MacArthur Park (originally Westlake Park)[2] is a park dating back to the late 19th century in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles. In the early 1940s, it was renamed after General Douglas MacArthur, and later designated City of Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument #100.[3]
| MacArthur Park | |
|---|---|
 Looking towards Downtown Los Angeles, August 2001 | |
  MacArthur Park  MacArthur Park  MacArthur Park | |
| Type | Urban park |
| Location | Westlake, Los Angeles |
| Coordinates | 34°03′31″N 118°16′39″W / 34.05861°N 118.27750°W |
| Area | 35 acres (14 ha)[1] |
| Created | 1880s |
| Operated by | City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks |
| Status | Open all year |
| Public transit access |  Westlake/MacArthur Park station |
| Designated | May 1, 1972 |
| Reference no. | 100 |
The lake in MacArthur Park is fed by natural springs (although an artificial bottom to the lake was laid during the construction of the Red Line, opened in 1993). In the past, a fountain with a reflecting pool on the northern end was also fed by the springs. The Westlake/MacArthur Park B and D Line station is across the street.[4]
Description
editThe park is divided in two by Wilshire Boulevard. The southern portion primarily consists of a lake, while the northern half includes an amphitheatre, bandshell, soccer fields, and children's playground, along with a recreation center operated by the City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks. The bandshell was once home to many organizations and events, such as Jugaremos en Familia (a live event hosted by Memo Flores for the Hispanic community).
Public artworks installed in the park have included the MacArthur Monument, Entry Arch,[5] General Harrison Gray Otis,[6] the Hungarian Freedom Fighters Memorial,[7] MacArthur Park Singularity,[8] Mine Was the Better Punch, But It Didn't Win the Wristwatch,[9] and Prometheus Bringing Fire to Earth.[10] Previously, the statue of Charles III of Spain was installed in the park.
History
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The park, originally named Westlake Park, was built in the 1880s, along with a similar Eastlake Park, whose lake is artificial, in Los Angeles. Westlake Park was renamed May 7, 1942; Eastlake Park was renamed Lincoln Park. Both Westlake and Eastlake (as well as Echo Park) were built as drinking water reservoirs connected to the city's system, Zanja Madre. When the city abandoned the non-pressurized zanja system for a pressurized pipe system, these smaller, shallow reservoirs located at low points no longer provided much benefit and were converted into parks.[11]
The park was named for Henricus Wallace Westlake, a Canadian physician who had moved to Los Angeles around 1888, settled in the area and donated a portion of his property to the city for a park.[12][13]
In the mid-19th century the area was a swampland; by the 1890s, it was a vacation destination, surrounded by luxury hotels. In the early part of the 20th century, the Westlake neighborhood became known as the Champs-Élysées of Los Angeles.
Wilshire Boulevard formerly ended at the lake, but in 1934 a berm was built for it to cross and link up with the existing Orange Street (which ran from Alvarado to Figueroa Streets) into downtown Los Angeles. Orange Street was renamed Wilshire and extended east of Figueroa Street to Grand Avenue.[14] This divided the lake into two halves; the northern one was subsequently drained. From the 1940s, the lake featured the rental of electric boats, with the names of comic book animal characters.
According to a Los Angeles Times news story from 1956, two swans, named Rudie and Susie, hatched their five new cygnets on the island in MacArthur Park Lake, and according to the park superintendent, these were the first swans born in the park in over a decade.[15]
For many years, Filipino World War II veterans protested in the park named after their former commander regarding promises made when they enlisted that the United States had reneged on.[16] In 2009 as part of the stimulus package, Congress awarded lump-sum payments of $15,000 to Filipino veterans who are American citizens and $9,000 to those who are noncitizens.[17]
MacArthur Park became known for violence after 1985 when prostitution, drug dealing, shoot-outs, and the occasional rumored drowning became commonplace, with as many as 30 murders in 1990.[18] When the lake was drained in 1973 and 1978, hundreds of handguns and other firearms were found disposed of in the lake.[19]
May Day Mêlée with the Los Angeles Police Department
editTwo May Day rallies calling for US citizenship for undocumented immigrants were held at MacArthur Park on May 1, 2007.[20][21] When the protest overflowed onto city streets, police drove motorcycles through the crowd, then ordered the crowd to disperse. Some people began throwing plastic bottles and rocks at officers. Members of the Los Angeles Police Department then used batons and rubber bullets in a manner later found by the LAPD's own investigation, as well as by the courts, to be excessive. After community mobilization, pressure from the Mayor, and an extensive internal review, LAPD Chief William Bratton apologized, the commanding officer was demoted, seventeen other officers faced penalties, and the LAPD paid more than $13 million in damages.[22]
Redevelopment
edit
Beginning in 2002, the Los Angeles Police Department and business and community leaders led a redevelopment effort that has led to the installation of surveillance cameras, the opening of a recreation center, increased business, early-morning drink vendors, a new Metro station, the return of the paddle boats and the fountain, and large community festivals attracting thousands. Along with determined campaigns to improve community relations between the neighborhood and the police, crime rates went down through the mid-2000s.[23]
In 2007, Levitt Pavilion Los Angeles opened, offering 50 free concerts each summer and attracting a wide range of audiences from around the country and globally. Currently programmed & produced (as of 2017) by local resident Matthew Himes, notable acts that have performed include Celso Pina, Fishbone, Bomba Estereo, La Sonora Dinamita, Jimmy Webb, Kinky, La Resistencia, Nortec Collective and many more. In the same year, the paddle boats returned.[24] They were available for rent on the weekends in 2009.[25][26] By early 2010, the boathouse was closed. Eventually, the paddle boats were removed. The boathouse was demolished in 2014.
The MacArthur Park bandshell was painted by local artists and graffiti artists under the direction of Otis Parsons. Some of the artists involved were: Robert Williams, Skill, John "Zender" Estrada, Hector "Hex" Rios, Geo, Exit, Trip, Hate Prime, Relic, Galo "MAKE" Canote, RickOne and others.[27][28] Some of the artwork was featured in the book Spraycan Art by Henry Chalfant and Jim Prigoff.
The lakeside portion of the park closed for 10 weeks in October 2021.[29]
Crime
editThe area surrounding MacArthur Park, one of the poorest areas of Los Angeles, has widely reported crime rates. Considered to be MS-13 territory, many poorer locals of the area, especially those doing illicit business in the park, are forced to pay a "tax" to the gang in exchange for being left alone. In 2021, multiple attacks on transgender sex workers in the park had led to increased police presence and were widely reported.[30]
In popular culture
editMacArthur Park has been used as a filming location numerous times. In Hard Luck (1921), Buster Keaton eludes the police by posing with a statue in the park. In A Woman of Paris (1923), Charlie Chaplin uses the north side of the park and the Ansonia in two scenes. MacArthur Park/Westlake Park and its boats figure prominently as the scene of a murder in the 1949 film noir Killer Bait (also known as Too Late for Tears) with Lizabeth Scott, Don DeFore, Dan Duryea and Arthur Kennedy. In 1973 The Phantom of Herald Square an episode of the TV horror anthology series Circle of Fear included a significant number of scenes filmed within the park, as well as "The Bank Examiner Swindle" (season 9, episode 6 of Dragnet) and The Amazing Spider-Man (1977), and "72 Hours", an episode of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, wherein Carlton plans to conduct illegal sales of counterfeit merchandise in the park, hoping to prove his street cred to Will and his friends.
It is also featured in the Gym Class Heroes music video for Cupid's Chokehold (the As Cruel as School Children version)[31][32] and Lorde's 2017 music video for Green Light.[33]
The movie In MacArthur Park (1976) was written and directed by Bruce Schwartz.
The 1968 hit song MacArthur Park, written by Jimmy Webb and originally recorded by Richard Harris and later famously covered by Donna Summer, was inspired by this location.
In an episode of Curb Your Enthusiasm, the park is humorously suggested as a place to visit by a hotel concierge.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Meares, Hadley (January 19, 2018). "MacArthur Park's glory days". Curbed LA.
- ^ "It's General MacArthur Not Westlake Park From Now On". Los Angeles Times. May 9, 1942. p. 1.
- ^ "HISTORIC-CULTURAL MONUMENT (HCM) REPORT". Los Angeles Department of City Planning. November 10, 2004. Archived from the original on August 17, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2007.
- ^ "Metro Red Line". Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on March 19, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
- ^ "Entry Arch, (sculpture)". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ "General Harrison Gray Otis, (sculpture)". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ "Hungarian Freedom Fighters Memorial, (sculpture)". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ "MacArthur Park Singularity, (sculpture)". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ "Mine Was the Better Punch, But It Didn't Win the Wristwatch, (sculpture)". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ "Prometheus, Bringing Fire to the Earth, (sculpture)". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
- ^ Blake Glumprecht (1969). The Los Angeles River: Its Life, Death, and Possible Rebirth. Johns Hopkins University Press.
- ^ "Dr. Westlake Is No More". Los Angeles Times. p. II-1. ProQuest 164362866.
- ^ "Death Ends Career of Able Physician". Los Angeles Herald. May 14, 1905.
- ^ Hernández, Caitlin (August 5, 2024). "It's likely being rejoined — but why was LA's MacArthur Park split apart in the first place?". LAist. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
- ^ "MacArthur Park Swans Welcome Two Cygnets". Los Angeles Times. April 26, 1958. p. 3.
- ^ [1] [permanent dead link]
- ^ "Filipino Veterans Benefit in Stimulus Bill". The New York Times.
- ^ "Beyond Blade Runner: Urban Control (1)". Mediamatic.net. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "Art history : MacArthur Park Lake's muddy bottom yields raw materials for free-form sculptures that are also time capsules". Los Angeles Times. December 17, 1995.
- ^ Watanabe, Teresa; Vara-Orta, Francisco (May 2, 2007). "Small turnout, big questions". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 6, 2007.
- ^ Villaroman, Rene (May 22, 2007). "3,000 at MacArthur Park for Peaceful March". Asian Journal Online. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
- ^ Maeve Reston & Joel Rubin (February 5, 2009). "Los Angeles to pay $13 million to settle May Day melee lawsuits". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
- ^ Some associated the installation of cameras with reductions in crime in the park, but others, such as reporter John Buntin, have highlighted improvements in community relations by police officers themselves:
"The LAPD Remade: How William Bratton's Police Force Drove Crime Down—And Won Over Los Angeles's Minorities". City Journal. Los Angeles. December 23, 2015.
The percentage of residents saying that the police in their communities treated members of all racial and ethnic groups fairly 'almost all the time' or 'most of the time' rose from 44 percent in 2005 to 51 percent in 2009.
For further analysis of the effect of surveillance cameras on crime in LA overall, with many references to MacArthur Park, see Aundreia Cameron et al., Measuring the Effects of Video Surveillance on Crime in Los Angeles (Univ. of Southern CA: School of Policy, Planning, and Development, 5 May 2008) - ^ Smith, Dakota (November 29, 2007). "Weary Paddle Boats Are Returning To Echo Park Lake". La.curbed. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Acker, Susan (March 22, 2009). "In and Around Los Angeles: Pedaling around MacArthur Park". Susanacker.blogspot.com. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "This will be your last weekend to ride the Echo Park Lake pedal boats". Theeastsiderla.com. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "Robert Williams, Skill, John Zender Estrada, Hector "Hex" Rios, Geo, Exit, Trip, Hate, Prime, and others, Underpass murals, MacArthur Park, Los Angeles". Publicartinla.com. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "Sculptural and Mural Works in MacArthur Park and in Lafayette Park, Los Angeles". Publicartinla.com. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "This part of MacArthur Park is closing to the homeless — and everybody else — for 10 weeks". Los Angeles Daily News. October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
- ^ "Attacks on transgender women expose MS-13 gang's grip on MacArthur Park". Los Angeles Times. August 26, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Greene, Andy (April 1, 2021). "Gym Class Heroes' Travie McCoy on Surprise TikTok Resurgence: 'It's F—ing Awesome'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
- ^ Allen, Jeremy (November 7, 2018). "Can you spot the pre-fame celebrities in these music videos? - BBC Music". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
- ^ Hogan, Marc; Pearce, Sheldon (March 3, 2017). "Lorde's "Green Light" Director Grant Singer Reveals Story Behind the Video". Pitchfork. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
External links
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