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Kolomna (Russian: Коломна, IPA: [kɐˈlomnə]) is a historic city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Moskva and Oka Rivers, 114 kilometers (71 mi) (by rail) southeast of Moscow. Population: 144,589 (2010 Census);[3] 150,129 (2002 Census);[7] 161,881 (1989 Soviet census).[8]
Kolomna
Коломна | |
|---|---|
 Historic center of Kolomna | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Kolomna  | |
  Kolomna Location of Kolomna  Kolomna Kolomna (Moscow Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 55°05′N 38°47′E / 55.083°N 38.783°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Moscow Oblast[1] |
| Founded | 1177 |
| Government | |
| • Body | Council of Deputies |
| • Head | Valery Shuvalov |
| Area | |
• Total | 67.12 km2 (25.92 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 185 m (607 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 144,589 |
| • Rank | 119th in 2010 |
| • Density | 2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi) |
| • Subordinated to | Kolomna City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Capital of | Kolomensky District,[1] Kolomna City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Kolomna Urban Okrug[2] |
| • Capital of | Kolomna Urban Okrug,[4] Kolomensky Municipal District[2] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 140400 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 496 |
| OKTMO ID | 46738000001 |
| Website | www |
History
editMentioned for the first time in 1177, Kolomna[9] was founded in 1140–1160 according to the latest archaeological surveys.[10] Kolomna's name may originate from the Old Russian term for "on the bend (in the river)", especially as the old city is located on a sharp bend in the Moscow River. In 1301, Kolomna became the first town to be incorporated into the Moscow Principality.[11]
Like some other ancient Russian cities, it has a kremlin, which is a citadel similar to the more famous one in Moscow and also built of red brick.[12] The stone Kolomna Kremlin was built from 1525–1531 under the Russian Tsar Vasily III. The Kolomna citadel was a part of the Great Abatis Border[13] and, although much of the surrounding wall was removed in the eighteenth century and materials used to construct other public buildings, the remaining stretch of wall, several towers, and some interior buildings have been preserved and held in good shape with a museum located inside. In front of the façade stands a statue of Dmitry Donskoy, celebrating the gathering of his troops in Kolomna prior to the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380.
The civic arms of Kolomna were granted by Empress Catherine II, who was influenced by the similar-sounding name of the famous Colonna family of Rome. Hence, the similar appearance of the arms, despite there being no connection between the Roman family and the city of Kolomna.
Due to sensitive military production of missile components, Kolomna was a closed city until 1994. It is not listed as a city of the Golden Ring, despite its kremlin and the large number of well-preserved churches and monasteries.
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Kolomna serves as the administrative center of Kolomensky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Kolomna City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Kolomna City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Kolomna Urban Okrug.[2]
Transportation
editKolomna is located on the Ryazan line of the Moscow railroad, 116 kilometers (72 mi) from Moscow. In Kolomna, there are five railway stations (Kolomna, Shchurovo, Bochmanovo, 6 km, and Sychevo) and one terminal (Golutvin).
Two bus terminals are located in the city. Public transport in the city is represented by tram and city bus lines.
Kolomna is situated on three rivers, and has passenger and transport berths, with the most well-known being Bochmanovo berth.
Sports
editThe Kolomna Speed Skating Center is an indoor ice speed skating oval used for Russian and international championships. It hosted the 2008 European Speed Skating Championships and the 2016 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships. The Kolomna Speed Skating Center is considered one of the most modern ice speed skating ovals in the world.
Geography
editThe city is situated at the confluence of the Moskva and Oka Rivers, 114 kilometers (71 mi) (by rail) southeast of Moscow.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Kolomna (extremes 1913–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) |
8.9 (48.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
29.8 (85.6) |
34.1 (93.4) |
35.4 (95.7) |
39.5 (103.1) |
39.7 (103.5) |
30.3 (86.5) |
24.3 (75.7) |
19.1 (66.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
39.7 (103.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.2 (24.4) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
12.0 (53.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.7 (74.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
9.5 (49.1) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
10.4 (50.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.1 (19.2) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.6 (63.7) |
19.7 (67.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
11.9 (53.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.2 (13.6) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
1.5 (34.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.7 (53.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
7.2 (45.0) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
1.6 (34.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.1 (−36.6) |
−40.4 (−40.7) |
−31.4 (−24.5) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
2.9 (37.2) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
−40.8 (−41.4) |
−40.8 (−41.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41.4 (1.63) |
35.4 (1.39) |
31.2 (1.23) |
36.1 (1.42) |
50.1 (1.97) |
68.8 (2.71) |
69.8 (2.75) |
64.5 (2.54) |
52.1 (2.05) |
55.5 (2.19) |
41.1 (1.62) |
43.7 (1.72) |
589.7 (23.22) |
| Source: pogoda.ru.net[14] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Year | 1897 | 1926 | 1939 | 1959 | 1962 | 1967 | 1970 | 1973 | 1976 | 1979 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Рopulation | 20.9 | 35 | 85 | 118 | 125 | 131 | 136 | 140 | 145 | 146.5 |
| Year | 1982 | 1986 | 1989 | 1992 | 1996 | 1998 | 2000 | 2001 | 2003 | 2006 |
| Рopulation | 151 | 158 | 162 | 163.7 | 153.6 | 152.1 | 150.7 | 149.6 | 150.1 | 148.0 |
Notable people
edit.jpg)
- Vitalik Buterin, Russian-Canadian programmer, writer, and creator of Ethereum
- Dmitry Dorofeyev, speed skater
- Philaret Drozdov, Metropolitan of Moscow
- Nikolay Epshtein, Soviet ice hockey coach
- Edward Frenkel, Russian-American mathematician
- Olga Graf, speed skater
- Sergey Gorshkov, Soviet admiral
- Mikhail Katukov, commander of armored troops in the Red Army
- Ivan Lazhechnikov, writer
- Yekaterina Lobysheva, speed skater
- Sergey Malitsky, fantasy fiction writer
- Eduard Malofeyev, football player and manager
- Mikhail Tyurin, cosmonaut
- Nina Vatolina, poster artist
Attractions
edit
- Kolomna Kremlin including:
- Old Golutvin Monastery near the city, at the confluence of the Moskva and Oka rivers
- Posad, with several parish churches
- Church of John the Baptist, one of the oldest surviving buildings in the Moscow region (datable to the 14th century)
- Museum of pastila, a locally produced fruit candy
- Kolomna Speed Skating Center
- Museum of Organic Culture
International relations
editTwin towns and sister cities
editKolomna is twinned with:
Maladzyechna, Belarus
Bauska, Latvia
Moscow, Russia
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Law #11/2013-OZ
- ^ a b c d Law #153/2004-OZ
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Law #43/2005-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ "The History of Kolomna". [in English]. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
- ^ (in Russian) Мазуров А. Б. Средневековая Коломна в XIV — первой трети XVI вв. / Под ред. В. Л. Янина. М.: Александрия, 2001. С. 58
- ^ Nossov K. S. Medieval Russian Fortresses AD 862-1480. Osprey Publishing. 2012. P. 8
- ^ Brumfield W. C. Landmarks of Russian Architecture: A Photographic Survey. Routledge. Pp. 94-95
- ^ Several towers and two parts of walls
- ^ "Климат Коломны" (in Russian). Retrieved December 27, 2022.
Sources
edit- Московская областная Дума. Закон №11/2013-ОЗ от 31 января 2013 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области», в ред. Закона №249/2019-ОЗ от 29 ноября 2019 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области"». Вступил в силу на следующий день после официального опубликования (13 января 2013 г.). Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №24, 12 февраля 2013 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #11/2013-OZ of January 31, 2013 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast, as amended by the Law #249/2019-OZ of November 29, 2019 On amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast". Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication (January 13, 2013).).
- Московская областная Дума. Закон №153/2004-ОЗ от 25 ноября 2004 г. «О статусе и границе городского округа Коломна», в ред. Закона №52/2010-ОЗ от 6 мая 2010 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "О статусе и границе городского округа Коломна" и Закон Московской области "О статусе и границах Коломенского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №231, 4 декабря 2004 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #153/2004-OZ of November 25, 2004 On the Status and the Border of Kolomna Urban Okrug, as amended by the Law #52/2010-OZ of May 6, 2010 On Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Status and the Border of Kolomna Urban Okrug" and the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Status and Borders of Kolomensky Municipal District and the Newly Established Municipal Formations It Comprises". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Московская областная Дума. Закон №43/2005-ОЗ от 15 февраля 2005 г. «О статусе и границах Коломенского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований», в ред. Закона №121/2011-ОЗ от 14 июля 2011 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "О статусе и границах Коломенского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №35, 26 февраля 2005 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #43/2005-OZ of February 15, 2005 On the Status and the Borders of Kolomensky Municipal District and the Newly Established Municipal Formations Comprising It, as amended by the Law #121/2011-OZ of July 14, 2011 On Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Status and the Borders of Kolomensky Municipal District and the Newly Established Municipal Formations Comprising It". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911.