Colonel Maludin Simbolon (13 September 1916 – 2000) was an Indonesian military officer, independence fighter, and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia's (PRRI) Cabinet.[1]
Maludin Simbolon | |
|---|---|
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| Born | 13 September 1916 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency |
| Died | 2000 |
| Allegiance |
|
| Service |  Indonesian Army |
| Years of service | 1942–1961 |
| Rank |  Kolonel |
| Spouse(s) | Pariyem |
| Children | 5 |
| PRRI Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office February 1958 – September 1961 | |
| Commander of Kodam I/Bukit Barisan | |
| In office 1950–1956 | |
| Preceded by | office established |
| Succeeded by | Djamin Ginting |
Background
editMaludin Simbolon was the second of ten children of his parents, Julius Simbolon and Nursiah Lumbantobing.[2] His father worked as a plantation foreman in Pearaja, Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency.[2]
Simbolon took his basic education at a Hollandsch-Inlandsche School Siantar Narumonda, then continued at Chr. Hollandsch Inlandsche Kweekschool (teacher school) Solo, Central Java, and graduated in 1938.[2] There he met his future wife Paniyem in Solo,[3] and from their marriage they had five children.[2]
Before the outbreak of World War II, he had taught as a teacher at HIS Solo, and also in Curup, Bengkulu.[2][4]
Military career
editSimbolon entered Giyūgun (義勇軍 giyūgun, voluntary army) training during the Japanese Occupation, and afterward graduated as a Second Lieutenant.[2] He was later assigned to the Gyugun battalion headquarters in South Sumatra, in the education and training section.[2]
Immediately after the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, People's Security Army (TKR) was formed and he was appointed Commander of the Palembang Ulu Division, with the rank of Colonel.[2] In a reorganization of TKR forces in Sumatra, Simbolon was appointed Commander of Division I / Lahat (1945–46), who supervised 4 regiments and 15 battalions in South Sumatra.[2][4] When TKR was changed into the Republic of Indonesia's Army (TRI), Simbolon became Commander of the Garuda VII Division in South Sumatra, which oversaw Lampung, Bengkulu, Palembang, and Jambi.[2]
During the Second Dutch Military Aggression, the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia was formed in Sumatra, in which A.K. Gani became military governor and Maludin Simbolon became the deputy.[2][4] In 1950, he was appointed commander of the Bukit Barisan Territorial-I Army Command, which was formed in conjunction with the formation of the North Sumatra Province which included Aceh, North Tapanuli, South Tapanuli, West Sumatra, and East Sumatra.[2]
PRRI involvement
editMaludin Simbolon was among the regional leaders in Sumatra and Sulawesi, who were dissatisfied with various central government policies in the late 1950s.[1][5] Some of the demands desired by the regional leaders were improvement of soldier welfare, greater regional autonomy, and replacement of some of the civil and military officials in Jakarta.[1][5]
Simbolon later joined the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI), and announced the termination of the North Sumatra military region's relationship with the central government on December 22, 1956, in Medan, although remained loyal to leadership of the duumvirate Sukarno-Hatta.[5] The Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet in Jakarta that night also held an emergency meeting, and in the morning President Sukarno announced Simbolon's removal from his position and appointed his deputy, Lieutenant Colonel Djamin Ginting, to secure the situation.[1][5] Also mentioned that Lt. Col. Abdul Wahab Makmoer was to be the next commander, should Lt. Col. Gintings fail the effort.[1][5]
Fast movements of troops led by Lt. Col. Gintings were immediately abled to control important positions in Medan.[1][5] The Central government then sent paratroopers deployed in Medan to support Gintings' forces, so the troops loyal to Simbolon backed away from fighting to the north of Medan, then to Balige, Central Tapanuli.[5] Simbolon and the troops loyal to him then continued the guerrilla resistance and coordinated with other PRRI forces under Lt. Col. Achmad Husein in Bukittinggi.[1][6] Besides Medan, the central government also deployed paratroopers and landed troops from the sea in Palembang and Padang, to effectively control the PRRI resistance in Sumatra.[7]
On July 27, 1961, Maludin Simbolon with his staff and the troops of "Pusukbuhit Division" surrendered formally to the Commander of Kodam II, Lt. Col. Manaf Lubis in Balige, thus ending their resistance to the central government.[8]
Death
editMaludin Simbolon died in 2000, aged 84 years old.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Kahin, Audrey; Kahin, George McTurnan (1997). Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia (1st ed.). Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295976181. OCLC 37395210.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Damanik, Erond Litno (2010-01-28). "Kolonel Maludin Simbolon: Ingatan Kolektif Masyarakat Terhadap Jatuhnya Pesawat Tentara Pusat di Huta Tongah". Pusat Studi Sejarah dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Lembaga Penelitian-Universitas Negeri Medan (Pussis Unimed)'s Blog. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
- ^ "Kolonel Inf Maludin Simbolon". pearajatv.blogspot.com. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
- ^ a b c Simatupang, Tahi Bonar; Anderson, Benedict Richard O'Gorman (2010). Report from Banaran: Experiences During the People's War. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 9786028397551. OCLC 624373148.
- ^ a b c d e f g Stoler, Ann Laura (1995). Capitalism and Confrontation in Sumatra's Plantation Belt, 1870-1979 (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472082191. OCLC 32859230.
- ^ Dixon, Jeffrey C.; Sarkees, Meredith Reid (2013). Guide to intrastate wars : a handbook on civil wars. Washington, D.C.: CQ. ISBN 978-1-4522-3420-5. OCLC 906009220.
- ^ Conboy, Kenneth (2003). Kopassus : inside Indonesia's special forces (1st Equinox ed. 2003 ed.). Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 979-95898-8-6. OCLC 51242376.
- ^ Anwar, Rosihan (2006). Sukarno, tentara, PKI : segitiga kekuasaan sebelum prahara politik, 1961-1965 (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor. ISBN 979-461-613-3. OCLC 72704674.
- ^ Tempo (in Indonesian). Badan Usaha Jaya Press Jajasan Jaya Raya. 2007. p. 49.