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List of shipwrecks in 1781

The List of shipwrecks in 1781 includes some ships sunk, wrecked or otherwise lost during 1781.


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Jan Feb Mar Apr
May Jun Jul Aug
Sep Oct Nov Dec
Unknown date
References

January

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8 January

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List of shipwrecks: 8 January 1781
Ship State Description
Douglass   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore in Stokes Bay.[1]

11 January

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List of shipwrecks: 11 January 1781
Ship State Description
Neptune   Great Britain The transport ship was run down and sunk by Sykes (  Great Britain) with the loss of more than twenty lives. She was on a voyage from The Downs to Portsmouth, Hampshire.[2]

22 January

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List of shipwrecks: 22 January 1781
Ship State Description
Supply   Great Britain The ship was wrecked in Start Bay with the loss of all hands. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to London.[3]

23 January

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List of shipwrecks: 23 January 1781
Ship State Description
Childers   Great Britain The privateer was driven ashore at Paignton, Devon.[4]
HMS Culloden   Royal Navy American Revolutionary War: The third rate ship of the line ran aground 50 yards (46 m) off Will′s Point at Montauk, New York, United States, during a gale and snowstorm. After attempts to refloat her failed, she was stripped and in March 1781 she was set on fire to prevent capture. She burned to the waterline, and the remains of her wreck settled in 20 feet (6.1 m) of water. When her wreck was rediscovered in the 1970s, Will's Point was renamed Culloden Point.[5]
Mary   France The ship, a cartel, was driven ashore and damaged at Paignton. She was later refloated.[4]

28 January

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List of shipwrecks: 28 January 1781
Ship State Description
Favourite   Great Britain The privateer was driven ashore at Lymington, Hampshire.[6] She was refloated on 8 February.[7]
Nossa Senhora do Pilar e São João Baptista   Portugal The ship was wrecked at Ceulagh, County Cork, Ireland. She was on a voyage from Lisbon to Dublin, Ireland.[8]

30 January

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List of shipwrecks: 30 January 1781
Ship State Description
Theresa   Dutch Republic The brigantine was driven ashore and wrecked at West Bexington, Dorset, Great Britain.[9]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
Johanna Charlotta   Dutch Republic The ship was lost whilst on a voyage from Ostend to Genoa and Livorno, Grand Duchy of Tuscany.[10]
John   Ireland The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Beachy Head, Sussex, Great Britain.[11]
L'Immaculée Conception   Spain The ship was lost at Ayamonte with the loss of five of six of her crew. She was on a voyage from St. Andero to Cádiz.[4]
Lucente Aurora   Republic of Venice The ship was wrecked on the Woolpack, in the North Sea. She was on a voyage from Venice and Trieste to London, Great Britain.[12]
Madonna Del Lauro & St. Anime Del Purgatorio   Papal States The ship was lost at "Sassaie", Sardinia. She was on a voyage from Exeter, Devon, Great Britain to Civita Vechia.[13]
Newtown   Great Britain The ship was lost near Liverpool, Lancashire. She was on a voyage from Tingmouth, Devon to Liverpool.[14]
Pink   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on the Abrolho Bank. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from New York, United States to Jamaica.[15]
Racehorse   Great Britain The schooner was driven ashore and wrecked at Beachy Head.[11]
Southampton   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Beachy Head.[11]
Spitfire   Great Britain The privateer foundered in the English Channel off Start Point, Devon.[11]
HMS Syren   Royal Navy The Porcupine-class post ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Beachy Head.[11]

February

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2 February

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List of shipwrecks: 2 February 1781
Ship State Description
Samuel   Great Britain The ship sank and capsized in the River Thames. She was on a voyage from London to Jamaica.[6]

7 February

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List of shipwrecks: 7 February 1781
Ship State Description
Maria Margaretha   Denmark The ship was crushed by ice off Elsinore.[16] She later came ashore near Halmstad, Sweden. Maria Margaretha was on a voyage from Copenhagen to Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands.[17]
Princess Louisa   Denmark The ship was driven ashore on the Swedish coast. She was on a voyage from Copenhagen to Saint Croix. Princess Louisa was later refloated and taken in to Copenhagen for repairs.[16]
São Boaventura   Portugal The ship was wrecked on "Masamaede Island", off Madagascar. She was on a voyage from Lisbon to the Malabar Coast.[18]

11 February

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List of shipwrecks: 11 February 1781
Ship State Description
Echo   Great Britain The brig was driven ashore and wrecked in Deadman's Bay. Her crew were rescued.[19]
Nimble   Great Britain The cutter was wrecked in Mount's Bay with the loss of 28 of her 59 crew.[20]
Thames   Great Britain The victualling ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Plymouth Hoe, Devon. Her crew were rescued.[19]

12 February

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List of shipwrecks: 12 February 1781
Ship State Description
Esther   Great Britain The stores ship was in collision with HM hired armed ship Raike (  Royal Navy) and foundered in The Downs with the loss of two or three of her crew.[19]

13 February

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List of shipwrecks: 13 February 1781
Ship State Description
Amsterdam   Sweden The brigantine was driven ashore and wrecked at West Bexington, Dorset, Great Britain with the loss of five of her crew and a passenger. She was on a voyage from Naples, Kingdom of Sicily to London, Great Britain.[9][20]

16 February

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List of shipwrecks: 16 February 1781
Ship State Description
General Barker   British East India Company The East Indiaman was lost off Scheveningen, on the Dutch coast.[21] Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from the East Indies to London.[22]

22 February

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List of shipwrecks: 22 February 1781
Ship State Description
Fame   United States The privateer foundered in the Atlantic Ocean off Peck's Beach, New Jersey.[23]

26 February

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List of shipwrecks: 26 February 1781
Ship State Description
Duke William   Great Britain The transport ship was wrecked on Barbuda.[24]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
Ann   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore near Rye, Sussex. She was on a voyage from Londonderry, Ireland to London.[8]
Blandford   Great Britain The ship was lost at Newry, County Antrim, Ireland.[25]
Carpenter   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Swin. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to London.[8]
Dutchess   Great Britain The privateer was in collision with Houghton (  Great Britain) and foundered in The Downs with some loss of life.[19]
Experiment   Great Britain The privateer was in collision with another vessel in The Downs and foundered. Her crew were rescued.[19]
Fernought   Great Britain The privateer struck a rock and foundered in the Firth of Forth. Her crew were rescued[26]
Free Trade   Great Britain The privateer was driven ashore and wrecked at Newry.[3]
Henry & Maria   France Anglo-French War (1778–83): The ship, a prize, was driven ashore near Wexford, Ireland.[27]
Hope   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore on the coast of France. She was on a voyage from Tobago to London.[26]
L'Aimea   France Anglo-French War (1778-1783): The ship, a prize, was lost on the French coast. She was on a voyage from Penzance, Cornwall, Great Britain to Jersey, Channel Islands.[3]
Mary Ann   Great Britain The ship was lost near Bristol, Gloucestershire. She was on a voyage from Plymouth, Devon to Bristol.[25]
London   Great Britain The ship was lost with all hands. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to London.[3]
New Judith   Ireland The ship was wrecked near Wexford. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newry to Cork and the West Indies.[3]
New Newry Paquet   Ireland The ship was driven ashore at Newry. She was on a voyage from Newry to London.[26]
Prince of Wales   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Pegwell Bay, Kent. She was on a voyage from London to Dublin, Ireland.[19]
Rodney   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Southampton, Hampshire.[28]
St. Antonio de Lisboa   Portugal The ship was lost near Castle Town, Isle of Man. She was on a voyage from Lisbon to Dublin.[27]
Thetis   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked near Cromer, Norfolk. She was on a voyage from Aberdeen to London.[16]
William & Ann   Ireland The ship was wrecked near Beerhaven, County Cork. She was on a voyage from Greenock, Renfrewshire, Great Britain to Cork.[7]
Zee Fortune   Dutch Republic Fourth Anglo-Dutch War The ship, a prize, was lost off Wexford with the loss of all hands.[27]

March

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30 March

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List of shipwrecks: 30 March 1781
Ship State Description
Black Prince   France The ship, a prize of HMS Cruizer and HMS Lively (both   Royal Navy), was driven ashore and wrecked at Falmouth, Cornwall, Great Britain. Her crew were rescued.[29]
Dutchess de Chartres   French East India Company The East Indiaman, a prize of the privateer Phœnix (  Great Britain) was driven ashore and wrecked at Falmouth with the loss of a crew member.[29]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
Charlotte   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on the coast of France. She was on a voyage from London to Naples and Messina, Kingdom of Sicily.[30]
Fame   Great Britain The ship foundered in the English Channel off Dover, Kent. She was on a voyage from London to Dublin, Ireland.[31]
Hope   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked on the coast of Cornwall. She was on a voyage from London to Belfast, Ireland.[32]
Immaenlata Concezione flag unknown The ship was wrecked on the coast of Portugal. She was on a voyage from Falmouth, Cornwall, Great Britain to a Mediterranean port.[33]
"La Guepe"   French Navy American Revolutionary War:The 14 gun cutter ran aground on mud flats and was wrecked near Cape Charles while pursuing a British privateer. Her crew was rescued.[34][35]
L'Amiene del Purgatorio flag unknown The ship was wrecked on the coast of Portugal. She was on a voyage from St. Ives, Cornwall to a Mediterranean port.[33]
Le Lenier   France The ship was lost in the Ratt, off Brest. She was on a voyage from Bourdeaux to the West Indies.[36]
Minte au Ciel   France The ship was lost in the Ratt. She was on a voyage from Bourdeaux to the West Indies.[36]
Penelope   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Ramsgate, Kent. She was on a voyage from London to Halifax, Nova Scotia, British America.[37]
Success   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore near Chichester, Sussex. She was on a voyage from Dublin, Ireland to London.[32]

April

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10 April

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List of shipwrecks: 10 April 1781
Ship State Description
Ann   Great Britain The sloop was driven ashore on Sanday, Orkney Islands. She was on a voyage from Bergen, Norway to Kirkwall, Orkney Islands.[24]

11 April

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List of shipwrecks: 11 April 1781
Ship State Description
Nossa Senhora do Carmo a Dolphin   Portugal The ship capsized at Tenby, Pembrokeshire, Great Britain. She had been on a voyage from Lisbon to Amsterdam, Dutch Republic but had put into Tenby.[38]

13 April

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List of shipwrecks: 13 April 1781
Ship State Description
Johanna   Sweden The ship was wrecked on Anholt, Denmark. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Bourdeaux, France to Stockholm.[39]

14 April

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List of shipwrecks: 14 April 1781
Ship State Description
Hawke   Great Britain The ship struck rocks at Bermuda and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Glasgow, Renfrewshire to Bermuda.[40]

21 April

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List of shipwrecks: 21 April 1781
Ship State Description
Bee   Great Britain Anglo-French War (1778–83): The ship was driven ashore at Aldeburgh, Suffolk by two French privateers and was captured. She was taken to a French port. Bee had been on a voyage from Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire to Great Yarmouth, Norfolk.[41]

28 April

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List of shipwrecks: 28 April 1781
Ship State Description
Hopkins   Great Britain The stores ship capsized at Gosport, Hampshire. She was on a voyage from London to Portsmouth, Hampshire.[42]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
Betsey   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on São Miguel Island, Azores. She was on a voyage from New York to the Western Islands.[39]
Count Schimmerman   Danish Asiatic Company The East Indiaman foundered in the North Sea off the Isle of May, Scotland. Her crew were rescued. She was bound to India.[43]
Draper   Great Britain The ship foundered in the English Channel off Dungeness, Kent. She was on a voyage from London to Newry, County Antrim, Ireland.[29]
Endeavour   Great Britain The ship was lost in the Isles of Scilly. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Portsmouth, Hampshire.[38]
John & Mary   Great Britain The ship was lost near Lübeck.[44]
Couronne   French Navy The Saint-Esprit-class ship of the line was destroyed by fire at Brest.
Lady Betty   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean off Madeira. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newfoundland, British America to Madeira.[45]
Mary   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore in the Saltee Islands, County Wexford, Ireland. She was on a voyage from Saint Kitts to London or Liverpool.[46]
Zeebergh   Dutch Republic The ship was captured by a French privateer but was subsequently wrecked on the French coast. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Ostend.[41]

May

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2 May

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List of shipwrecks: 2 May 1781
Ship State Description
Enterprize   Great Britain Anglo-French War (1778–83): The ship was captured by the privateer Victory (  France). she was stripped of her guns and sunk. Enterprize was on a voyage from Swansey, Glamorgan to Portsmouth, Hampshire.[47]

7 May

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List of shipwrecks: 7 May 1781
Ship State Description
Duke of Athol   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore in Riga Bay.[48]
Jenny and Peggy   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked in Riga Bay.[48]
Nelly   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore in Riga Bay.[48]

17 May

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List of shipwrecks: 17 May 1781
Ship State Description
Olive Branch   Great Britain The privateer was wrecked on the coast of Ireland.[49]

28 May

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List of shipwrecks: 28 May 1781
Ship State Description
Rose in June   Great Britain The ship struck rocks off Land's End, Cornwall and foundered with the loss of all but one of her crew. She was on a voyage from Falmouth, Cornwall to Swansea, Glamorgan.[48]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
America   Great Britain The ship sank near Topsham, Devon. She was on a voyage from Exon, Devon to Ostend, Dutch Republic.[50]
Espírito Santa Rainha de Aug   Portugal The ship was driven ashore near Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, Great Britain.[51]
George   Great Britain The ship capsized at Fyall, Azores. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Bristol, Gloucestershire to Fyall and Quebec, British America.[52]
Industry   Great Britain The ship was lost off the coast of Scotland. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Riga, Russia.[51]

June

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7 June

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List of shipwrecks: 7 June 1781
Ship State Description
HM hired armed ship Molly   Royal Navy The hired armed ship caught fire, exploded, and sank off Point Lynas, Anglesey. There were about 40 survivors.[53]

10 June

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List of shipwrecks: 10 June 1781
Ship State Description
Ann   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on the Fischer Rocks, 10 leagues (30 nautical miles (56 km)) west of "Wyburgh". She was on a voyage from "Wyburgh" to Liverpool, Lancashire.[54]
HMS Greyhound   Royal Navy The Mermaid-class frigate ran aground at the South Foreland, Kent and was wrecked.[55]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
HMS General Arnold   Royal Navy American Revolution: The Row galley ran aground in the Chowan River at Edenton, North Carolina. She was then captured by local Militia troops.[56]
Nancy   Great Britain Anglo-French War (1778–83): The ship was captured off Milford, Pembrokeshire by the privateer Franklin (  France) and was sunk by her. Her crew were taken on board the privateer. Nancy was on a voyage from Tinmouth, Devon to Liverpool, Lancashire.[57]

July

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3 July

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List of shipwrecks: 3 July 1781
Ship State Description
Brilliant   Great Britain The ship struck a rock off the Mew Stone and was wrecked. She was on a voyage from Wales to Topsham, Devon.[58]

21 July

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List of shipwrecks: 21 July 1781
Ship State Description
Honkoop   Dutch East India Company Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, Battle of Saldanha Bay: The East Indiaman was captured by the Royal Navy. Hencoop was on a voyage from China to Amsterdam.[59] She foundered in January 1782 on her voyage to England.[60]
Middelburg   Dutch East India Company Battle of Saldanha Bay. The East Indiaman was burnt by the Dutch of avoid capture. She was on a voyage from China to Amsterdam.[59]

23 July

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List of shipwrecks: 23 July 1781
Ship State Description
"Dasher"   Virginia Virginia State Navy The galley was wrecked in a gale in Lynnhaven Bay. Crew were captured after reaching shore.[61][62]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
Good Hope   Denmark The ship was lost near Harwich, Essex, Great Britain. She was on a voyage from Copenhagen to Lisbon, Portugal.[54][63]
Serapis   France The privateer caught fire, exploded and sank off the coast of Madagascar with the loss of eight of the 223 people on board.

August

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1 August

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List of shipwrecks: 1 August 1781
Ship State Description
Hope   Great Britain The ship was lost in the Black River, Jamaica. She was on a voyage from Jamaica to London.[64]

2 August

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List of shipwrecks: 2 August 1781
Ship State Description
Ann   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Jamaica.[65]
Arundal   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
Carnatic   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Jamaica.[65][66]
Chambers   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
Charming Nancy   Great Britain The ship was wrecked at Jamaica.[65]
Clarendon   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Jamaica.[65][66]
Dispatch   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
Endeavour   Great Britain The ship was wrecked at Jamaica. She was on a voyage from Jamaica to Charles Town, South Carolina, United States.[64]
Fame   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Jamaica.[65][66]
Friendship   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Jamaica.[65][66]
George and John   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Jamaica.[65][66]
Golden Rule   Great Britain The ship (a.k.a. Equity) was driven ashore at Jamaica.[65][66]
Green-island   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
Henry   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
Hercules   Great Britain The ship was lost in Annatta Bay, Jamaica.[64]
Jamaica   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
John   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Jamaica.[65][66]
Kingston   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Jamaica.[65][66]
Kitty   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Jamaica. She was on a voyage from Jamaica to London.[67]
Lark   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
London   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
Mary   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
Mentor   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
Montague   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Jamaica.[65][66]
Nancy   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and damaged at Jamaica. She was subsequently repaired and returned to service.[68]
Nanny   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
Orange Bay   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
HMS Pelican   Royal Navy The Porcupine-class post ship was driven ashore and wrecked on the Morant Keys, off Jamaica.[69][70]
Ransom   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
Thetis   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]
True Britton   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Jamaica.[66]

5 August

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List of shipwrecks: 5 August 1781
Ship State Description
Hollandia   Dutch Republic Navy Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, Battle of Dogger Bank: The third rate ship of the line foundered following the battle.
Vénus   French Navy The frigate was wrecked off the Glénan Islands, Finistère. Her crew were rescued.

15 August

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List of shipwrecks: 15 August 1781
Ship State Description
Roberts   Great Britain The sloop sprang a leak in the English Channel. Her crew were rescued. She came ashore in Scatshall Bay and was wrecked. Roberts was on a voyage from Exeter, Devon to Bucklers Hard, Hampshire.[55]

17 August

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List of shipwrecks: 17 August 1781
Ship State Description
James and John   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on Öland, Sweden. She was on a voyage from London to Saint Petersburg, Russia.[71]

21 August

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List of shipwrecks: 21 August 1781
Ship State Description
St. Joaquim e Santa Anna   Portugal The ship foundered in the North Sea off Rottam Island, Dutch Republic with the loss of fourteen of her seventeen crew. She was on a voyage from Oporto to Hamburg.[72]

24 August

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List of shipwrecks: 24 August 1781
Ship State Description
Hope   Great Britain The ship was lost at Penzance, Cornwall. She was on a voyage from London to Belfast, County Antrim, Ireland.[73]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
Friends   Ireland The ship was driven ashore in Dublin Bay. She was on a voyage from Bourdeaux, France to Dublin.[55]
Holland's Melvaart   Dutch Republic Fourth Anglo-Dutch War: The ship was driven ashore at the mouth of the Kenmare River by Cicero (  Great Britain) and another vessel. She was burnt by her captors.[74]
Jane   Great Britain Anglo-French War (1778–83): The ship was captured and burnt by the privateer La Victoire (  France). She was on a voyage from Swansey, Glamorgan to Youghall, County Cork, Ireland.[75]

September

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4 September

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List of shipwrecks: 4 September 1781
Ship State Description
Valiant   United States American Revolutionary War: The ship, a prize of Enterprize (  Great Britain), was recaptured and set afire by two American privateers off Waterford, Ireland.[76]

5 September

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List of shipwrecks: 5 September 1781
Ship State Description
HMS Terrible   Royal Navy American Revolutionary War, Battle of the Chesapeake: The Ramillies-class ship of the line was set afire and scuttled following damage sustained in battle.
Vrow Margaretta   Duchy of Holstein The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Whitby, Yorkshire, Great Britain.[77]

9 September

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List of shipwrecks: 9 September 1781
Ship State Description
Rodney   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Wexford, Ireland by three privateers. She was on a voyage from Lancaster, Lancashire to Ireland and the Leeward Islands.[78]

17 September

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List of shipwrecks: 17 September 1781
Ship State Description
Venus   Great Britain The ship departed from Newfoundland, British America for Lisbon, Portugal. No further trace, presumed foundered in the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of all hands.[79]

22 September

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List of shipwrecks: 22 September 1781
Ship State Description
HMS Duchess of Cumberland   Royal Navy The sloop was wrecked at Cape St. Mary in heavy fog.[80]

27 September

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List of shipwrecks: 27 September 1781
Ship State Description
Demoiselle Regina   Hamburg The ship was wrecked on the coast of Flanders, Dutch Republic. She was on a voyage from Portsmouth, Hampshire, Great Britain to Hamburg[81]
Freeden   Sweden The ship was wrecked at Skagen, Denmark. She was on a voyage from Sweden to London, Great Britain.[82]

28 September

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List of shipwrecks: 28 September 1781
Ship State Description
Lübeck   Lübeck The ship was wrecked on the coast of Flanders, Dutch Republic. She was on a voyage from Portsmouth, Hampshire, Great Britain to Hamburg.[83]
Maria Cornelia   Dutch Republic The ship was driven ashore at Ostend. She was on a voyage from Ostend to Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands.[84]

29 September

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List of shipwrecks: 29 September 1781
Ship State Description
Friendship   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on the Falsterbo Reef, in the Baltic Sea. She was on a voyage from Scarborough, Yorkshire to Memel, Prussia.[83]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
Admiraal Generaal   Dutch Republic Navy The third rate ship of the line was driven ashore on Texel.[85]
Betsey   Great Britain American Revolutionary War: The ship was sunk in the York River, Virginia, United States,[86]
Elizabeth   Ireland The ship foundered in the Baltic Sea off Møn, Denmark with the loss of all but one of her crew. She was on a voyage from Londonderry to Dantzick.[59]
Hinchinbrook   Great Britain The ship departed from Saint Petersburg for Hull. No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[87]
Nossa Senhora do Carmo St. Domingo   Portugal The ship was driven ashore and wrecked 8 nautical miles (15 km) north of Copenhagen, Denmark. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg, Russia to Lisbon.[88]
Sarah   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked near Dragør, Denmark. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg to South Shields, County Durham.[83]
York   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on the Haisborough Sands, in the North Sea off the coast of Norfolk. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg to London.[71]

October

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10 October

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List of shipwrecks: 10 October 1781
Ship State Description
HMS Charon   Royal Navy American Revolutionary War, Siege of Yorktown: The fifth rate was set of fire and sank in the York River, Virginia, United States.[86]
HMS Fowey   Royal Navy American Revolutionary War, Siege of Yorktown: The sixth rate fire ship was scuttled in the York River.
HMS Guadeloupe   Royal Navy American Revolutionary War, Siege of Yorktown: The Coventry-class frigate was scuttled in the York River. Subsequently salvaged by the French and entered service with the French Navy.
Port Morant   Great Britain The ship was lost on the Martin's Industry Sand, off Port Royal, South Carolina, United States. Her crew were rescued.[89][90]
Shipwright   Great Britain American Revolutionary War, Siege of Yorktown:The transport burned and sank, along with another transport, in the York River, Virginia, United States, when the anchor line of the burning HMS Charon (  Royal Navy) parted and she drifted into them.[91]
Unknown   Great Britain American Revolutionary War, Siege of Yorktown:The transport burned and sank, along with "Shipwright", in the York River, Virginia, United States, when the anchor line of the burning HMS Charon (  Royal Navy) parted and she drifted into them.[91]
HMS Vulcan   Royal Navy American Revolutionary War, Siege of Yorktown: The fireship was scuttled in the York River.

11 October

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List of shipwrecks: 11 October 1781
Ship State Description
HMS Firebrand   Royal Navy The fireship caught fire, exploded and sank at Falmouth, Cornwall. Her crew were rescued.[92]
HMS Rattlesnake   Royal Navy The cutter was wrecked at Trindade, Brazil, with the loss of all but one of her crew.[18][93]

15 October

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List of shipwrecks: 15 October 1781
Ship State Description
Pearl   Denmark The ship was wrecked on the Goodwin Sands, Kent, Great Britain. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Saint Croix to Copenhagen.[94]

17 October

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List of shipwrecks: 17 October 1781
Ship State Description
Lord Howe   Great Britain The storeship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean (45°26′N 41°00′W / 45.433°N 41.000°W / 45.433; -41.000). Her crew were rescued.[95]

18 October

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List of shipwrecks: 18 October 1781
Ship State Description
Betsey   Great Britain The ship was lost near "Wingo", Sweden. She was on a voyage from London to Stettin.[64]
Mermaid   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and severely damaged in the River Mersey. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Africa.[96]

24 October

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List of shipwrecks: 24 October 1781
Ship State Description
Boog   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew were rescued by Susanna (  Great Britain). Boog was on a voyage from Jamaica to London.[68]

29 October

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List of shipwrecks: 29 October 1781
Ship State Description
Peace and Plenty   Ireland The ship capsized in the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of all but one of her crew. She was on a voyage from Cork to the West Indies.[97]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
Fame   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore on "Cruyso Island". She was on a voyage from Archangelsk, Russia to London.[64]
Friendship   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on the coast of Labrador, British America.[98]
Henrietta   Prussia The ship was lost neat Ystadt, Sweden. She was on a voyage from Memel to Hull, Yorkshire, Great Britain.[59]
Jenny   Great Britain The ship was in collision with Gibside' (  Great Britain and foundered in the North Sea off Flamborough Head, Yorkshire with the loss of three of her crew.[84]
Kent   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore on the coast of Lincolnshire.[99]
Lamedo   Portugal The ship foundered. Her crew were rescued by Nossa Senhora das Neves (  Portugal). Lamedo was on a voyage from Dover, Kent, Great Britain to Lisbon.[59]
São João Baptista   Portugal The ship was wrecked near Truro, Cornwall, Great Britain. She was on a voyage from Cork, Ireland to Ostend, Dutch Republic.[96]

November

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5 November

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List of shipwrecks: 5 November 1781
Ship State Description
Richard   Great Britain The ship was lost in Mount's Bay. She was on a voyage from Tinmouth, Devon to Liverpool, Lancashire.[100]
Santissimo Trinidade   Portugal The ship was lost near St Martin's, Isles of Scilly, Great Britain. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Aveiro to Amsterdam, Dutch Republic.[100]

6 November

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List of shipwrecks: 6 November 1781
Ship State Description
Jamaica   Ireland The ship was driven ashore on the coast of Ireland with the loss of a crew member. She was on a voyage from Sligo to Charles Town, South Carolina, United States.[101]

14 November

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List of shipwrecks: 14 November 1781
Ship State Description
John & Mary   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Dogger Bank. Her cre were rescued by a fishing vessel.[102]
Rodney   Great Britain Anglo-French War (1778–83): The ship was driven ashore at Aldeburgh, Suffolk by a French privateer. She was on a voyage from Archangelsk, Russia to London.[68]

21 November

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List of shipwrecks: 21 November 1781
Ship State Description
Prince of Orange   Great Britain The ship foundered. Her crew were rescued by HMS Shark (  Royal Navy). Prince of Orange was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg, Russia to London.[103]

28 November

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List of shipwrecks: 28 November 1781
Ship State Description
May   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore on the Island of Condre, in the Saint Lawrence River. She was on a voyage from Quebec to Brazil.[104]
Paisley   Great Britain The storeship was wrecked at Whitby, Yorkshire. All on board were rescued.[101]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
Adventure   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on rocks at North Shields, County Durham. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg, Russia to Portsmouth, Hampshire.[105][106]
Ann and Frances   Great Britain The ship was lost on the Isle of Lewis with the loss of two of her crew. She was on a voyage from Whitehaven, Cumberland to a Baltic port.[107]
Antigallician   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked near Holyhead, Anglesey. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Charles Town, South Carolina, United States.[108][109]
Blushing Aurora   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked on the coast of Jutland. She was on a voyage from Archangelsk, Russia to Liverpool.[100]
Colvil   Great Britain The ship was lost whilst on a voyage from the Baltic to Scotland.[105]
Count Schimmelman   Denmark The ship was driven ashore near Ramsgate, Kent, Great Britain. She was on a voyage from Málaga, Spain to London, Great Britain.[67]
Emanuel   Hamburg The ship ran aground on the Gunfleet Sand, in the North Sea and was severely damaged. She was refloated and taken in to Harwich, Essex, Great Britain for repairs. Emanuel was on a voyage from London to Hamburg.[67]
Felicity   Jersey The ship was lost near Libava, Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg to Jersey.[110]
Friendship   Bremen The ship was lost in the Weser. She was on a voyage from Bourdeaux, France to Bremen.[67]
Friendship   Great Britain The ship was lost whilst on a voyage from the Baltic to Scotland.[105]
Good Hope   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore on Texel, Dutch Republic. She was on a voyage from Aberdeen to Ostend, Dutch Republic.[111]
Inga Magdalena   Sweden The ship was lost near Dungeness, Kent. She was on a voyage from Stockholm to Plymouth, Devon, Great Britain.[68]
Magdalena   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Baltic Sea. She was on a voyage from Riga, Russia to Hull, Yorkshire.[112]
Maria   Great Britain Anglo-French War (1778–83): The ship was captured off Fairlee, Isle of Wight by the privateer Jenne Dunkirquoise (  Kingdom of France). She was sent in to Dunkerque, France but was lost going into that port. Her crew were rescued.[100]
Marwood   Great Britain The brig foundered off the coast on Norway with the loss of all but one of her crew.[105]
Mary   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on the Welsh coast with the loss of four of her crew. She was on a voyage from Jamaica to Bristol, Gloucestershire.[100]
Norfolk   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on the coast of Norway.[110]
Officeuse   France The storeship was wrecked at Casamance, Portuguese Guinea. She was on a voyage from Bourdeaux to Senegal.
Ranger   Great Britain The ship was lost in the Gulf of Finland. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg to Bristol.[106]
Sally   Great Britain The ship foundered. Her crew were rescued.[105]
Spitfire   Great Britain The cutter was lost in Irvine Bay. She was on a voyage from Gothenburg, Sweden to Scotland.[111]
Two Brothers   Dutch Republic The ship was lost near Ilfracombe, Devon, Great Britain. She was on a voyage from Málaga to Ostend.[110]

December

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1 December

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List of shipwrecks: 1 December 1781
Ship State Description
Cyrus   Great Britain The ship capsized in the River Witham at Boston, Lincolnshire.[112]

3 December

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List of shipwrecks: 3 December 1781
Ship State Description
Jenny   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on the coast of Cornwall. She was on a voyage from London to Plymouth, Devon.[113]
Seaflower   Great Britain The ship was abandoned by her crew, who were rescued. She was on a voyage from Riga, Russia to London. Seaflower was later discovered at sea derelict and taken in to "Fredericks Warn".[114]

7 December

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List of shipwrecks: 7 December 1781
Ship State Description
Friendship   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore at Sandown Castle, Kent. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg, Russia to Plymouth, Devon.[115] She was later refloated and taken in to Dover, Kent.[116]
King George   Great Britain African slave trade: The ship was wrecked on Grand Cayman with the loss of a crew member and 108 of the 429 slaves on board. She was on a voyage from Africa to Jamaica.[117]

17 December

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List of shipwrecks: 17 December 1781
Ship State Description
Æolus   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on the Haisborough Sands, in the North Sea off the coast of Norfolk. Her crew were rescued by Louisa (  Great Britain).[118]

18 December

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List of shipwrecks: 18 December 1781
Ship State Description
Maria   Sweden The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Elsinore, Denmark. She was on a voyage from Alicant, Spain to Stockholm.[119]

21 December

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List of shipwrecks: 21 December 1781
Ship State Description
HMS Bellona   Royal Navy The Bellona-class ship of the line ran aground off St Helens, Isle of Wight and was severely damaged.[118] She was refloated on 25 December.[119]
Samuel   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew were rescued by Olive Branch.[120]

22 December

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List of shipwrecks: 22 December 1781
Ship State Description
Monkey   Great Britain The cutter was driven ashore at Dunkerque, France. She was captured by the local inhabitants.[121]

25 December

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List of shipwrecks: 25 December 1781
Ship State Description
Casio Jose   Portugal The ship was wrecked at "Sniem", County Kerry, Ireland Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Lisbon to London, Great Britain.[122]
Phœnix   Great Britain Anglo-French War (1778–83): The lugger was holed in an engagement with the privateer Fearnought (  France) and consequently foundered 3 leagues (9 nautical miles (17 km) off St Ives, Cornwall with the loss of fourteen of her crew.[123]

28 December

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List of shipwrecks: 28 December 1781
Ship State Description
Caterina   Great Britain The ship was wrecked at Sker Point, Glamorgan. The wreck was looted by local inhabitants, several off whom were arrested and imprisoned. One was later hanged.[124]
Ellen   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore in Bootle Bay.[125] She was later refloated and taken in to Liverpool, Lancashire. Ellen was on a voyage from Jamaica to Liverpool.[126]
Good-Intent   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked near Bridport, Dorset. She was on a voyage from Falmouth, Cornwall to London.[97]
Solidade   Portugal The ship was driven ashore and severely damaged in the River Shannon. She was on a voyage from Lisbon, to Waterford, Ireland.[114]

30 December

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List of shipwrecks: 30 December 1781
Ship State Description
Lancaster   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore near Galway, Ireland. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Africa.[79]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
Anna Maria   Denmark The ship was driven ashore at Pakefield, Suffolk, Kingdom of Great Britain. She was on a voyage from Ostend, Dutch Republic to Marseille, France.[106]
Balfour   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked on the "Island of Flora" with the loss of eight of her crew. She was on a voyage from Saint Augustine to London.[127]
British Queen   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew were rescued by Dick (  Great Britain).[120]
Coron   Imperial Russian Navy The ship was holed by ice and sank at Taganrog. She was refloated in 1782, repaired and returned to service.[128]
Elizabeth   Great Britain Anglo-French War (1778–83): The ship was captured by a French privateer. She was subsequently driven ashore at Padstow, Cornwall. Elizabeth was on a voyage from Tortola to London.[125]
Fanny   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked in Carnarvon Bay. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to London.[116]
Friends Goodwill   Great Britain The ship ran aground and was wrecked at Weymouth, Dorset.[129]
Isabella   Great Britain The ship was lost at the "Lambaska Islands", in the White Sea. She was on a voyage from Archangelsk, Russia to Kirkcudbright.[130]
Jong Schettelaen   Dutch Republic The ship was lost near "Wyburgh". She was on a voyage from Riga, Russia to Ostend.[106]
Josepha   Ireland The ship foundered in the North Sea with the loss of all but two of her crew. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg, Russia to Cork.[103]
Laurel   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore in the Orkney Islands. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg to Whitehaven, Cumberland.[131]
London   Great Britain The ship was lost at the mouth of the River Bray. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to London.[132]
Neptune   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and severely damaged whilst on a voyage from Plymouth to Tinmouth, Devon. She was later refloated.[103]
Swan   Great Britain The transport ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew took to the boat and were later rescued by Dick (  Great Britain).[120]
Truelove   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore on Sanday, Orkney Islands. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg to Whitehaven.[116]
Vlieger van Ostend   Dutch Republic The ship was driven ashore and wrecked in the Ems.[118]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1781
Ship State Description
Africa   Great Britain The ship sprang a leak in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew set fire to the vessel and were rescued by Nancy and Trecothick (both   Great Britain). Africa was on a voyage from Jamaica to London.[101][107]
Anna   Great Britain The ship was lost at "St John's, Augustine".[36]
Alfred   Great Britain The ship was lost at Jamaica.[133]
Betsy   Great Britain American Revolutionary War, Siege of Yorktown:The coal brig was scuttled as a blockship sometime during the siege.[134]
Betsey   Great Britain The ship was sunk by ice off Trinity, Newfoundland, British America. She was on a voyage from Lisbon, Portugal to Trinity.[135]
Betsey   Great Britain The ship foundered. Her crew were rescued.[136]
Britannia   Great Britain The victualling ship was lost at Virginia, United States.[137]
Britannia   Great Britain The ship was lost whilst on a voyage from Charles Town, South Carolina and Georgia to the West Indies.[138]
Brotherly Love   Great Britain The ship capsized in the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of a passenger. She was on a voyage from Savannah, Georgia, United States to the Leeward Islands.[138]
Carboneir   Portugal The ship was sunk by ice off the coast of Newfoundland. She was on a voyage from Lisbon to Newfoundland.[139]
Charming Nancy   Great Britain The ship foundered. Her crew were rescued.[136]
Countess of Effingham   Great Britain The ship foundered in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland. she was on a voyage from Pool, Dorset to Newfoundland.[139]
Cyrus   Great Britain The ship foundered. Her crew were rescued by HMS Ruby (  Royal Navy).[100]
Daniel   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on the coast of Newfoundland with the loss of 24 of her crew. She was on a voyage from Barbadoes to Newfoundland.[106]
Debby   Great Britain The ship was lost at Jamaica.[140]
Deux Frères   Great Britain The ship capsized in the Mississippi River. She was on a voyage from New Orleans, New Spain to London.[18]
Dispatch   Great Britain American Revolutionary War: The ship was driven ashore near Charles Town by American privateers and was wrecked. She was on a voyage from Jamaica to Charles Town.[84]
Dispatch   Great Britain The ship was driven ashore and wrecked near Baltimore, Maryland, British America.[89]
Duke of Cumberland   Great Britain The ship was lost at Montego Bay, Jamaica. She was on a voyage from Sint Eustatius to Jamaica.[141]
Earl of Cornwallis   Great Britain The privateer capsized at Saint Kitts whilst being careened with much loss of life.[142]
Earl of Grenville   Great Britain The ship foundered. Her crew were rescued.[136]
Elizabeth   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Sally (  Great Britain) rescued the crew. Elizabeth was on a voyage from New York, United States to the West Indies.[8]
Friendship   Great Britain The ship was wrecked on a reef in the Chesapeake River, United States. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Charles Town to Virginia.[143]
Gascoyne   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. She was on a voyage from Jamaica to Liverpool, Lancashire.[68]
General Clinton   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew were rescued.[144]
General Prevost   Great Britain American Revolutionary War: The ship was engaged by an American brig, cutter and frigate. She was driven ashore and wrecked on the north coast of Cuba.[145]
Industry   Great Britain The ship was lost in the West Indies. She was on a voyage from Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands to Halifax.[59]
Jamaica   Great Britain The ship capsized at Charles Town.[120]
June   Great Britain The ship was lost in the Straits of Belle Isle. She was on a voyage from London to Quebec.[105]
Lark   Ireland The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. She was on a voyage from Cork to New York.[146]
Leeds Industry   Great Britain The transport ship was lost at Charles Town.[138]
Lively   United States The schooner foundered in the Atlantic Ocean off Montauk, New York.[147]
Lord Frederick   Great Britain The ship was captured by an American privateer. The British recaptured her but she was subsequently wrecked at Bermuda. Lord Frederick was on a voyage from the Clyde to Charles Town.[148]
Loyal Briton   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. She was on a voyage from Bristol to New York.[78]
Madonna del Rosario   Grand Duchy of Tuscany The ship foundered off Rhodes. She was on a voyage from Scanderoon, Ottoman Empire to Livorno.[32]
Nancy   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Fly (  Great Britain) rescued the crew. Nancy was on a voyage from New York to Lisbon, Portugal.[31]
Nancy   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew were rescued She was on a voyage from Jamaica to London.[149]
Philippa   Great Britain American Revolutionary War: The ship was captured by an American privateer but was subsequently lost. She was on a voyage from Oporto, Portugal to New York.[8]
Richmond   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean whilst bound for Charles Town.[89]
Rodney   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. She was on a voyage from Jamaica to London.[150]
Rosa   Great Britain The ship was lost near "Town Cordowan". She was on a voyage from "Port Passage" to the West Indies.[136]
Sir Peter Parker   Great Britain The ship was lost at Jamaica. She was on a voyage from Pensacola, Florida, British America to Jamaica.[148]
Speedwell   Great Britain The ship was sunk by ice off Trinity, Newfoundland. She was on a voyage from Lisbon to Trinity.[135]
Speke   Great Britain The transport ship was presumed to have foundered whilst on a voyage from the West Indies to Great Britain.[114]
St. Stephen   Great Britain The transport ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew were rescued.[122]
Swallow   Great Britain The ship was lost at Tortola before 22 June. Her crew were rescued.[151]
Thetis   Great Britain The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Laing (  Great Britain) rescued the crew. Thetis was on a voyage from Jamaica to London.[68]
Trecothick   Great Britain The ship sprang a leak in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew set fire to her and abandoned ship. They were rescued.[107]
Venus   Great Britain The ship was lost off Cape Ray, Newfoundland.[121]

References

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  117. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1345). 19 March 1782.
  118. ^ a b c "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1321). 25 December 1781.
  119. ^ a b "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1322). 28 December 1781.
  120. ^ a b c d "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1332). 1 February 1782.
  121. ^ a b "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1323). 1 January 1782.
  122. ^ a b "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1328). 18 January 1782.
  123. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1327). 15 January 1782.
  124. ^ Tovey, Ron. "BRISTOL CHANNEL SHIPWRECKS" (PDF). Swansea Docks. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
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  126. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1324). 4 January 1782.
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  128. ^ Chernyshev, Alexander Alekseevich (2012). Погибли без боя. Катастрофы русских кораблей XVIII–XX вв [They died without a fight. Catastrophes of Russian ships of the XVIII-XX centuries] (in Russian). Veche.
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  130. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1327). 15 January 1782.
  131. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1319). 18 December 1781.
  132. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1320). 21 December 1781.
  133. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1294). 17 August 1781.
  134. ^ "The Battle of Yorktown". vims.edu. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
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  137. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1287). 24 July 1781.
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  139. ^ a b "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1309). 9 October 1781.
  140. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1335). 12 February 1782.
  141. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1294). 17 August 1781.
  142. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1278). 22 June 1781.
  143. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1289). 31 July 1781.
  144. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1331). 29 January 1782.
  145. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1291). 7 August 1781.
  146. ^ "The Marine List". New Lloyd's List (1270). 25 May 1781.
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  151. ^ Towle, Edward L.; Marx, Robert F.; Albright, Alan B. (December 1976). "Shipwrecks of the Virgin Islands. An Inventory, 1523 - 1825" (PDF). Virgin Islands: Island Resources Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
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