The Italian Greyhound or Italian Sighthound (Italian: Piccolo levriero Italiano) is an Italian breed of small sighthound.[2] It was bred to hunt hare and rabbit, but is kept mostly as a companion dog.
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History
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Small dogs of sighthound type have long been popular with nobility and royalty. Among those believed to have kept them are Frederick II, Duke of Swabia; members of the D'Este, Medici and Visconti families; the French kings Louis XI, Charles VIII, Charles IX, Louis XIII and Louis XIV;[3] Frederick the Great of Prussia;[4]: 519 Anne of Denmark; Catherine the Great and Queen Victoria.[5] Dogs of this type have often been represented in sculpture – including a second-century Roman statue now in the Vatican Museums – and paintings, notably by Giotto, Sassetta and Tiepolo.[3][6]
Dogs of this kind were taken in the first half of the nineteenth century to the United Kingdom, where they were known as Italian Greyhounds;[7]: 44 the first volume of The Kennel Club Calendar and Stud Book, published in 1874, lists forty of them.[8]: 597 A breed association, the Italian Greyhound Club, was established in Britain in 1900.[9][10]: 157 Registrations by the American Kennel Club began in 1886.[5]
The history of the modern Italian greyhound goes back to the last years of the nineteenth century. A total of six of the dogs were shown in 1901 in Milan and Novara, two in Turin in 1902, and one in Udine in 1903. Numbers began to increase only after the First World War, partly as a result of the work of two individual breeders, Emilio Cavallini and Giulia Ajò Montecuccoli degli Erri.[11][6] In this post-War period the Italian greyhound was bred principally in Italy, France and Germany, and some Italian breeders imported dogs from outside the country. Of the forty-five of the dogs registered in 1926–1927 by the Kennel Club Italiano (as it was then known), twenty-eight were born in Italy and seventeen were imported.[11]
The events of the Second World War brought the Italian greyhound close to extinction, and numbers began to recover only in the 1950s, particularly after 1951, when Maria Luisa Incontri Lotteringhi della Stufa brought the influential bitch Komtesse von Gastuna from Austria.[11][6] The breed was definitively accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in October 1956,[2] and in November of that year a breed society, the Circolo del Levriero Italiano, was formed under the auspices of the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana; it was later renamed the Circolo del Piccolo Levriero Italiano.[11]
In the nine years from 2011 to 2019, the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana recorded a total of 2557 new registrations of the Italian greyhound, with a minimum of 213 and a maximum of 333 per year.[3]
Characteristics
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The Italian Greyhound is the smallest of the sighthounds.[5] It weighs no more than 5 kg and stands 32 to 38 cm at the withers.[1] It is deep in the chest, with a tucked-up abdomen, long slender legs and a long neck. The head is small, elongated and narrow.[1] The gait should be high-stepping and well-sprung, with good forward extension in the trot, and a fast gallop.[1] The coat may be solid black, grey or isabelline; white markings are accepted on the chest and feet only.[1]
Health
editA 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 14 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds.[12] In the United States, the Ortheopedic Foundation for Animals has found the Italian Greyhound to be the least affected by hip dysplasia of 157 breeds studied, with an incidence of 0.[13]
Use
editThe original function of the Italian greyhound was to hunt hare and rabbit; it is capable of bursts of speed up to 60 km/h (37 mph).[14] Although assigned to the sighthound or hare-coursing groups by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale and the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana,[2][3] the Italian Sighthound is – as it was in the past – kept mostly as a companion dog.[15] It is classified as a toy breed by the American Kennel Club and the Kennel Club of the United Kingdom.[5][16]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Piccolo levriero italiano (in Italian). Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana. Accessed February 2020.
- ^ a b c Piccolo levriero italiano (200). Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed February 2020.
- ^ a b c d Piccolo levriero italiano: Storia (in Italian). Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana. Accessed February 2020.
- ^ Desmond Morris (2001). Dogs: A Dictionary of Dog Breeds. London: Ebury. ISBN 9780091870911.
- ^ a b c d Italian Greyhound Dog Breed Information. American Kennel Club. Accessed March 2021.
- ^ a b c Bitte Ahrens, Pierluigi Primavera, Marcello Poli (2018). Il Piccolo Levriero Italiano: Commento allo standard FCI (in Italian). Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana. Accessed May 2023.
- ^ John Henry Walsh ("Stonehenge") (1859). The dog, in health and disease. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.
- ^ Frank C. S. Pearce (1874). The Kennel Club Calendar and Stud Book, volume 1. London: for the Kennel Club.
- ^ Circolo del Piccolo Levriero Italiano (in Italian). Circolo del Piccolo Levriero Italiano. Archived 14 June 2004.
- ^ Cecil Gordon Eugene Wimhurst (1900). The Complete Book of Toy Dogs. New York: Putnam.
- ^ a b c d Circolo del Piccolo Levriero Italiano (in Italian). Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana. Accessed May 2023.
- ^ McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (2024-02-01). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484.
- ^ Hip Dysplasia Statistics. Ortheopedic Foundation for Animals. Archived 10 February 2010.
- ^ Piccolo Levriero Italiano (in Italian). Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana. Archived 7 July 2014.
- ^ Cenni Storici (in Italian). Circolo del Piccolo Levriero Italiano. Archived 15 June 2004.
- ^ Italian Greyhound. The Kennel Club. Accessed March 2021.
Further reading
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- Maria Luisa Incontri Della Stufa (1956). Il piccolo levriero italiano nell'arte e nella storia (in Italian). Firenze: Sansoni.
- [s.n.] (2004). Le razze italiane (in Italian). Milano: Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia.