This is a list of culinary herbs and spices. Specifically these are food or drink additives of mostly botanical origin used in nutritionally insignificant quantities for flavoring or coloring.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Spices_22078028.jpg/220px-Spices_22078028.jpg)
This list does not contain fictional plants such as aglaophotis, or recreational drugs such as tobacco. It also excludes plants used primarily for herbal teas or medicinal purposes.
A
edit- Aidan fruit; Aridan, prekese, uyayak, osakrisa, dawo (Tetrapleura tetraptera)
- Ajwain, carom seeds (Trachyspermum ammi) (Pakistan, South Asia, India, Afghanistan, Iran, Egypt, Eritrea & Ethiopia)
- Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum)
- Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria), for red color
- Alligator pepper, mbongo spice (mbongochobi), hepper pepper (Aframomum danielli, A. citratum, A. exscapum) (West Africa)
- Allspice (Pimenta dioica)
- Angelica (Angelica archangelica)
- Anise (Pimpinella anisum)
- Aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum) (Australia)
- Annatto (Bixa orellana)
- Artemisia (Artemisia spp.)
- Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida)
- Avens (Geum urbanum)
- Avocado leaf (Persea americana)
B
edit- Bai zhi, Dahurian angelica (Angelica dahurica)
- Barberry (Berberis vulgaris and other Berberis spp.)
- Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum)
- Basil, African; Scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum)
- Basil, Holy (Ocimum tenuiflorum)
- Basil, lemon (Ocimum × citriodorum)
- Basil, Thai (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora)
- Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis)
- Bay leaf, Indian; tejpat, malabathrum (Cinnamomum tamala)
- Bay leaf, Indonesian; Indonesian laurel, Salam leaf, daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum)
- Bay leaf, Mexican; laurél (Litsea glaucescens)
- Bay leaf, West Indian (Pimenta racemosa)
- Blue fenugreek, blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea)
- Boldo (Peumus boldus)
- Borage (Borago officinalis)
C
edit- California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)
- Cao guo, Chinese black cardamom (Lanxangia tsaoko) (China)
- Calabash nutmeg; African Calabash nutmeg, ehuru, Jamaican nutmeg, ariwo (Monodora myristica)
- Caper (Capparis spinosa)
- Caraway (Carum carvi)
- Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
- Cardamom, black; badi ilaichi (Amomum subulatum, Amomum costatum) (India, Pakistan)
- Cardamom, Chinese white; bai dou kou (Wurfbainia compacta) (China)
- Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum)
- Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum)
- Celery leaf (Apium graveolens)
- Celery seed (Apium graveolens)
- Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium)
- Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
- Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.)
- Chironji, charoli (Buchanania lanzan)
- Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
- Cicely, sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata)
- Cilantro, coriander greens, coriander herb, Chinese parsley (Coriandrum sativum)
- Cinnamon, Indonesian (Cinnamomum burmannii, Cassia vera)
- Cinnamon, Saigon or Vietnamese (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
- Cinnamon, true or Ceylon (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum)
- Cinnamon, white (Canella winterana)
- Cinnamon myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia) (Australia)
- Clary, Clary sage (Salvia sclarea)
- Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
- Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum)
- Coriander, Vietnamese (Persicaria odorata)
- Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita)
- Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba)
- Culantro, culangot, long coriander, recao (Eryngium foetidum)
- Cumin (Cuminum cyminum)
- Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii)
- Curry plant (Helichrysum italicum)
- Cyperus articulatus
D
editE
edit- Elderflower (Sambucus spp.)
- Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides)
F
edit- Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
- Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
- Fenugreek, Blue; blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea)
- Filé powder, gumbo filé (Sassafras albidum)
- Fingerroot, temu kuntji, krachai, k'cheay, galangal (Boesenbergia rotunda) (Java, Thailand, Cambodia)
- Fish mint, leaf; giấp cá (Houttuynia cordata) (Vietnam)
- Fish mint, rhizome; zhé ěrgēn (Houttuynia cordata) (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guangxi provinces of China)
G
edit- Galangal, greater (Alpinia galanga)
- Galangal, lesser (Alpinia officinarum)
- Garlic (Allium sativum)
- Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum)
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
- Ginger, torch; bunga siantan (Etlingera elatior) (Indonesia)
- Golpar, Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) (Iran)
- Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta)
- Grains of Selim, Kani pepper, uda (Xylopia aethiopica)
H
edit- Hoja santa, hierba santa, acuyo (Piper auritum) (Mexico)
- Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
- Huacatay, Mexican marigold, mint marigold (Tagetes minuta)
- Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)
J
edit- Jasmine flowers (Jasminum spp.)
- Jakhya (Cleome viscosa)
- Jalapeño (Capsicum annuum cultivar)
- Jimbu (Allium hypsistum) (Nepal)
- Juniper berry (Juniperus communis)
K
edit- Kaffir lime leaves, Makrud lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) (Southeast Asia)
- Kala zeera, kala jira, black cumin (Bunium persicum) (South Asia)
- Keluak, kluwak, kepayang (Pangium edule)
- Kencur, kentjur, shan nai, sha jiang, sand ginger, galangal (Kaempferia galanga) (Java, Bali, China)
- Kinh gioi, Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata)
- Kokum seed (Garcinia indica) (Indian confectionery)
- Kokum (rind of G. indica fruit), a souring agent (India)
- Korarima, Ethiopian cardamom, false cardamom (Aframomum corrorima) (Eritrea)
- Koseret leaves (Lippia abyssinica) (Ethiopia)
- Kudum Puli (Garcinia gummi-gutta)
- Kutjura (Solanum centrale) (Australia)
L
edit- Lavender (Lavandula spp.)
- Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)
- Lemon ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana) (Australia)
- Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) (Australia)
- Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora)
- Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other Cymbopogon spp.)
- Leptotes bicolor (Paraguay and southern Brazil)
- Lesser calamint, nipitella, nepitella (Calamintha nepeta) (Italy)
- Licorice, liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
- Lovage leaves (Levisticum officinale)
- Lovage seeds (Levisticum officinale)
- Locust beans (Ceratonia siliqua)
M
edit- Mace (Myristica fragrans)
- Mahleb, mahalepi, St. Lucie cherry (Prunus mahaleb)
- Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
- Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus)
- Mint (Mentha spp.), 25 species, hundreds of varieties
- Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica)[1]
- Mountain horopito (Pseudowintera colorata), 'pepper-plant' (New Zealand)
- Musk mallow, abelmosk (Abelmoschus moschatus)
- Mustard, black, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica nigra)
- Mustard, brown, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica juncea)
- Mustard, white, mustard plant, mustard seed (Sinapis alba)
- Mustard, yellow (Brassica hirta = Sinapis alba)
N
edit- New Mexico chile (Capsicum annuum 'New Mexico Group', also known as Hatch or Anaheim) which includes Big Jim, Chimayó, and Sandia, and other pepper cultivars.
- Nigella, black caraway, black cumin, black onion seed, kalonji (Nigella sativa)
- Njangsa, djansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii) (West Africa)
- Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
O
edit- Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species)
- Oregano, Cuban (Coleus amboinicus)
- Oregano, Greek, Turkish oregano (Origanum vulgare var. hirtum)
- Oregano, Mexican (Lippia graveolens)
- Orris root (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida)
P
edit- Pandan flower, kewra (Pandanus odoratissimus)
- Pandan leaf, screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius)
- Pápalo (Porophyllum ruderale) (Mexico and South America)
- Paprika (Capsicum annuum)
- Paracress (Acmella oleracea) (Brazil)
- Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
- Passion berry, Tena adam (Amharic) (Ruta chalepensis)
- Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium)
- Pepper, Ashanti, uziza, Edo Pepper, Guinea cubeb (Piper guineense)
- Pepper, black, white, and green (Piper nigrum)
- Pepper, Brazilian, or pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
- Pepper, Dorrigo (Tasmannia stipitata) (Australia)
- Pepper, long (Piper longum)
- Pepper, mountain, Cornish pepper leaf (Tasmannia lanceolata)
- Peppermint (Mentha piperata)
- Peppermint gum leaf (Eucalyptus dives)
- Perilla (Mentha pulegium)
- Peruvian pepper (Schinus molle)
- Pipicha, straight-leaf pápalo (Porophyllum linaria) (Mexico)
- Poppy seed (Papaver somniferum)
- Purslane
Q
edit- Quassia (Quassia amara), bitter spice in aperitifs and some beers and fortified wines
R
edit- Red rice powder (Monascus purpureus) (China)
- Rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica) (Vietnam)
- Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
- Rue (Ruta graveolens)
S
edit- Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), only for yellow color
- Saffron (Crocus sativus)
- Sage (Salvia officinalis)
- Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor)
- Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
- Sesame Seed, Black Sesame Seed (Sesamum indicum)
- Savory, summer (Satureja hortensis)
- Savory, winter (Satureja montana)
- Sha ren (Wurfbainia villosa) (China)
- Shiso (Perilla frutescens)
- Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum)
- Silphium, silphion, laser, laserpicium, sorado (Ancient Roman cuisine, Ancient Greek cuisine)
- Sorrel (Rumex acetosa)
- Sorrel, sheep (Rumex acetosella)
- Spearmint (Mentha spicata)
- Spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora or N. jatamansi)
- Star anise (Illicium verum)
- Stone parsley (Sison amomum)[2][3][4]
- Strawberry Gum (Eucalyptus olida) (Australia)
- Sumac (Rhus coriaria)
- Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum)
T
edit- Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)
- Tasmanian pepper (Tasmannia lanceolata)
- Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
- Thyme, lemon (Thymus citriodorus)
- Tonka beans (Dipteryx odorata)
- Turkey berries, pendejera (Solanum torvum)
- Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
V
edit- Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)
- Voatsiperifery (Piper borbonense) [Madagascar]
W
edit- Wasabi (Wasabia japonica)
- Water-pepper, smartweed (Polygonum hydropiper)
- Wattleseed (from about 120 spp. of Australian Acacia)
- Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum)
- Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)
- Wood avens, herb bennet (Geum urbanum)
- Woodruff (Galium odoratum)
- Wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium)
Y
edit- Yerba buena, any of several different species primarily in the mint family
- Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Z
edit- Za'atar (herbs from the genera Origanum, Calamintha, Thymus, and Satureja)
- Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria)
- Ziacao, red stoneroot, red gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon), for red color
See also
editWikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on
Culinary herbs and spices by country, region and culture
edit- Assamese spices
- Aztec spices
- Bulgarian spices
- Chilean herbs and spices
- Hungarian spices
- Indonesian spices
- List of Armenian spices and herbs
- List of Australian herbs and spices
- List of Bangladeshi spices
- List of Gujarati spices
- List of Indian spices
- List of Indonesian spices (bumbu)
- List of Indonesian spices
- List of Italian herbs and spices
- List of Pakistani spices
- List of Puerto Rican spices and seasonings
- List of Thai herbs and spices
- List of Vietnamese spices and herbs (Vietnamese ingredients)
- Lithuanian spices
- Manado spices
- Medieval spices
- Moroccan spices
- Nigerien spices
- Sri Lankan spices
- South Asian spices
- Thai herbs and spices
- Vietnamese herbs and spices
References
edit- ^ Aćimović, Milica; Sikora, Vladimir; Brdar-Jokanović, Milka; Kiprovski, Biljana; Popović, Vera; Koren, Anamarija; Puvača, Nikola (2019). "Dracocephalum moldovica: cultivation, chemical composition and biological activity". Journal of Agronomy, Technology and Engineering Management (JATEM). 2 (1): 153–167. ISSN 2620-1755. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "stone parsley". Merriam-Webster, Inc. 2023-03-16.
stone parsley, noun, 1, : a slender herb (Sison amomum) of the family Umbelliferae that is native to Europe and Asia Minor and has aromatic seeds which are used as a condiment. 2, : any plant of the genus Seseli
- ^ von Mueller, Ferdinand (1891). Select extra-tropical plants readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalisation (8th ed., rev. and enl. ed.). Melbourne, Australia: C. Troedel and Co. p. 458. Archived from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 2023-04-27.
Sison Amomum, Linné. Middle and Southern Europe. An herb of one or two years' duration. It grows on soil rich with lime. The seeds can be used as condiment.
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: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Harford, Robin (2023-03-16). "40 Wild Edible Plants in the Carrot Family". www.eatweeds.co.uk. Robin Harford. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
Stone Parsley: Sison amomum ABUNDANT – Parts used: Leaves, seed, root