Merauke is a large town (kelurahan) and an administrative district (distrik) in Merauke Regency of South Papua Province, Indonesia. It is also the administrative centre of Merauke Regency, and is considered to be the easternmost city in Indonesia, although it currently lacks city status. The town was originally called Ermasoe.[2] It is next to the Maro River where the Port of Merauke is located.[3] Merauke District covers a land area of 500.41 km2, and had a population of 87,634 at the 2010 Census.[4] which at the 2020 Census had increased to 102,351;[5] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 110,541 (comprising 56,578 males and 53,963 females).[1]
Merauke | |
|---|---|
 Lingkaran Brawijaya (Libra) 969 monument in Merauke | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
  Merauke Location in Western New Guinea and Indonesia  Merauke Merauke (Indonesia) | |
| Coordinates: 8°28′S 140°20′E / 8.467°S 140.333°E | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Province | South Papua |
| Regency | Merauke Regency |
| Government | |
| • Head of district | Kristian Ndiken |
| Area | |
• Total | 500.41 km2 (193.21 sq mi) |
| Population (mid 2023 estimate) | |
• Total | 110,541 |
| • Density | 220/km2 (570/sq mi) |
| [1] | |
| Demographics | |
| • Languages | Auyu, Kolopom, Mandobo, Marind, Muyu, Mombum (natives) Javanese (dominant), and others |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Indonesia Eastern Time) |
| Area code | (+62) 975 |
| Climate | Aw |
| Website | http://www.merauke.go.id |
Communities
editThe district is sub-divided into eleven urban kelurahan and 5 rural villages (kampung). These are listed below with their official codes (kode wilayah) and their populations as at mid 2023,[1] together with their post codes. The names of the five desa are followed by asterisks.
| Kode Wilayah |
Name of kelurahan or desa |
Pop'n Estimate mid 2023 |
Post code |
|---|---|---|---|
| 93.01.01.2001 | Nasem * | 572 | 99618 |
| 93.01.01.1002 | Samkai | 11,801 | 99615 |
| 93.01.01.1003 | Karang Indah | 9,828 | 99614 |
| 93.01.01.1004 | Mandala | 15,158 | 99617 |
| 93.01.01.1005 | Maro | 11,015 | 99613 |
| 93.01.01.1006 | Kelapa Lima | 12,038 | 99612 |
| 93.01.01.1007 | Rimba Jaya | 11,773 | 99610 |
| 93.01.01.2008 | Wasur * | 652 | 99611 |
| 93.01.01.1009 | Bambu Pemali | 7,788 | 99616 |
| 93.01.01.1010 | Seringgu Jaya | 8,055 | 99619 |
| 93.01.01.1011 | Kamundu | 6,996 | 99607 |
| 93.01.01.1012 | Kamahedoga | 3,043 | 99606 |
| 93.01.01.1013 | Muli | 8,640 | 99608 |
| 93.01.01.2014 | Bokem * | 464 | 99604 |
| 93.01.01.2015 | Buti * | 2,414 | 99605 |
| 93.01.01.2016 | Nggolar * | 306 | 99609 |
| 93.01.01 | Totals | 41,642 |
History
editMerauke was established in February 1902 as a military post by the Dutch, to prevent raids by the Marind-anim into neighbouring British New Guinea and the northwest Torres Strait Islands (Boigu, Dauan and Saibai). The Dutch also tried to establish a rice colony there, but to no avail.
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Merauke was used as a transit point between Java, and the Boven-Digoel internment camp where many Indonesian Communist Party members were being sent.
Merauke was the site of an Allied air and naval base, Naval Base Merauke, during World War II and there was ground fighting between Australian and Japanese patrols in the area.[6]
The expression "Sabang to Merauke" is used as shorthand for the territorial extent of Indonesia from west to east, for instance in the name of Sabang Merauke Raya Air Charter. For instance, President Suharto stated in 1968 that "independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity from Sabang to Merauke are for the Indonesian people matters of principle".[7]
Climate
editMerauke has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) with moderate to little rainfall from May to November and heavy rainfall from December to April.
| Climate data for Merauke (2000–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.9 (93.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.3 (91.9) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
33.3 (91.9) |
35.6 (96.1) |
36.1 (97.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.1 (97.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.4 (88.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.6 (87.1) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.9 (84.0) |
29.3 (84.7) |
30.5 (86.9) |
31.5 (88.7) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.3 (90.1) |
30.8 (87.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.6 (76.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.2 (75.6) |
23.6 (74.5) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
22.5 (72.5) |
23.2 (73.8) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.9 (76.8) |
23.8 (74.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) |
21.1 (70.0) |
20.6 (69.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.4 (57.9) |
15.6 (60.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
20.6 (69.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 279.0 (10.98) |
278.0 (10.94) |
329.2 (12.96) |
230.4 (9.07) |
170.3 (6.70) |
58.7 (2.31) |
35.4 (1.39) |
66.3 (2.61) |
21.6 (0.85) |
53.0 (2.09) |
96.5 (3.80) |
165.5 (6.52) |
1,783.9 (70.22) |
| Average precipitation days | 14.7 | 14.7 | 15.7 | 12.9 | 9.8 | 8.3 | 6.8 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 10.3 | 109 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 83 |
| Source 1: Meteomanz[8] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes)[9]Danish Meteorological Institute (humidity)[10] | |||||||||||||
Religion
editThe Cathedral of St. Francis Xavier in Merauke is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Merauke.
Education
editMerauke hosts the Musamus Merauke University, a state-run public university. It was founded as an academy in 2001 and officially became university in 2006.
Merauke as the name
editMerauke is used for the name of United States navy ship, USS Merauke (ID-2498).
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Distrik Merauke Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.9401040)
- ^ A Dictionary of the Aneityumese Language: In Two Parts, I. Aneityumese and English, II. English and Aneityumese; Also, Outlines of Aneityumese Grammar, and an Introduction by John Inglis, Williams & Norgate, 1882
- ^ Port of Merauke
- ^ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^ Klemen, L. "The last Dutch fortress in the East Indies - Merauke, Dutch New Guinea, 1942". The Netherlands East Indies 1941-1942.
- ^ "Transcript: Speech given by President Suharto at state dinner in honour of the Australian prime minister, Mr. John Gorton" (PDF). Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 13 June 1968.
- ^ "SYNOP/BUFR observations. Data by months". Meteomanz. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Merauke" (PDF) (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "STATION NUMMER 97980" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
8°28′S 140°20′E / 8.467°S 140.333°E
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