Grogarnsberget or Grogarnsberg (lit. "The Grogarn Mountain" more appropriate "Grogarn Hill") is a plateau hill on the Östergarn coast, on the Swedish island of Gotland. On the hill are the remains of former hillfort, the second largest on Gotland[1] and the fourth largest in Scandinavia.
| Grogarnsberget | |
|---|---|
| Grogranshuvud | |
.JPG) Grogarnsberget plateau | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 30 m (98 ft)[1] |
| Coordinates | 57°26′34.4″N 18°53′22.4″E / 57.442889°N 18.889556°E |
| Geography | |
  Grogarnsberget Grogarnsberget position on Gotland | |
| Location | Östergarn, Gotland, Sweden |
| Parent range | Part of the Fröjel Formation |
| Geology | |
| Rock age(s) | Homerian (late Wenlock, mid Silurian) |
| Mountain type | Carbonate platform plateau |
Geography
editThe hill is on the northeast coast of the most eastern part of Gotland. It is approximately 30 m (98 ft) high with steep cliffs on three sides. The hill provides a good view of Östergarnsholm with its two lighthouses.[1] In the west, east and south are the historic harbors Katthammarsvik, Herrvik, and Sandviken, formerly starting points for journeys across the Baltic Sea to the Baltic.[2][3]
The Grogarnsberget is also a nature reserve and it is designated a Natura 2000 area. Established in 2007, it covers 252 ha (620 acres).[1][4][5]
Hillfort
edit.JPG)
The castle, or fort, was built on Grogarnshuvud ("The Grogarn Head"), the northern tip of Grogarnsberget. The 30 m (98 ft) high sea cliffs provided protection on three sides. In the south there were two 100 m (330 ft) long stone walls with palisades. From the site of the former castle, other major hillforts in the region are visible. Archaeological investigations of the outer ramparts turned up arrowheads from the late Vendel Period (550-800 AD), which provided a clue as to the dating of the castle.[6] A number of wooden posts were also found, probably formerly part of the palisades, that were dated to 740 AD.[7] The fort had both an outer and an inner wall.[1]
There are 82 such forts known on Gotland. Most of them has an interior surface of less than 800 m2 (8,600 sq ft). The one on Grogarnsberget, however, measures 450 m × 100 m (1,480 ft × 330 ft) (45,000 m2 (480,000 sq ft)), making it one of the two largest hillforts on the island. House foundations from the Roman Iron Age – the Migration Period – were found inside the fortifications, unlike any other hillforts on the island.[6]
The largest hillfort in Scandinavia is Halleberg in Västergötland, Sweden at about 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi),[8] the second largest is Lollands Österborg on east Lolland, Denmark at about 5 km2 (1.9 sq mi)[9] and the third largest is Torsburgen on Gotland, Sweden at about 1.2 km2 (0.46 sq mi).[10]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Grogarnsberget Nature Reserve". www.lansstyrelsen.se (in Swedish). Gotland County Administrative Board. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- ^ Enderborg, Bernt. "Sandviken". www.guteinfo.com. Guteinfo. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
- ^ Henriksson, Greta. "Östergarn". www.gotland.se. Gotland Municipality. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
- ^ "Grogarnsberget". European Environment Agency. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ^ "Grogarnsberget Natura 2000" (PDF; 307 kB). www.lansstyrelsen.se (in Swedish). Gotland County Administrative Board. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- ^ a b Aleksander Loit (ed.): The contacts between the eastern Baltic and Scandinavia in the Early Middle Ages. International Conference, 23–25 October 1990, Riga. Centre for Baltic Studies, Stockholm 1992, ISBN 91-22-01503-5, p be 53
- ^ Nordic Archaeological Abstracts, Viborg 1984 ISSN 0105-6492, p 125
- ^ "Fornborgen" [The Hillfort]. www.tunhemsbygden.se. Västra Tunhems Hembygdsförening. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
- ^ Thorsen, Sven (2001). "En to-tre folkeborge - én på Falster, og to på Lolland". 89: 5–16.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Torsburgen". www.lansstyrelsen.se. Gotland County Administrative Board. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
Bibliography
edit- Johsson, Marita; Hejdström, Raymond; Lindquist, Sven-Olof; Bohn, Robert (1993). Kulturführer Gotland (in German) (1 ed.). Gotland Museum. ISBN 91-88036-09-X. SELIBR 7768504.
External links
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- "Information board" (PDF; 1.5 MB). Länsstyrelsen Gotland (in Swedish). Retrieved 31 January 2012.