Google Contact Lens was a smart contact lens project announced by Google on 16 January 2014.[1] The project aimed to assist people with diabetes by constantly measuring the glucose levels in their tears.[2] The project was being carried out by Verily and as of 2014 was being tested using prototypes.[1] On November 16, 2018, Verily announced it had discontinued the project.[3]
Design
editThe lens consists of a wireless chip and a miniaturized glucose sensor. A tiny pinhole in the lens allows for tear fluid to seep into the sensor to measure blood sugar levels.[4] Both of the sensors are embedded between two soft layers of lens material. The electronics lie outside of both the pupil and the iris so there is no damage to the eye. There is a wireless antenna inside of the contact that is thinner than a human's hair, which will act as a controller to communicate information to the wireless device. The controller will gather, read, and analyze data that will be sent to the external device via the antenna. Power will be drawn from the device which will communicate data via the wireless technology RFID.[5] Plans to add small LED lights that could warn the wearer by lighting up when the glucose levels have crossed above or below certain thresholds have been mentioned to be under consideration.[1] The performance of the contact lenses in windy environments and teary eyes is unknown.[4]
The prototypes being tested can generate a reading once per second.
Announcements
editOn January 16, 2014, Google announced that, for the past 18 months,[6] they had been working on a contact lens that could help people with diabetes by making it continually check their glucose levels. The idea was originally funded by the National Science Foundation[4] and was first brought to Microsoft.[5] The product was created by Brian Otis and Babak Parviz who were both members of the electrical engineering faculty at the University of Washington prior to working in Google's secret R&D organization, Google X.[5] Google noted in their official announcement that scientists have long looked into how certain body fluids can help track glucose levels easier, but as tears are hard to collect and study, using them was never really an option. They also mentioned that the project is currently being discussed with the FDA while still noting that there is a lot more work left to do before the product can be released for general usage, which is said to happen in five years at best,[6] and that they are looking for partners who would use the technology for the lens by developing apps that would make the measurements available to the wearers and their respective doctors.[1] The partners would also be expected to use this research and technology to develop advanced medical and vision devices for future generations.[4]
On July 15, 2014, Google announced a partnership with Novartis' Alcon unit to develop the glucose-sensing smart contact lens.[7]
On November 16, 2018, Verily announced it had discontinued the project because of the lack of correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose.[3]
Response
editEndocrinologist Dr. Larry Levin commented the benefits of being able to offer his patients a pain-free alternative to either pricking their fingers or using a continuous glucose monitor.[8]
However, experts in the field[9] have cast doubt on the ability of the amount of glucose in tears (as measured by the contact lens) to correlate strongly with blood glucose of the user. Many reported studies show, at best, a weak correlation that would not meet accuracy requirements for glucose monitoring.[10][11][12][13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Brian Otis; Babak Parviz (16 January 2014). "Introducing our smart contact lens project". Google Official Blog. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
- ^ NM Farandos; AK Yetisen; MJ Monteiro; CR Lowe; SH Yun (2014). "Contact Lens Sensors in Ocular Diagnostics". Advanced Healthcare Materials. 4 (6): 792–810. doi:10.1002/adhm.201400504. PMID 25400274. S2CID 35508652.
- ^ a b Brian Otis (16 November 2018). "Update on our Smart Lens program with Alcon". Verily Blog. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ^ a b c d Doyle, Maria (12 February 2014). "Google Contacts Will Help Diabetics Monitor Blood Sugar Via Tears". Forbes. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
- ^ a b c "Google contact lens could help diabetics track glucose". CBC News. 17 January 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
- ^ a b "Google contact lens could be option for diabetics". The Washington Post. 17 January 2014. Archived from the original on 17 January 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
- ^ Scott, Mark (15 July 2014). "Novartis Joins With Google to Develop Contact Lens That Monitors Blood Sugar". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ^ "Google announces 'smart' contact lenses that monitor glucose levels". Fox News. 16 January 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
- ^ Piller, Charles (2016-06-06). "Google misfires as it aims to turn science fiction into reality". Stat.
- ^ Baca, Justin (2007). "Mass Spectral Determination of Fasting Tear Glucose Concentrations in Nondiabetic Volunteers". Clinical Chemistry. 53 (7): 1370–. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.078543. PMID 17495022.
- ^ Zhang, Jin (January 2011). "Noninvasive Diagnostic Devices for Diabetes through Measuring Tear Glucose". Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. 5 (1): 166–172. doi:10.1177/193229681100500123. PMC 3045221. PMID 21303640.
- ^ BACA, Justin (2007). "Tear Glucose Analysis for the Noninvasive Detection and Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus". The Ocular Surface. 5 (4): 280–293. doi:10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70094-0. PMID 17938838.
- ^ Smith, John (2015). "The Pursuit of Noninvasive Glucose: "Hunting the Deceitful Turkey"" (PDF).