It was revived in 2017 and now takes place around Memorial Day exclusive of Fleet Week.

Port Everglades Fleet Week 2018

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Visiting ships included:

Port Everglades Fleet Week 2019

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Visiting ships included:

Port Everglades Fleet Week 2020

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On March 16, 2020, Fleet Week was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Port Everglades Fleet Week 2021

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Fleet Week was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Port Everglades Fleet Week 2022

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On April 21, 2022, the Navy announced visiting ships would be:

Port Everglades Fleet Week 2023

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On April 21, 2023, the Navy announced visiting ships would be:

New York City

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Marines demonstrate Marine Corps Martial Arts Program techniques at Times Square in 2010.

US Naval vessels had visited New York City in a celebratory manner dating back to the aftermath of the Spanish–American War in 1898, when Commodore George Dewey was celebrated as the hero of the battle of Manila Bay. However, the first official Fleet Week began in New York City in 1982. Fleet Week in New York City is generally timed to coincide with the Memorial Day holiday weekend.

During the New York City Fleet Week, ships are docked at New York Passenger Ship Terminal on the Hudson River on the West Side of the borough of Manhattan and also at Stapleton in the borough of Staten Island. In 2012, ships visited Brooklyn for the first time, docking at the Cruise Ship Terminal.

The practice of US Navy ships visiting the city and being open for tours began in 1988. NYC Fleet Week 1988 included the aircraft carrier USS America and battleship USS Iowa. Other vessels included the guided missile cruiser USS Josephus Daniels and the guided missile destroyers USS Kidd and USS Preble [8]

NYC Fleet Week 1989 celebrated the bicentennial of the inauguration of President George Washington. Visiting vessels included the aircraft carrier USS Forrestal and the AEGIS cruiser USS Ticonderoga.[9]

NYC Fleet Week 1990 included the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy. Fifteen Navy and Coast Guard ships were part of the celebration which included commemoration of the bicentennial of the US Coast Guard. third annual Fleet Week. Vessels included the Coast Guard training ship Eagle,[10]

NYC Fleet Week 1991 coincided with Operation Welcome Home to commemorate military personnel returning from Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Vessels included the aircraft carrier USS America, battleship USS Wisconsin, and the AEGIS cruiser USS San Jacinto.[11]

NYC Fleet Week 1992 was held from May 20–26. It included 13 US naval ships and 7 vessels from European navies.[12]

NYC Fleet Week 1993 was held from May 27–31, and included ships from several countries including the Russian destroyer Bezuderzhny and oiler Sheksna. The US presence of 12 ships was headlined by the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy. Ships at the Manhattan location included USS John F. Kennedy, USS Leyte Gulf. US Navy ships in Staten Island included USS Clifton Sprague and USS Bowen, USS Normandy, USS Wainwright, and USS Donald B. Beary. Ainsworth, rescue ship Ortolan, USS Capodanno The US Coast Guard was represented by vessels Adak, Sorrel, Staten Island, Tampa, and Wire. A Polish submarine also visited.[13][14]

NYC Fleet Week 1998 was May 20–27 and included the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy. NYC Fleet Week 1999 included the amphibious assault ship USS Wasp. NYC Fleet Week 2002 began on May 22, and was the first Fleet Week following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks that destroyed the World Trade Center. Thirteen U.S. Navy ships, five U.S. Coast Guard ships, one ship representing the Canadian Navy and one representing the Danish Navy sailed up the Hudson River to piers 86 and 88 near the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum and to Staten Island. US ships included USS Sentry.

NYC Fleet Week 2003 included eighteen ships from five nations, including tall sailing ships from Mexico and India. Nine ships of the US Navy were present, including USS Shreveport, an Austin-class amphibious transport dock, the dock landing ship USS Portland, three guided missile cruisers including USS Normandy, and three frigates.

New York City Fleet Week 2004

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Ships included:

New York City Fleet Week 2005

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Visiting ships included:

New York City Fleet Week 2007

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Ships included:

New York City Fleet Week 2008

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The 2008 Fleet Week, the 21st annual observance, began May 21. Visiting ships were:

New York City Fleet Week 2009

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New York City Fleet Week 2009 was May 20–26, 2009, with representatives from both the U.S. military and the Royal Canadian Navy. The visiting ships were:

New York City Fleet Week 2010

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The 23rd Fleet Week ran May 26–31, 2010. Visiting ships included:

New York City Fleet Week 2011

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The 24th New York Fleet Week was in May 2011. Visiting ships were:

New York City Fleet Week 2012

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The 25th New York City Fleet Week was in May 2012. It was also OpSail 2012 in commemoration of the War of 1812. Visiting ships were:

New York City Fleet Week 2013

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Fleet Week was canceled due to federal budget cuts (sequestration).[15][16][17]

New York City Fleet Week 2014

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On April 8, 2014, the Navy announced that visiting ships would be:

New York City Fleet Week 2015

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On April 13, 2015, the Navy announced that visiting ships would be:

New York City Fleet Week 2016

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On April 4, 2016, the Navy announced visiting ships would be:

New York City Fleet Week 2017

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On May 8, 2017, the Navy announced visiting ships would be:

New York City Fleet Week 2018

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On April 12, 2018, the Navy announced visiting ships would be:

New York City Fleet Week 2019

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On March 27, 2019, the Navy announced visiting ships would be:

New York City Fleet Week 2020

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On March 27, 2020, it was announced that the in-person Fleet Week event had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. "Virtual Fleet Week," its web-based alternative, attracted over 170,000 unique viewers from May 20–26, 2020.[18]

New York City Fleet Week 2021

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On February 8, 2021, it was announced that the in-person Fleet Week event had again been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual Fleet Week returned for its second consecutive year.[19]

New York City Fleet Week 2022

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2022 NYC Fleet Week ship tours at Staten Island's Homeport Pier.

On March 16, 2022, it was announced that Fleet Week would return after a two-year pause due to COVID-19. On April 1, 2022, it was announced visiting ships would be:

New York City Fleet Week 2023

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On April 4, 2023, it was announced visiting ships would be:

New York City Fleet Week 2024

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On 24 April, it was announced visiting ships would be:

Baltimore

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Maryland Fleet Week is a biennial tradition in Baltimore and is managed by Historic Ships in Baltimore.

Maryland Fleet Week and Air Show Baltimore Fleet Week 2018

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Ships included:

Maryland Fleet Week and Air Show Baltimore Fleet Week 2022

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Ships included:

Portland

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Portland, Oregon includes fleet week as a part of its annual Portland Rose Festival[20]

Portland Fleet Week 1936

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1936 was the first Fleet Week for Portland, although navy ships had visited Portland previously starting in 1892 as part of civic celebrations.[21]

Ships included:

  • USS Houston (CA-30)
  • USS Milwaukee (CL-5)
  • USS Chester (CL-27)
  • USS Chicago (CL-29)
  • USS Aylwyn (DD-355)
  • USS Bainbridge (DD-246)
  • USS Chandler (DD-206)
  • USS Detroit (CL-8)
  • USS Farragut (DD-348)
  • USS Goff (DD-247)
  • USS Hovey (DD-208)
  • USS Hull (DD-350)
  • USS Litchfield (DD-336)
  • USS Long (DD-209)
  • USS Monaghan (DD-354)
  • USS Sturdevant (DD-240)
  • USS Southard (DD-207)
  • USS Worden (DD-352)
  • USS Relief (AH-1)

Portland Fleet Week 1937

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Ships included:

  • USS Astoria (CA-34)
  • USS Chicago (CL-29)
  • USS Indianapolis (CA-35)
  • USS Louisville (CA-28)
  • USS Memphis (CL-13)
  • USS Minneapolis (CL-36)
  • USS New Orleans (CL-32)
  • USS Northampton (CL-26)
  • USS Pensacola (CL-24)
  • USS Quincy (CA-39)
  • USS Richmond (CL-9)
  • USS Trenton (CL-11)
  • USS Tuscaloosa (CA-37)
  • USS Salt Lake City (CL-25)
  • USS Pensacola (CL-24)
  • USS Brooks (DD-232)
  • USS Fox (DD-234)
  • USS Goff (DD-247)
  • USS Marblehead (CL-12)
  • USS Reuben James (DD-245)
  • USS Relief (AH-1)
  • USS Arctic (AF-7)

Portland Fleet Week 1938

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Ships included:

  • USS Chester (CL-27)
  • USS Chicago (CL-29)
  • USS Indianapolis (CA-35)
  • USS Northampton (CL-26)
  • USS Pensacola (CL-24)
  • USS Salt Lake City (CL-25)
  • USS Tuscaloosa (CA-37)
  • USS Vincennes (CA-44)
  • USS Alywin (DD-355)
  • USS Dale (DD-353)
  • USS Dewey (DD-349)
  • USS Farragut (DD-348)
  • USS Hull (DD-350)
  • USS Phelps (DD-360)
  • USS MacDonough (DD-331)
  • USS Monaghan (DD-354)
  • USS Worden (DD-352)
  • USS Relief (AH-1)
  • USS Arctic (AF-7)
  • USS Medusa (AR-1)

Portland Fleet Week 2011

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Ships included:

  • USS Lake Champlain (CG-57)
  • USS Igraham (FFG-61)
  • USS McClusky (FFG-41)
  • USCGC Active (WMEC-618)
  • USCGC Fir (WLB-213)
  • USCGC Bluebell (WLI-313)
  • USCGC Henry Blake (WLM-563)
  • ACOE Redlinger
  • ACOE Essaysons
  • HMCS Saskatoon (MM 709)
  • HMCS Whitehorse (MM 705)

Portland Fleet Week 2012

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Ships included:

  • USS Dewey (DDG-105)
  • USS William P. Lawrence (DDG-110)
  • USS Ingraham (FFG-61)

Portland Fleet Week 2013

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For 2013 all Fleet Weeks were canceled due to budget issues

Portland Fleet Week 2014

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Ships included:

  • USS Lake Champlain (CG-57)
  • USS Spruance (DDG-111)
  • USCGC Alert (WMEC-630)
  • USCGC CuttyHunk (WPB-1322)
  • HMCS Oriole (KC 480)

Portland Fleet Week 2015

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Ships included:

  • USS Chosin (CG-65)
  • USS Cape St. George (CG-71)
  • USS Champion (MCM-4)
  • USCGC Waesche (WMSL-751)
  • USCGC Wahoo (87345)
  • USCGC Bluebell (WLI-313)
  • USCGC Henry Blake (WLM-563)
  • HMCS Calgary (FFH 335)
  • HMCS Whitehorse (MM 705)
  • HMCS Saskatoon (MM 709)
  • HMCS Oriole (KC 480)

Portland Fleet Week 2016

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Ships included:

  • USS Russell (DDG-59)
  • USS Howard (DDG-83)
  • USS Champion (MCM-4)
  • USCGC Steadfast (WMEC-623)
  • USCGC Swordfish (WPB-87358)
  • USCGC Fir (WLB-213)
  • USCGC Bluebell (WLI-313)
  • HMCS Brandon (MM 710)
  • HMCS Edmonton (mm 703)

Portland Fleet Week 2017

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Ships included:

Portland Fleet Week 2018

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Ships included:

Portland Fleet Week 2019

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Ships included:

Portland Fleet Week 2022

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Ships included:

Portland Fleet Week 2023

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Seattle

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Seattle, Washington includes fleet week during the annual Seafair. Seattle's Fleet Week was an outgrowth of its "Golden Potlatch" event that started in 1911. The Golden Potlatch was suspended in 1914, but was revived in 1934 as the "Seattle Potlatch of Progress and Fleet Week". This Fleet Week included a number of U.S. Navy ships.

Seattle Fleet Week 2018

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Ships included:

Seattle Fleet Week 2019

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Ships included:

Los Angeles

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The USS Iowa (BB-61) museum hosts Fleet Week at the Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro. Inaugurated in 2011 as Los Angeles Navy Days, it was rebranded as L.A. Fleet Week in 2016.

Los Angeles Navy Days 2011

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July 29- August 1, 2011, San Pedro, CA. Ships included:

Los Angeles Navy Days 2012

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August 17–20, 2012, San Pedro, CA. Ships included:

Los Angeles Navy Days 2013

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Los Angeles Navy Days 2014

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August 8–10, 2014, San Pedro, CA. Ships included:

Los Angeles Navy Days 2015

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August 7–9, 2015, San Pedro, CA. Ships included:

Los Angeles Fleet Week 2016

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September 2–5, 2016, San Pedro, CA. Ships included:

Los Angeles Fleet Week 2017

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September 1–4, 2017, San Pedro, CA. Ships included:

Los Angeles Fleet Week 2018

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August 31-September 3, 2018, San Pedro, CA. Ships included:

Los Angeles Fleet Week 2019

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August 30–September 2, 2019, San Pedro, CA. Ships included:

Los Angeles Fleet Week 2020

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Los Angeles Fleet Week 2021

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Los Angeles Fleet Week 2022

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May 27–30, 2022, San Pedro, CA. Ships included:

Los Angeles Fleet Week 2023

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May 26–29, 2023, San Pedro, CA. Ships included:

Los Angeles Fleet Week 2024

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May 22–27, 2024, San Pedro, CA. Ships will include:

New London

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New London, Connecticut sometimes includes Fleet Week as a part of the Connecticut Maritime Heritage Festival.

New London Fleet Week 2017

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Visiting ships included:

New London Fleet Week 2018

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Visiting ships included:

New London Fleet Week 2019

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Visiting ships included:

New London Fleet Week 2024

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Visiting ships will include:

Norfolk

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Naval Station Norfolk opens to the public and conducts ship tours during its Norfolk Fleet Fest.[22]

Norfolk Fleet Fest 2018

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Participating ships included:

Norfolk Fleet Fest 2019

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Participating ships included:

Norfolk Fleet Fest 2020

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Norfolk Fleet Fest 2021

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Norfolk Fleet Fest 2022

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Norfolk Fleet Fest 2023

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Participating ships included:

San Diego

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San Diego annually hosts Fleet Week.

San Diego Fleet Week 2003

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San Diego Fleet Week 2004

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San Diego Fleet Week 2005

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San Diego Fleet Week 2006

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San Diego Fleet Week 2007

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San Diego Fleet Week 2008

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San Diego Fleet Week 2009

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San Diego Fleet Week 2010

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San Diego Fleet Week 2011

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San Diego Fleet Week 2012

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San Diego Fleet Week 2013

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San Diego Fleet Week 2014

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San Diego Fleet Week 2015

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San Diego Fleet Week 2016

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San Diego Fleet Week 2017

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San Diego Fleet Week 2018

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San Diego Fleet Week 2019

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San Diego Fleet Week 2020

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San Diego Fleet Week 2021

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San Diego Fleet Week 2022

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San Diego Fleet Week 2022

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San Diego Fleet Week 2023

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San Diego Fleet Week 2024

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Boston

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Boston occasionally hosts Fleet Week as a part of larger events and sometimes as a part of their annual Marine Week.

Boston Fleet Week 2012

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Ships included:

Boston Fleet Week 2017

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Ships included:

New Orleans

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New Orleans, though usually as a part of Navy Week, typically has naval vessels take part annually.

New Orleans Navy Week 2022

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Ships included:

Miami

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Miami Fleet Week 2024

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Ships will include:[23][24]

Other cities

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Fleet Week and similar traditions in other cities include:

  • OpSail events are sometimes accompanied by warships and opened to the public in various Fleet Week style events, or sometimes combined.
  • Pearl Harbor, Hawaii often hosts ship tours prior to major naval exercises such as RIMPAC

Other countries

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Kiel Week

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The German city of Kiel annually hosts Kiel Week, largely a sailing event, warships usually take part and open to the public in the same manner as Fleet Week.

Vancouver Fleet Weekend 2022

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The city of Vancouver, British Columbia hosted Fleet Weekend for the first time in 2022. Visiting ships were:[25]

Vancouver Fleet Weekend 2024

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Visiting ships included:

Halifax International Fleet Week 2023

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The city of Halifax, Nova Scotia hosted its first fleet week in September 2023. Visiting ships were:

Rendez-vous naval de Quebec 2024

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Quebec City will host its fleet week from July 4–7, 2024. Visiting ships will be:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Today in History 9 August 1908: The US 'Great White Fleet' arrives in Auckland". New Zealand History. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  2. ^ "California Pacific Exposition San Diego 1935-1936 | San Diego History Center". Archived from the original on 2011-10-19. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  3. ^ "Fleet Week San Francisco". For City Secrets. Archived from the original on 2019-03-03. Retrieved 2018-09-10.
  4. ^ "Fleet Week". rove.me. Archived from the original on 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2018-09-10.
  5. ^ "Fleet Week". Fisherman's Wharf. Archived from the original on 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2018-09-10.
  6. ^ Carolyn Tyler (September 15, 2009). "SF's Fleet Week impacted by economic woes". KGO-TV News. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  7. ^ Chris Roberts (April 9, 2013). "SF's Fleet Week air show canceled with Blue Angels grounded". The San Francisco Examiner. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  8. ^ Ginzburg, Ralph (17 April 1988). "The Pilots at Sandy Hook: 294 Years of Taking the Helm". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  9. ^ Yarrow, Andrew L. (28 April 1989). "Washington's Inaugural, Afloat, Aloft and on Foot". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 September 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  10. ^ Shepard, Richard F. (22 June 1990). "WEEKENDER GUIDE". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2017-07-07. Retrieved 2017-02-07.
  11. ^ Stanley, Alessandra (10 June 1991). "New York Prepares Embrace for Troops". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  12. ^ "ATTRACTIONS". The New York Times. March 15, 1992. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  13. ^ Dillon, Sam (29 May 1993). "Dockside Commerce and Industry; In Fleet Week, Russians Raise Cash; Americans Talk Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  14. ^ "ATTRACTIONS". The New York Times. April 18, 1993. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  15. ^ "New York City Fleet Week officially canceled". WABC TV. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  16. ^ "Budget cuts end Fleet Week in NYC". WTVR TV. 12 April 2013. Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
  17. ^ McGeehan, Patrick (11 April 2013). "With Federal Budget Cuts, Something Will Be Missing From Fleet Week: The Sailors". NY Times. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
  18. ^ "Virtual Fleet Week New York videos attracted 170,000 unique viewers". Naval Air Station Patuxent River Tester. Navy Region MID-ATLANTIC Public Affairs. June 11, 2020. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  19. ^ "Fleet Week New York is back and virtual for 2nd straight year". WABC-TV 7 New York. May 26, 2021. Archived from the original on May 26, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  20. ^ "Rose Festival :: Events :: Fleet". Portland Rose Festival Foundation. 2011. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  21. ^ Hamell, Rick. "Ships of Fleet Week". Archived from the original on 2023-04-05. Retrieved 2019-06-09. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  22. ^ "NAVSTA Norfolk 2017 Fleet Fest". Archived from the original on 2017-10-11.
  23. ^ "USS Harry S. Truman to be displayed at Miami Fleet Week". 8 April 2024.
  24. ^ https://fleetweekmiami.org [bare URL]
  25. ^ "Navy ships arrive in North Vancouver, open for tours Saturday". 29 April 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-04-29. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
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