Wikipedia

Hīkoi mō te Tiriti

Hīkoi mō te Tiriti (English: March for the Treaty) were hīkoi protests in New Zealand against the Treaty Principles Bill that occurred from 10 November to 19 November 2024. The bill would redefine the Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi.

Hīkoi mō te Tiriti
Part of Māori protest movement
From top, left to right:
Crowds surround the Beehive, protesters on the forecourt of Parliament, marchers in Hastings, group in Tākaka
Date10–19 November 2024
Location
New Zealand
(+ Australia, London, New York City, Hawaii)
Caused byOpposition to changes to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi as put forth in the Treaty Principles Bill
MethodsHīkoi marches, demonstration at Parliament House, haka
Parties

Anti-Bill

Other Government parties

Supported the bill through first reading, maintained they would not support any further.
Lead figures
Number

Protesters: >82,000[b]

Petition signers: >280,000[c]

Counter protestors:

  • Destiny Church in Auckland: ~100[16]

The bill was introduced in November 2024 by the right-wing coalition government, as a key policy goal of David Seymour (leader of the libertarian ACT party). Seymour rejected the idea that the Treaty of Waitangi was a partnership between the New Zealand Crown and Māori iwi. He also argued that the original treaty did not sufficiently define the legal rights of New Zealanders, and that this had never been rectified. Seymour himself is Māori.

The bill provoked opposition from several disparate groups, including senior lawyers, opposition parties and supporters of Māori rights. Opponents argue that Māori rights would be eroded and that insufficient consultation took place; proponents say the bill would enshrine equal rights for all New Zealanders regardless of ethnicity. The other two parties in government, National and New Zealand First, have distanced themselves from it. They maintain that they will vote it down at the second reading.

Members of Parliament performed a haka in the House of Representatives, which delayed the bill's first reading. The hīkoi took place the same week and traversed the length of the country. By the time it reached the capital, Wellington, over 20,000 people had already marched and around 42,000 people would march in the city. Attending the march in Wellington were politicians from all sides of New Zealand politics, as well as the Māori Queen, Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō. A petition that had received by then over 200,000 signatures was presented at Parliament.

Joel MacManus of The Spinoff estimated it was the largest protest Wellington had ever seen, potentially the largest in New Zealand's history.

Background

edit
Main article: Treaty Principles Bill

The protests were in response to the right-wing coalition[17] National-led Government's Treaty Principles Bill.[18] Following the 2023 election and the formation of a National-led coalition government, ACT launched an information campaign early the following year promoting the bill. The campaign was also intended to counter a leaked Justice Ministry document which claimed that the proposed bill clashed with the text of the Treaty of Waitangi,[19] a 1840 treaty between Great Britain and over 500 Māori chiefs which created the New Zealand nation state.[20] Opponents of the bill claim it would remove established rights from Māori citizens.[21]

There is an English and a Māori version of the original treaty, which have differences in translation and meaning. Since 1975, Parliament, courts and the Waitangi Tribunal have looked to the wider intention, or spirit, of the treaty, in order to define its principles. The treaty principles are not fixed and are flexible.[22]

ACT says the current principles have distorted the original intent of the treaty and created different rights for some New Zealanders, resulting in Māori having different political and legal rights and privileges compared with non-Māori. Seymour states it "provides an opportunity for parliament, rather than the courts, to define the principles of the treaty, including establishing that every person is equal before the law."[23]

The bill passed a preliminary reading during a parliamentary debate described by 1News as "fiery".[24][25] Māori leaders were disturbed by the fact that the bill was presented a week earlier than had been expected, which they called "dishonourable", and possibly an attempt to pre-empt the national Hīkoi. It was also claimed that it demonstrated a culture of New Zealand governments taking unilateral action without Māori consultation.[26][27] The Treaty Principles Bill would not alter the original Treaty of Waitangi.[28]

Seymour, who is Māori himself, defended the bill, arguing that it was intended to clarify the constitutional position of Māori as the original treaty had suggested but which had not been defined following the success of the 1975 Māori land march. He also said the earlier than anticipated introduction was a normal process and not a surprise.[26][27]

ACT's proposed Treaty Principles Bill consists of three articles,[29][30]

Article 1

Māori: kawanatanga katoa o o ratou whenua

The New Zealand Government has the right to govern all New Zealanders

Article 2

Māori: ki nga tangata katoa o Nu Tirani te tino rangatiratanga o o ratou whenua o ratou kainga me o ratou taonga katoa

The New Zealand Government will honour all New Zealanders in the chieftainship of their land and all their property

Article 3

Māori: a ratou nga tikanga katoa rite tahi

All New Zealanders are equal under the law with the same rights and duties

 
Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke, MP who tore the bill in half and started a haka in Parliament

The coalition's general policy direct towards Māori was already controversial. Still, the treaty's Principle Bill has focused recent discontent.[17] Māori leaders such as Te Pāti Māori co-leader Debbie Ngarewa-Packer believe the bill is detrimental to the principle of tino rangatiratanga.[31] Early in 2024, the Māori Kīngi, Kīngi Tūheitia, called for a hui ā-motu (unification meeting). While Tūheitia died in August, said National Indigenous Television (NITV), "that message has since reverberated across Aotearoa, with subsequent hui in Heretaunga and Ōtautahi (Christchurch), and a message now championed by the eighth Māori monarch", Tūheitia's daughter and the current queen.[25] Māori supporters have argued that it would be effectively "unilaterally changing the meaning of te Tiriti and its effect in law, without the agreement of Māori as the Treaty partner".[32]

Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke was asked in Parliament to state her party's intended voting position on the bill, and she responded by performing the "Ka Mate" haka in the House of Representatives during the first reading of the bill,[31][21] delaying its reading.[25] She also ripped up a draft copy of the bill in front of its author, and both observers in the public gallery and MPs from the Green Party and Labour Party joined the haka.[21] This attracted international attention.[31]

A poll conducted in February 2024 showed 36% in support of a referendum on the bill, with 35% opposed, the rest undecided.[33][34] An October 2024 poll by Curia and commissioned by the Taxpayers' Union found that 45% supported the Treaty Principles Bill, 25% opposed it, and 29% were unsure.[35]

The hīkoi started at Cape Reinga in the far north and Bluff in the far south of New Zealand.[36][37]

Northern hīkoi

edit
 
Protestors prepare to walk down Heretaunga Street in Hastings.

Northland

edit

Kaitaia, Whangārei, Dargaville, and Kawakawa all received the hīkoi.[36] Over 1,000 marched in Whangārei, chanting "We don't want your fast-track, we just want our land back." Both Māori and Pākehā were in the protest. In Laurie Hill Park, the hīkoi had picked up several thousand people, and the crowd was jubilant. Ngātiwai iwi provided food. Eru Kapa-Kingi gave a speech, saying "Why would we speak to ears that would not listen; why would we speak to minds that would not change; why would we speak to a power structure that never should've happened?" [38]

Auckland

edit

Starting in Onopoto Domain in Northcote, around 5,000[39] protestors crossed the Auckland Harbour Bridge in the morning of 13 November.[36][40] Two northbound lanes on the bridge were closed to accommodate the marchers. It was reported that the bridge swayed with the rhythm of the marchers.[39] The hīkoi later stopped at Bastion Point and Ihumātao. Green MP Hūhana Lyndon was with the hīkoi.[40]

Waikato

edit

The main North Island hīkoi ended its third day in Rangiriri.[40] On 14 November, the hīkoi marched on Hamilton, the main centre in the Waikato, the main region of the Kīngitanga. More than 6,000 people marched down Victoria St. An additional 2000 to 3000 people joined at Garden Place. Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke gave a speech.[41]

Bay of Plenty

edit

Around 10,000 people marched through Rotorua on 15 November in heavy rain. Well-known activist Tāme Iti joined the crowd, and Te Pāti Māori co-leader Rawiri Waititi gave a speech.[42]

Gisborne

edit

A secondary hīkoi set off from the top of East Cape in Potaka, making its way down State Highway 35 to meet up with the main convoy eventually in Hastings. In Gisborne, a diverse group of about 3,000 showed out on 14 November 2024. They then marched across the Gladstone Rd bridge, down Wainui Rd and on to London St, then going along Ranfurly St and ending at the Te Poho o Rawiri Marae. Derek Lardelli and former MP Meka Whaitiri appeared at the hīkoi. The hīkoi then left for Hastings.[43]

Hawke's Bay

edit

People watched on from the side of the road as the main convoy entered Hawke's Bay. A local store sold out of Māori flags.[44] Over 3,000 people marched in the streets of Hastings on a rainy 16 November. The march started in the city's Central Plaza, walked down Heretaunga Street, and ended in the city's Civic Square.[45]

Manawatū-Whanganui

edit

The Square, Palmerston North's civic plaza, "burst at the seems" with around 5,000 people attending the rally held there on 17 November. Deputy mayor Debi Marshall-Lobb spoke to the crowd and voiced the city council's support for the hīkoi. The hīkoi's next stop was Levin.[46]

Southern hīkoi

edit

Southland

edit

The southern Hīkoi began in Bluff. Hundreds marched in Invercargill against the bill. Te Pāti Māori MP and MP for Te Tai Tonga Tākuta Ferris lead the southern hīkoi.[37]

Otago

edit

On 12 November over 1000 people filled The Octagon, Dunedin's central civic plaza.[47]

Christchurch

edit

On 13 November, about 2000 protesters filed onto the Bridge of Remembrance.[40] On 17 November, a convoy from Bluff and Invercargill drove up to Christchurch to meet at Tuahiwi Marae. Then the convoy departed to head to Picton then on a ferry crossing to Wellington to meet up at Waitangi Park.[48]

Nelson

edit

Over 2,000 people marched around Nelson on 14 November, from 1903 Square to Trafalgar St then Te Piki Mai on to the city's centre.[49]

Hīkoi arrives in Wellington

edit
 
Hīkoi makes it way through Lambton Quay

The Hīkoi took nine days to reach Wellington after traversing the country,[24] travelling a distance of around 660 mi (1,060 km).[21]

March on Parliament

edit

Leading up to the march on 19 November, there were predictions it would be larger than the 2004 foreshore and seabed protests.[50] Parliament was closed to visitors that morning. Marae in Wellington and surrounding cities hosted hundreds of visitors to the city, preparing for the hīkoi.[31] Public transportation in the city was the busiest ever seen, according to Wellington's transport chair Thomas Nash.[51]

On 19 November, 2000 people walked from Petone to the Wellington train station along State Highway 2.[52] Another group depart from Porirua travelling on State Highway 59 then State Highway 1 to Waitangi Park.[53] Police estimates say about 42,000 people marched on Parliament in Wellington,[54] including some on horseback.[21] The Māori Queen Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō and the Mayor of Wellington Tory Whanau joined the protests in Wellington.[18] [55] Coinciding with the march an online petition opposing the bill received over 200,000 signatures.[54]

Stan Walker and Che Fu sang at the hīkoi and fireworks were let off several times.[56][57] Attendees gave several reasons for their presence including supporting the founding document of Māori modern history (the Treaty), opposing its dilution, to having been summoned to protest by their tupuna (ancestors).[58][24] Outside parliament several MPs and Māori leaders, such as Helmut Modik and Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke, made speeches in support of the hīkoi.[24] Both the New Zealand National Party and New Zealand First said they would not support the bill's passage into law.[26]

Joel MacManus of The Spinoff estimated it was the largest protest Wellington had ever seen, and potentially the largest in New Zealand's history.[59] The BBC described it as "one of the biggest in the country's history".[51]

Following the hīkoi a concert was held in Waitangi Park.[56]

International reaction

edit

Around 300 people, including Indigenous Australians, protested in Sydney on 16 November,[60] while supporters gathered with tino rangatiratanga flags in Honolulu, ending at ʻIolani Palace.[60] In London hundreds of people gathered in protest before the New Zealand High Commission in Haymarket on 19 November,[17] and in New York City, protesters against the bill gathered in Times Square.[60]

Hawaiian-born Hollywood actor Jason Momoa asked his Instagram followers to support the marchers, stating that "they are fighting for their rights, their culture, and their coming generations".[25]

Responses

edit
 
Luxon (left) and Seymour (right)

Prime Minister Christopher Luxon described the arrival of the hīkoi at Parliament as a "significant day". While he stated he had no regrets over his support of the bill in the first reading, he also claimed that "We don't support the bill and it won't be becoming law".[24] He said he was previously open to meeting with organisers, although later dismissed them as being "Te Pāti Māori affiliated."[54]

Deputy Prime Minister, Winston Peters, argued that the Hīkoi was pointless as, regardless of its impact, the bill was always going to be "dead on arrival",[56] calling it "simplistic" and the Hīkoi as a "Maori Party astroturf".[21][61] His view is that there is no Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, and in 2004, his bill removing treaty principles was voted down.[62]

David Seymour said that he was not causing division but "revealing division that was built up over several decades." He insisted a debate on the Treaty and the constitution was needed within New Zealand.[31] Seymour also contested claims that the opposition was trying to rewrite or abolish the Treaty of Waitangi.[19] Seymour and other ACT MPs appeared on the forecourt of Parliament and received a negative reaction from the gathered crowd in the form of chants of "kill the bill"[24] and booing. Seymour stated that the marchers deserved to be heard by parliamentarians, in which capacity he attended,[24] but also argued the hīkoi was not a representation of New Zealand,[63] as only 0.2% of the country's Māori had attended.[56] He appeared outside parliament for approximately five minutes.[56]

Hobson's Pledge, a conservative anti-affirmative action for Māori lobby group, has started a pro-Treaty Principles Bill campaign aimed at the Prime Minister, referring to him as a "scaredy cat" for not supporting the bill further.[64]

Minister of Police Mark Mitchell said it is "critically important" for police to be politically neutral after reports of police officers helping paint signs for the hīkoi and that he had spoken Police Commissioner regarding the matter.[65] Wellington police reported no issues from the protestors.[54]

Destiny Church leader Brian Tamaki led a "Make New Zealand Great Again" motor rally in Auckland on 16 November in opposition to the Hīkoi, lead by about 100 people on motorbikes. The group carried New Zealand flags, which they said was in opposition to the "divisive" Māori sovereignty flags of the Hīkoi to Parliament. The Make NZ Great Again rally caused traffic disruption on New Zealand State Highway 1 after several participants exited their vehicles and marched on the motorway.[66]

Notes

edit
  1. ^ She lead a haka in Parliament in protest of the bill, video of which brought her to international attention.[2]
  2. ^
    • Wellington: ~42,000[4]
    • Rotorua: ~10,000[5]
    • Hamilton:~8,000[6]
    • Auckland:~5,000[7]
    • Palmerston North: ~5,000[8]
    • Hastings:>3,000[9]
    • Gisborne:~3,000[10]
    • Nelson: >2,000[11]
    • Christchurch: ~2,000[12]
    • Whangārei: >1,000[13]
    • Dunedin: ~1,000[14]
  3. ^ as of 09:00 21 November 2024 NZDT[15]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Armah, Mildred (18 November 2024). "Hīkoi leader Eru Kapa-Kingi: 'They had no shoes, no lunches, but I wanted to know why'". Stuff. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  2. ^ "Hana-Rāwhiti Maipi-Clarke and the haka that's been seen 700 million times by a worldwide audience". NZHerald. 19 November 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  3. ^ "Watch: 'Kill the bill, kill the bill' - David Seymour walks out, waves to protesters, leaves". Radio New Zealand. 19 November 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  4. ^ "Tens of thousands descend on Wellington in historic day of mass protest". The New Zealand Herald. 19 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  5. ^ Makiha, Kelly (15 November 2024). "Hīkoi to Parliament: 10,000-strong Rotorua crowd marches to 'kill' Treaty Principles Bill". Rotorua Daily Post. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  6. ^ Tiaki, Pou (14 November 2024). "Hīkoi mō Te Tiriti arrives in Hamilton, war of words arrives in capital". Stuff. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  7. ^ "Toitū te Tiriti hīkoi day three: Auckland Harbour Bridge crossing". 1News. 13 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  8. ^ "Treaty Principles Bill hīkoi: Thousands to set out for Porirua on day seven of march". RNZ. 17 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  9. ^ Korihi, Te Manu (19 November 2024). "Thousands gather as Treaty Principles Bill hīkoi passes through Hastings in rain". RNZ. Archived from the original on 17 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  10. ^ O'Connor, Matai (15 November 2024). "Tairāwhiti Hīkoi mō te Tiriti unites thousands in Gisborne for Treaty rights". Gisborne Herald via NZHerald. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  11. ^ Ridout, Amy (14 November 2024). "Strong support for te Tiriti hīkoi in Whākatu". The Press. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  12. ^ "Hīkoi to spend night in Huntly before continuing in morning". RNZ. 13 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  13. ^ Piper, Denise (12 November 2024). "Hīkoi making waves in Parliament as thousands gather in Whangārei". The Northern Advocate via NZHerald. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  14. ^ te Ua, Henare (12 November 2024). "Octagon packed for hīkoi". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  15. ^ "Stop the Treaty Principles Bill – TOITŪ TE TIRITI!!". Action Station. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  16. ^ "Brian Tamaki convoy causes traffic woes in Auckland". RNZ. 16 November 2024. Archived from the original on 16 November 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  17. ^ a b c "Hundreds gather in London to support hīkoi". RNZ. 19 November 2024. Archived from the original on 18 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  18. ^ a b "Māori Queen to join te hīkoi mō te Tiriti". Radio New Zealand. 18 November 2024. Archived from the original on 18 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  19. ^ a b "ACT launches Treaty Principles Bill information campaign". Radio New Zealand. 7 February 2024. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  20. ^ Corlett, Eva (19 November 2024). "What is the treaty principles bill and why is it causing controversy in New Zealand?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  21. ^ a b c d e f Miller, Michael E. (15 November 2024). "New Zealanders are marching, performing haka to protest divisive bill". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 15 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  22. ^ Corlett, Eva (19 November 2024). "What is the treaty principles bill and why is it causing controversy in New Zealand?". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  23. ^ Corlett, Eva (19 November 2024). "What is the treaty principles bill and why is it causing controversy in New Zealand?". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g "Tens of thousands take part as Hīkoi mō te Tiriti reaches Parliament". 1News. Archived from the original on 19 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  25. ^ a b c d "Māori Queen and Dothraki King throw their support behind protest march". NITV. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  26. ^ a b c "'Dishonourable': Māori leaders furious with early introduction of Treaty Principles Bill". NITV. Archived from the original on 12 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  27. ^ a b "Maori land march – 40 years on". The New Zealand Herald. 14 September 2015. Archived from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  28. ^ "The Treaty Principles Bill has been released: Here's what's in it". RNZ. 7 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  29. ^ "ACT launches Treaty Principles Bill information campaign". Radio New Zealand. 7 February 2024. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  30. ^ "Treaty Principles Bill". Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  31. ^ a b c d e McConnell, Glenn (19 November 2024). "'A generational moment': Hīkoi mō te Tiriti reaches Parliament". Stuff. Archived from the original on 18 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  32. ^ "Senior lawyers call for Treaty Principles Bill to be abandoned". RNZ. 13 November 2024. Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  33. ^ "Do New Zealanders really want a Treaty referendum?". RNZ. 11 February 2024. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  34. ^ "Act launches campaign to twist National's arm on Treaty referendum". The New Zealand Herald. 5 April 2024. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  35. ^ "~2:1 voters support the reworded Treaty Principles Bill (~4:1 Nat, 5:1 NZF, 2:1 A, 1:1 L/G)". New Zealand Taxpayer's Union. 14 October 2024.
  36. ^ a b c Arambepola, Sandra (13 November 2024). "In pictures: Hīkoi mō te Tiriti crosses Auckland on its way to Wellington". Stuff. Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  37. ^ a b Baker, Che (12 November 2024). "Treaty Principles Bill hīkoi takes to southern streets". The Press. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  38. ^ Piper, Denise (12 November 2024). "Hīkoi making waves in Parliament as thousands gather in Whangārei". The Northern Advocate via NZHerald. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  39. ^ a b "Toitū te Tiriti hīkoi day three: Auckland Harbour Bridge crossing". 1News. 13 November 2024. Archived from the original on 16 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  40. ^ a b c d "Hīkoi protest: Thousands march through key Auckland sites on day three". Radio New Zealand. 13 November 2024. Archived from the original on 16 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  41. ^ Tiaki, Pou (14 November 2024). "Hīkoi mō Te Tiriti arrives in Hamilton, war of words arrives in capital". Stuff. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  42. ^ Ruru, Karanama; Armah, Mildred (15 November 2024). "Hīkoi swells to 10,000 in Rotorua, Sydney to join the movement". Stuff. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  43. ^ O'Connor, Matai (15 November 2024). "Tairāwhiti Hīkoi mō te Tiriti unites thousands in Gisborne for Treaty rights". Gisborne Herald via NZHerald. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  44. ^ Riddell, Jack (15 November 2024). "Hīkoi to Parliament: Flagbearers line Hawke's Bay streets for Treaty-bill protest". Hawke's Bay Today via New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 15 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  45. ^ Te Manu Korihi (16 November 2024). "Thousands gather as Treaty Principles Bill hīkoi passes through Hastings in rain". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 17 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  46. ^ "Treaty Principles Bill hīkoi: Thousands to set out for Porirua on day seven of march". Radio New Zealand. 17 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  47. ^ te Ua, Henare (14 November 2024). "Hīkoi mō te Tiriti: South Island one step away from Parliament". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 14 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  48. ^ "Hīkoi mō te Tiriti: South Island one step away from Parliament". RNZ. 14 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  49. ^ Ridout, Amy (14 November 2024). "Strong support for te Tiriti hīkoi in Whākatu". The Press. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  50. ^ Orsman, Bernard (17 November 2024). "Police expecting up to 30,000 people on the hīkoi mō te Tiriti when it arrives at Parliament on Tuesday". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 18 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  51. ^ a b Watson, Katy (20 November 2024). "Thousands flock to NZ capital in huge Māori protests". BBC. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  52. ^ "Hīkoi mō Te Tiriti: The final day march to Parliament in photos". RNZ. 19 November 2024. Archived from the original on 19 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  53. ^ "Hikoi groups travelling from Porirua and Petone this morning". Wellington.Scoop. 18 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  54. ^ a b c d "Tens of thousands take part as Hīkoi mō te Tiriti reaches Parliament". 1News. 19 November 2024. Archived from the original on 19 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  55. ^ "Wellington mayor Tory Whanau joins hīkoi". RNZ. 19 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  56. ^ a b c d e McCaull, Ashleigh (19 November 2024). "'What's good for Māori is good for everyone' – Hīkoi ends with peaceful protest | Asia Pacific Report". Asia Pacific Report. A. P. R. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  57. ^ Rātana, Liam (19 November 2024). "Hīkoi concludes as attention shifts to inside parliament". The Spinoff. Archived from the original on 18 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  58. ^ Huambachano, Mariaelena (6 August 2024). Recovering Our Ancestral Foodways: Indigenous Traditions as a Recipe for Living Well. Univ of California Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-520-39617-3.
  59. ^ MacManus, Joel (20 November 2024). "Was the hīkoi New Zealand's largest-ever protest?". The Spinoff. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  60. ^ a b c Armah, Mildred (18 November 2024). "Jason Momoa throws support behind Treaty hīkoi as movement goes global". Stuff. Archived from the original on 18 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  61. ^ @nzfirst (20 November 2024). "Winston Peters: Yesterday's Hikoi wasn't grassroots it was a Maori Party astroturf" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  62. ^ "Historian supports removal of Treaty principles | Scoop News". www.scoop.co.nz. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  63. ^ "Hīkoi not representative of New Zealand, David Seymour says". RNZ. 19 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  64. ^ Dexter, Giles (20 November 2024). "What now for the Treaty Principles Bill?". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  65. ^ ""Critically important" for police to be politically neutral, Police Minister says". Newstalk ZB. 20 November 2024.
  66. ^ "Brian Tamaki convoy causes traffic woes in Auckland". RNZ. 16 November 2024. Archived from the original on 16 November 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
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