Hervé de Portzmoguer (c. 1470 – 1512), known as "Primauguet", was a Breton naval commander, renowned for his raids on the English and his death in the Battle of St. Mathieu.
Raids
editPortzmoguer participated in armed convoys, protecting merchant ships from pirates and enemy warships at a time when France was often in conflict with England. He also looted foreign ships. In 1506 he was convicted of looting a Scottish ship.
From Morlaix he harassed English ships, which earned complaints from the ambassador of England who wrote to the King of France that "more than thirty vessels" had been captured and looted by Portzmoguer. In retaliation, Admiral Edward Howard's men looted and burned Portzmoguer's mansion in the spring of 1512.
His motto is said to have been War vor ha war zouar (Breton for "On sea and on land").[1]
Death
edit
On 10 August 1512 he went down with his ship Marie de la Cordelière in the Battle of Saint-Mathieu, when it blew up in a struggle with the English warship Regent. Both ships were sunk. Almost all the crew of Marie de la Cordelière were killed. The incident immediately became famous, and the French poet-scholar Germain de Brie wrote a Latin poem which portrayed de Portzmoguer in such a heroic light that English writer Thomas More attacked it mercilessly.[2][3] In his epigrams addressed to de Brie, More ridiculed the poem's description of "Hervé fighting indiscriminately with four weapons and a shield; perhaps the fact slipped your mind, but your reader ought to have been informed in advance that Hervé had five hands."[3]
The explosion that killed de Portzmoguer was subsequently portrayed as a deliberate act of self-sacrificing heroism. He is supposed to have said "Nous allons fêter saint Laurent qui périt par le feu!" ("We will celebrate the feast of Saint Lawrence, who died by fire!") before blowing up the ship to avoid its otherwise inevitable capture by the English.[4][5] In fact there is no evidence that the explosion was intentional.[6][7][8]
The Breton poet Théodore Botrel wrote a heroic poem about this version of the incident. An equally heroic version is portrayed Alan Simon in the song "Belle Marie de la Cordelière" in his rock opera Anne de Bretagne (2008).
French ships named for him
editSix ships in the French Navy were named after him, using his gallicised nickname "Primauguet" - see French ship Primauguet.
References
edit- ^ "Primauguet". Archived from the original on 2014-07-01. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
- ^ Tournoy, Gilbert (1980-06-30). Humanistica Lovaniensia. Leuven University Press. p. 176. ISBN 9789061861072. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
- ^ a b Marius, Richard (1999). Thomas More: A Biography. Harvard University Press. p. 59. ISBN 9780674885257. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
- ^ Jean-Pierre Leguay. Livre six - La fin de l'indépendance bretonne, in Fastes et malheurs de la Bretagne ducale (J-P. Leguay et Hervé Martin coauteurs). Ouest-France Université, 1982. p 425
- ^ Jakez Cornou, Hervé Le Gall (ill. par), L'héroïque combat de la Cordelière 1512, Sked, Pont-l'Abbé, 1998
- ^ Max Guérout, Le dernier combat de la Cordelière, Serpent de Mer, 2002.
- ^ Hervé de Portzmoguer at www.netmarine.net/ Archived 2010-08-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Max Guérout, LE MYTHE DE LA CORDELIÈRE