Jefferson Airplane was an American psychedelic rock band from San Francisco, California. Formed in 1965, the group originally featured vocalist and rhythm guitarist Marty Balin, vocalist Signe Toly Anderson, lead guitarist and vocalist Jorma Kaukonen, rhythm guitarist and vocalist Paul Kantner, bassist Bob Harvey and drummer Jerry Peloquin. The band's 1966 to 1970 lineup of Balin, Kaukonen, Kantner, vocalist and keyboardist Grace Slick, bassist Jack Casady and drummer Spencer Dryden were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.[1][2] Jefferson Airplane was active through 1972, after which Kaukonen and Casady departed to focus on their side project Hot Tuna and the remaining members eventually took on new members and reorganized as Jefferson Starship.[3]
In 1989, Jefferson Airplane reformed for an album and tour, with Slick, Balin, Kaukonen, Kantner and Casady joined by session/touring musicians. A second reformation followed at the band's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction in 1996.
History
editJefferson Airplane was formed in mid-1965 by vocalist and guitarist Marty Balin. He selected rhythm guitarist and vocalist Paul Kantner, to join the band, the two men then recruited the remaining initial members: vocalist Signe Toly Anderson, lead guitarist and vocalist Jorma Kaukonen, double bassist Bob Harvey and drummer Jerry Peloquin.[4] Peloquin left a few weeks after the band's formation following an altercation with Kantner,[5][6] with Alexander "Skip" Spence taking his place.[7] Before the end of the year, Harvey was also fired and replaced by Jack Casady, who played electric bass, which was preferred by the band instead of double bass.[8] Spence and Anderson both left in 1966 after the recording of Jefferson Airplane Takes Off, with Spence replaced by Spencer Dryden in May,[9][10] and Anderson replaced by Grace Slick in October.[11]
With Slick and Dryden, the lineup of Jefferson Airplane remained stable for more than three years, releasing a string of commercially successful albums.[4] The roster remained stable until February 1970, when Dryden left Jefferson Airplane.[10] Changing power dynamics within the group and the killing of Meredith Hunter at the Altamont Free Concert in 1969 led him to become increasingly dissatisfied, and after threatened to leave the band on numerous occasions, the rest of the members eventually decided to dismiss him.[10]
Dryden was replaced by Joey Covington, a bandmate of Kaukonen, Kantner and Casady in Hot Tuna, who had previously performed percussion on the band's 1969 album Volunteers.[10][12] In October 1970, violinist Papa John Creach (who had also performed with Hot Tuna) was added to the group's lineup.[4] After continuing to tour throughout 1970, founding member Balin left Jefferson Airplane in April 1971 due to "long-standing ego clashes" with Kantner and Slick, as well as differing lifestyle choices and the death of Janis Joplin, which he explains "struck [him]".[13][14]
Covington left after recording two songs during the sessions of Long John Silver in April 1972, with John Barbata replacing him for the rest of the recording and then staying on afterwards.[4] David Freiberg, formerly of Quicksilver Messenger Service, joined the band for the album's promotional touring cycle as a replacement for Balin.[15] Jefferson Airplane performed its final show on the Long John Silver tour on September 22, 1972, which ultimately proved to be the final performance of Jefferson Airplane's original tenure despite there being no formal announcement to that effect.[16] Kaukonen and Casady returned to performing with Hot Tuna full time, while the remaining five members (Kantner, Slick, Freiberg, Barbata and Creach), would add new members and regroup under the name Jefferson Starship in January 1974.[4][3]
Jefferson Airplane returned in 1989 with a self-titled album featuring Balin, Kaukonen, Kantner, Casady and Slick, along with drummer Kenny Aronoff and several additional guest contributors.[17] The band toured in promotion of the release with keyboardist Tim Gorman and guitarists Randy Jackson and Peter Kaukonen (Jorma's brother).[18] A second reunion followed in early 1996 when the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, with Balin, Kaukonen, Kantner, Casady and Dryden performing together for the first time since 1970; Slick was unable to attend the performance due to a foot injury which prevented her from traveling.[19]
Several members have since died – Papa John Creach on February 22, 1994,[20] Skip Spence on April 16, 1999,[21] Spencer Dryden on January 11, 2005,[22] Joey Covington on June 4, 2013,[23] Signe Toly Anderson and Paul Kantner on January 28, 2016,[24] and Marty Balin on September 27, 2018.[25]
Members
edit| Image | Name | Years active | Instruments | Release contributions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jorma Kaukonen |
|
|
all Jefferson Airplane releases | |
| Paul Kantner |
|
| ||
| Marty Balin |
|
|
all Jefferson Airplane releases, except Bark (1971), Long John Silver (1972) and Thirty Seconds Over Winterland (1973) | |
| Signe Toly Anderson | 1965–1966 (died 2016) |
|
| |
| Bob Harvey | 1965 | double bass | none | |
| Jerry Peloquin | drums | |||
| Skip Spence | 1965–1966 (died 1999) |
|
| |
| Jack Casady |
|
|
all Jefferson Airplane releases | |
| Grace Slick |
|
|
all Jefferson Airplane releases, except Jefferson Airplane Takes Off (1965) | |
| Spencer Dryden |
|
|
| |
| Joey Covington | 1970–1972 (died 2013) |
|
| |
| Papa John Creach | 1970–1972 (died 1994) |
|
| |
| John Barbata | 1972 |
|
| |
| David Freiberg |
|
Thirty Seconds Over Winterland (1973) | ||
| Kenny Aronoff | 1989 (session and touring) |
|
Jefferson Airplane (1989) | |
| Peter Kaukonen | rhythm guitar | |||
| Tim Gorman | 1989 (touring) | keyboards | none | |
| Randy Jackson |
|
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Timelines
editMembers
editOriginal tenure
Reunions
Recordings
edit| Album | Vocals, guitar | Vocals | Lead guitar | Rhythm guitar | Bass | Keyboards | Drums | Violin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jefferson Airplane Takes Off (1966) | Marty Balin | Signe Toly Anderson | Jorma Kaukonen | Paul Kantner | Jack Casady | none | Skip Spence Spencer Dryden |
none |
| Surrealistic Pillow (1967) | Grace Slick | Grace Slick | Spencer Dryden | |||||
| After Bathing at Baxter's (1967) | ||||||||
| Crown of Creation (1968) | ||||||||
| Volunteers (1969) | ||||||||
| Bark (1971) | none | Joey Covington | Papa John Creach | |||||
| Long John Silver (1972) | Joey Covington John Barbata | |||||||
| Jefferson Airplane (1989) | Marty Balin | Kenny Aronoff (session member) |
none |
Lineups
editA list of the different lineups of Jefferson Airplane with membership changes in each subsequent entry in bold.
| Period | Members | Releases |
|---|---|---|
| Summer 1965 |
|
none – live performances only |
| August – October 1965 |
| |
| October 1965 – May 1966 |
|
|
| May – October 1966 |
|
|
| October 1966 – February 1970 |
|
|
| February – October 1970 |
|
none – live performances only |
| October 1970 – April 1971 |
| |
| April 1971 – March 1972 |
|
|
| March – July 1972 |
|
|
| July – September 1972 |
|
|
| Band inactive 1972–1989 | ||
| 1989 |
|
|
| 1989 |
|
none – Jefferson Airplane tour only |
| Band inactive 1989–1996 | ||
| January 17, 1996 |
|
none – Rock and Roll Hall of Fame performance only |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Lewis, Randy (September 28, 2018). "Marty Balin, co-founder of Jefferson Airplane, dies at 76". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- ^ Hinckley, David (January 19, 1996). "This is Dedicated to the Women We Love From Shirelles to Gladys Knight, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Dinner Swells with the Feminine Mystique After Its Years of Guys with Guitars". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
- ^ a b Ruhlmann, William. "Jefferson Starship: Artist Biography". AllMusic. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Ruhlmann, William. "Jefferson Airplane: Biography & History". AllMusic. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ Harvey, Bob. "Recollections of Skip Spence and Signe Toly Anderson". The Hangar. Archived from the original on 17 October 2003. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
- ^ Roberts, Mike (23 October 2014). "San Francisco is no place for a saw mill boy". Mountain Democrat. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
- ^ Fenton, Craig (November 22, 2006). Take Me to a Circus Tent: The Jefferson Airplane Flight Manual. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Infinity Publishing. pp. 461–462. ISBN 978-0741436566. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ Unterberger, Richie. "Bob Harvey: Biography & History". AllMusic. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ Perrone, Pierre (April 19, 1999). "Obituary: Skip Spence". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 8, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ a b c d Perrone, Pierre (January 17, 2005). "Obituary: Spencer Dryden". The Independent. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ "Signe Anderson, Jefferson Airplane Singer, Dies at 74". The New York Times. February 2, 2016. Archived from the original on February 9, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
- ^ Reilly, Dan (June 5, 2013). "Joey Covington, Jefferson Airplane Drummer, Dead at 67". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Marty Balin: Biography & History". AllMusic. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ Tamarkin, Jeff (April 1993). "The Jefferson Airplane Chronicles: Part Six, Marty Balin". Relix. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
- ^ Unterberger, Richie. "David Freiberg: Biography & History". AllMusic. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Last Flight - Jefferson Airplane: Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Jefferson Airplane - Jefferson Airplane: Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ Pareles, Jon (August 31, 1989). "Review/Rock; Reunited Jefferson Airplane: Still Loose, Still Utopian". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ Greene, Andy (April 7, 2014). "9. Jefferson Airplane (1996): 32 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Reunions That Actually Happened". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
- ^ "Papa John Creach, A Violinist Versed In Pop, Dies at 76". The New York Times. February 23, 1994. Archived from the original on October 16, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
- ^ Hughes, Rob (January 23, 2015). "Dark Star: The Tragic Genius Of Skip Spence". Classic Rock. Archived from the original on July 31, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
- ^ Devenish, Colin (January 13, 2005). "Jefferson Airplane's Spencer Dryden Dies". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
- ^ Reilly, Dan (June 5, 2013). "Joey Covington, Jefferson Airplane Drummer, Dead at 67". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 28, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
- ^ Kreps, Daniel (January 31, 2016). "Signe Anderson, Original Jefferson Airplane Singer, Dead at 74". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 1, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
- ^ Greene, Andy (September 28, 2018). "Jefferson Airplane Co-Founder Marty Balin Dead at 76". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2019.