Horaclupea is an extinct genus of freshwater and estuarine ray-finned fish that inhabited the Indian subcontinent from the latest Cretaceous to the early Eocene. It was a clupeid, making it related to modern herrings and anchovies. It was named after Indian ichthyologist Sunder Lal Hora, who described the first species of the genus.[1]
| Horaclupea Temporal range:
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Clupeiformes |
| Family: | Clupeidae |
| Genus: | †Horaclupea Borkar, 1973 |
| Species | |
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It contains two species:
- †H. geei (Hora, 1937) - early Eocene of the Salt Range in Kohat District, Pakistan (syn: Clupea geei Hora, 1937)[2]
- †H. intertrappea Borkar, 1973 - latest Maastrichtian of the Intertrappean Beds near Bamanbore, India[1]
H. geei was initially described as Clupea geei from multiple specimens, one relatively complete, in an Eocene estuarine fossil fish assemblage discovered near Malgin in Kohat District, Pakistan.[2] H. intertrappea was described in the new genus Horaclupea from several articulated specimens from freshwater sediments in the Intertrappean Beds of India.[1] These formations were initially dated to the Late Paleocene or early Eocene, but have been more recently dated to the latest Cretaceous or earliest Paleocene.[3]
The abundance of H. geei in estuarine sediments, in addition to the occurrence of H. intertrappea in freshwater sediments, suggests that Horaclupea may have been an anadromous taxon that migrated up rivers to breed and schooled in large shoals. It was initially suggested that H. geei may represent the young stage of a hilsa-like clupeid, but the lack of any adult specimens in the Kohat assemblage, as well as the presence of similar individuals in the Intertrappean Beds, indicates that it may just represent a small-sized clupeid species.[1][2]
It was described as being potentially related to Diplomystus[1], but that taxon has since been classified into a different order (Ellimmichthyiformes). However, recent taxonomic reviews have retained Horaclupea as an indeterminate clupeid.[4][5]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Borkar, V. D. (1973). "Fossil Fishes from the Inter-Trappean Beds of Surendranagar District, Saurashtra" (PDF). Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences. 78 (4): 181–193. doi:10.1007/BF03045500.
- ^ a b c Hora, Sunder Lal (1937). "Fossil Fish-Remains from the Saline Series of North-Western India". Records of the Geological Survey of India. 72 (2): 188–194.
- ^ Arratia, G; López-Arbarello, A; Prasad, GVR; Parnar, V; Kriwet, J (2004), Arratia, G; Wilson, MVH; Cloutier, R (eds.), "Late Cretaceous-Paleocene percomorphs (Teleostei) from India - Early radiation of Perciformes" (PDF), Recent advances in the origin and early radiation of vertebrates, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany, pp. 635–655, ISBN 978-3-89937-052-2, retrieved 2024-04-12
- ^ Lavoué, Sébastien; Miya, Masaki; Musikasinthorn, Prachya; Chen, Wei-Jen; Nishida, Mutsumi (2013). "Mitogenomic Evidence for an Indo-West Pacific Origin of the Clupeoidei (Teleostei: Clupeiformes)". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e56485. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...856485L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056485. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3576394. PMID 23431379.
- ^ "A new clupeid fish from the upper Miocene of Greece: A possible Hilsa relative from the Mediterranean - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" (PDF). www.app.pan.pl. 2021. Retrieved 2024-04-11.