Keenie Meenie Services (or KMS Ltd), was a British private military contractor set up by former Special Air Service (SAS) officers in 1975. It operated as a mercenary force in countries where the United Kingdom had political interests, such as Oman, Uganda, Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.
History
editKen Connor, writing in Ghost Force: The Secret History of the SAS, stated that KMS "took its name from the Swahili word for the movement of a snake through grass".[1] The company's name has also been attributed to SAS slang for covert operations.[2]
KMS was founded in 1975 by Brigadier Mike Wingate Gray, Colonel Jim Johnson, Major David Walker, and Major Andrew Nightingale, when it started guarding British diplomats in Buenos Aires.[3]
Phil Miller's book Keenie Meenie: The British Mercenaries Who Got Away with War Crimes, drawing on declassified UK government documents, suggests that despite efforts to rein in the use of mercenaries by the government of Harold Wilson in 1976, KMS had sufficiently good connections to government departments in Whitehall that they were able to ignore these efforts. Miller's research claims that KMS went on to commit war crimes in Sri Lanka and Nicaragua.[4]
During the Soviet–Afghan War KMS under authority from the British government was active in training small Afghan commando units from 1983 and continued for another four years mostly operating outside of Afghanistan in places such Oman and Saudi Arabia.[5]
In 1984, KMS began training the Special Task Force (STF) of the Sri Lanka Police in its civil war with Tamil separatist group, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE or Tamil Tigers).[6] The Tamil Guardian reported in 2001 that the STF went on to commit torture and summary executions of civilians. The report also states that KMS personnel quit their lucrative contracts in Sri Lanka because STF personnel were "out of control".[7] The UK Foreign Office did not want to officially send military aid to Sri Lanka during its war with the Tamil Tigers for fear of jeopardising commercial and trade relations with India. Later, they helped Indian forces that battled with LTTE, particularly they provided air cover.[8][6]
In 1987, the exposure of the Iran-Contra Affair revealed that KMS "was part of a private network that assisted Nicaraguan insurgents".[9] In the mid 80s, KMS had also been given a US military contract to help train Afghan rebels in sabotage in their insurgency against occupying Soviet forces.[1] John Cooley's 2002 book, Unholy Wars, stated that "It was indeed KMS ... to which the main British role in training holy warrior cadre for the Afghan jihad seems to have fallen."[10][11] KMS remained in contact with the CIA about training Afghan rebels until at least 1987.[12]
Although KMS closed down in the early 1990s, a subsidiary company, Saladin Security Ltd, has continued to operate in Afghanistan, where it was hired by the Canadian government in Kabul. The company openly stated that "Saladin with its predecessor KMS Ltd., has provided security services since 1975".[10]
References
edit- ^ a b Foden, Giles (15 September 2001). "Books on international terrorism". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ Musah, Abdel-Fatau; Fayemi, Kayode; Fayemi, J. 'Kayode (2000). Mercenaries: An African Security Dilemma. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-1471-6.
- ^ Miller, Phil (2020). Keenie Meenie : the British mercenaries who got away with war crimes. London. ISBN 978-1-78680-584-3. OCLC 1135758174.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Doward, Jamie (18 January 2020). "Revealed: clandestine actions of mercenaries during Thatcher years". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ Cormac, Rory (2018). Disrupt and Deny: Spies, Special Forces, and the Secret Pursuit of British Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press. pp. 235–36. ISBN 9780198784593.
- ^ a b "British mercenaries investigated over Sri Lanka war crimes". BBC News. 30 November 2020.
- ^ "An elite believing in terror as their creed". Tamil Guardian. 25 July 2001. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013.
- ^ "India used British mercenary pilots in fight against LTTE in 1980s: Book". The New Indian Express. 6 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ Rogers, David (25 March 1987). "UK Security firm with Thatcher ties had role in Contra aid, data indicate" (PDF). Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ a b Koring, Paul (22 October 2007). "Hired gunmen protect VIPs". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
- ^ Cooley, John K. (20 June 2002). Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-1917-9.
- ^ Cormac, Rory (9 May 2018). Disrupt and Deny: Spies, Special Forces, and the Secret Pursuit of British Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-108753-0.