Greenhills is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,741 at the 2020 census. A planned community, it was established by the United States government during the Great Depression. Most of the village is a National Historic Landmark for its history as a planned modernist community.[6]
Greenhills | |
|---|---|
 Greenhills Ohio Municipal Building | |
| Motto: "Pioneering a Dream" | |
 Location in Hamilton County and the state of Ohio. | |
| Coordinates: 39°16′01″N 84°31′10″W / 39.26694°N 84.51944°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Hamilton |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | David Moore (R)[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 1.24 sq mi (3.22 km2) |
| • Land | 1.24 sq mi (3.22 km2) |
| • Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 801 ft (244 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 3,741 |
• Estimate (2023)[4] | 3,656 |
| • Density | 3,007.23/sq mi (1,160.88/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 45218 |
| Area code | 513 |
| FIPS code | 39-32158[5] |
| GNIS feature ID | 1086213[3] |
| Website | www |
History
edit
As one of three Greenbelt Communities built by the Resettlement Administration during the 1930s (the other two are Greenbelt, Maryland and Greendale, Wisconsin[7][8][9]), Greenhills was designed to be surrounded by a "belt" of woodland and natural landscaping. Like the other six "FDR towns", Greenhills was founded as a sundown town, using restrictive covenants to prevent minorities from purchasing homes there.[10][11] Many families include third- and fourth-generation descendants of the village's original "pioneers" who occupied the original International-style townhomes. The original government-built area, the Greenhills Historic District, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places[12] and is a National Historic Landmark.[13] The community's James Whallon House, which serves as the village hall is also listed in the National Register of Historic Places.[14][15] The landmarked area encompasses about three quarters of the area within the village bounds, excepting only the northeastern section northeast of Farragut and Ingram Roads.[16]
Geography
editAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.25 square miles (3.24 km2), all land.[17]
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1940 | 2,677 | — | |
| 1950 | 3,005 | 12.3% | |
| 1960 | 5,407 | 79.9% | |
| 1970 | 6,092 | 12.7% | |
| 1980 | 4,927 | −19.1% | |
| 1990 | 4,393 | −10.8% | |
| 2000 | 4,103 | −6.6% | |
| 2010 | 3,615 | −11.9% | |
| 2020 | 3,741 | 3.5% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 3,656 | [4] | −2.3% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[18] | |||
2020 census
editAs of the census of 2020, there were 3,741 people living in the village, for a population density of 3,007.23 people per square mile (1,160.88/km2). There were 1,618 housing units. The racial makeup of the village was 73.2% White, 15.0% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 2.2% from some other race, and 8.5% from two or more races. 5.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[19]
There were 1,409 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.6% were married couples living together, 17.9% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 36.3% had a female householder with no spouse present. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58, and the average family size was 3.39.[19]
28.4% of the village's population were under the age of 18, 57.6% were 18 to 64, and 14.0% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.8. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males.[19]
According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the village was $69,208, and the median income for a family was $80,625. About 10.7% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over. About 62.0% of the population were employed, and 31.9% had a bachelor's degree or higher.[19]
2010 census
editAs of the census[20] of 2010, there were 3,615 people, 1,499 households, and 968 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,892.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,116.6/km2). There were 1,645 housing units at an average density of 1,316.0 per square mile (508.1/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 88.0% White, 6.7% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.
There were 1,499 households, of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.4% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.95.
The median age in the village was 39 years. 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.2% were from 25 to 44; 27% were from 45 to 64; and 16% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.
Education
editGreenhills is served by the Winton Woods City School District and a branch of the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County.[21]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Hamilton County Officials 2016" (PDF). Hamilton County Board of Elections. January 27, 2016. p. 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
- ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
- ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Greenhills, Ohio
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Ohio: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Why a Utopian Town Is Demolishing Its Own History". Bloomberg. January 31, 2018. Archived from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2023 – via www.bloomberg.com.
- ^ Halpern, Sue (May–June 2002), "New Deal City", Mother Jones, archived from the original on February 16, 2009, retrieved July 7, 2007
- ^ "Greendale Originals - The shops, history and events in the Village of Greendale, Wisconsin". Archived from the original on February 7, 2012.
- ^ https://etd.ohiolink.edu/rws_etd/document/get/ucin1223302164/inline Archived December 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine [bare URL]
- ^ Loewen, James W. (2013). "Hidden in Plain View: Knowing and Not Knowing About Sundown Towns". Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension Of American Racism. The New Press. p. 239. ISBN 978-1595586742.
In 1917, in Buchanan v. Warley, the U.S. Supreme Court held the Louisville [housing segregation, block-by-city-block] ordinance unconstitutional (p.101)...[Yet] during the Depression the federal government acted as if Buchanan did not exist when it set up at least seven towns-- Richland, Washington; Boulder City, Nevada; Norris, Tennessee; Greendale, Wisconsin; Greenhills, Ohio; Arthurdale, West Virginia; and Greenbelt, Maryland-- that explicitly kept out African Americans (p.103)... progress [toward integration] has been real but uneven (p.416)... America's seven FDR towns, all sundown from the start, exemplify this unevenness. Greenbelt, Maryland is now 41% black, while Greenhills, Ohio, is 2.6% black (p.515).
- ^ Fairbanks, Robert B. (Winter 1978). "Cincinnati and Greenhills: The Response to a Federal Community, 1935–1939" (PDF). Cincinnati Historical Society Bulletin. 36 (4): 239. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 17, 2019. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
Eager for the new town to be accepted not only by these few but by the entire metropolitan community, federal officials dedicated themselves to abiding by 'community standards' in their new town. As a result, the suburban town project which had been planned for the needy, ignored the neediest. Although the two chief administrators of the greenbelts, Rexford G. Tugwell and Will W. Alexander, believed in equal benefits for blacks, prejudice prevailed and blacks were excluded from Greenhills.
- ^ Rozhon, Tracie (February 9, 2009). "New Deal Architecture Faces Bulldozer". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 24, 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ Milam, Brett. "Greenhills named a National Historic Landmark". The Enquirer. Archived from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
- ^ Village of Greenhills, Ohio Archived January 9, 2004, at the Wayback Machine, Village of Greenhills, n.d. Accessed November 17, 2009.
- ^ "NHL nomination for Greenhills Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Greenhills village, Ohio - Census Bureau Profile". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
- ^ "Greenhills Branch". Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County. Archived from the original on June 25, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.