Hugh Joseph Gaffey

This article is about the American General. For the Scottish Labour MP, see Hugh Gaffney.

Major General Hugh Joseph Gaffey (November 18, 1895 – June 16, 1946) was a senior United States Army officer. He was a career officer who served in both World War I and World War II. Maj. Gen. Hugh J. Gaffey commanded the XXIII Corps (United States) (17 March 1945 – August 1945) during and through World War II.

Hugh Joseph Gaffey
Born	November 18, 1895 Hartford, Connecticut, United States
Died	June 16, 1946 (aged 50) Godman Army Airfield, Kentucky, United States
Allegiance	United States
Service / branch	United States Army
Years of service	1917–1946
Rank	Major General
Service number	0-8435
Unit	Field Artillery Branch
Commands	2nd Armored Division 4th Armored Division XXIII Corps
Battles / wars	World War I World War II
Awards	Army Distinguished Service Medal (2) Silver Star Legion of Merit Bronze Star (2)

Early life and military career

Born in Hartford, Connecticut, Gaffey graduated from Worcester Academy in 1916 and later attended Officers Training School at Fort Niagara, New York, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Field Artillery Branch of the United States Army Reserve on August 15, 1917, four months after the American entry into World War I. Assigned to the 312th Field Artillery Regiment, part of the 79th Division, at Fort Meade, Maryland, in August 1918 he was sent to the Western Front to serve with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF). He later served in Germany with the 12th Field Artillery Regiment, part of the 2nd Division, before returning to the United States in August 1919, nine months after the war came to an end with the signing of the Armistice with Germany.

Between the wars

During the next two decades in the interwar period, he transferred to the Regular Army and was soon promoted to first lieutenant. He joined the 15th Field Artillery Regiment in 1922 and entered the U.S. Army Field Artillery School at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Graduating from there in 1926, he became a Professor of Military Science and Tactics at Cornell University, New York. In 1935 he attended the U.S. Army Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He graduated the following year and was assigned to the 68th Field Artillery Regiment (Mechanized).

World War II

By July 1940, during World War II (although the United States was still neutral at this point), he was a G-3 staff officer with I Armored Corps. He served with the corps until July 1942, seven months after the American entry into the war, which occurred due to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

He was appointed to the one-star general officer rank of brigadier general on August 5, 1942, and was sent to England in November. Soon afterwards he was sent to Morocco in North Africa to command Combat Command 'B' (CCB) of the 2nd Armored Division. He later served as chief of staff of the II Corps, then fighting in Tunisia, under the command of Lieutenant General George S. Patton Jr., later replaced by Major General Omar Bradley.

From left to right, Major General Hugh Joseph Gaffey and Lieutenant General George S. Patton, pictured here sometime in 1944.

In April 1943, when the campaign in North Africa was coming to an end, he was promoted to the two-star general officer rank of major general and a month later became commanding general (CG) of the 2nd Armored Division, replacing Major General Ernest N. Harmon. At the age of 47, Gaffey was one of the youngest division commanders in the U.S. Army at the time. He commanded the division in the Allied invasion of Sicily (codenamed Operation Husky) in the summer of 1943 where, fighting in difficult mountainous terrain and operating in very hot weather, the division, advancing some 200 miles and facing light resistance, captured the Sicilian capital of Palermo along with thousands of Italian soldiers. The 2nd Armored Division, under Major General Gaffey, was sent to England later in the year to train and spearhead the Allied invasion of Normandy (codenamed Operation Overlord), scheduled for the following year.

Major General Hugh Gaffey addresses heads of regional German governments and Army technical staff at a conference held to discuss the transfer of government to local units. From left to right are: Brigadier General Perry, Assistant Commanding General, Major General Norman Cota, 28th Division; Major General Gaffey, and Lieutenant Colonel Campbell W. Newman. Neustadt, Germany, May 18, 1945.

In April 1944, handing over command of the 2nd Armored Division to Major General Edward H. Brooks, he was designated chief of staff of the Third Army, serving again under Lieutenant General George Patton. Gaffey served in this capacity through the campaign in Western Europe, from the time the Third Army landed in France in July 1944 and played a major role in Operation Cobra and the Battle of the Falaise Gap, followed by the Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine and the Battle of Metz. In December 1944 he replaced Major General John Shirley Wood as CG of the 4th Armored Division, which played a major role in the Battle of the Bulge, helping to break the siege of Bastogne. He remained in command of the division until March 1945, towards the end of the war in Europe, when he became CG of the XXIII Corps. He relinquished command of XXIII Corps in September, when the war ended due to the surrender of Japan.

For his services during the war he was twice awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal.

Postwar

In June 1946, Gaffey was the CG of Fort Knox, Kentucky when he was killed in a B-25 Mitchell crash as it attempted to land at Godman Field, Kentucky. He was buried at the post cemetery.

Namesake

The U.S. Navy transport ship USNS General Hugh J. Gaffey (T-AP-121) was named in his honor on March 1, 1950.

References

 This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.

External links

• Generals of World War II
• United States Army Officers 1939–1945