The Mougoulacha were a Native American tribe that lived near Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana.
Imongolosha | |
|---|---|
| Total population | |
| extinct as a tribe, merged into the Houma | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Louisiana | |
| Languages | |
| Southern Muskogean language | |
| Religion | |
| Indigenous religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Acolapissa, Okelousa, Quinapissa, Tangipahoa[1] |
Some sources indicate that the Mougoulacha may have been the same tribe as the Quinipissa, Acolapissa, and the Tangipahoa.[2] John Reed Swanton suggests that the Quinipissa merged into the surviving Mougoulacha.[3] According to several sources related to the Houma, many tribes in the area of Lake Pontchartrain were called Mougoulacha.[2]
Name
editThe name Mougoulacha, also spelled Mugulasha[3] is a simplified version of the name Imongolosha, which may translate as "People from the other side".[2][4]
Population
editEthnologist James Mooney estimated that the Mougoulacha, Bayagoula, and Quinipissa had a combined population of 1,500 in 1650.[3] In 1699 Iberville said that the Bayagoula and Mougoulacha together had about 180 to 250 warriors and an estimated 1,250 people.[5]
Language
editThe Mougoulacha language was a Southern Muskogean languages, closely related to Choctaw and Chickasaw.[6]
History
editIn the year 1699 Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville journeyed to the east of the Mississippi River Delta and encountered the Mougoulacha tribe.[7] d'Iberville was amazed that the Mougoulacha chief was wearing a blue serge coat. The chief said that the coat was given to him many years ago when Henri de Tonti explored the area.[8] The Mougoulacha chief then showed d'Iberville a letter that was written in French. d'Ibberville determined that the letter was left by Tonti with the Quinipissa tribe fourteen years earlier.[9] This led d'Iberville to believe that the Mougoulacha were actually the remaining members of the Quinipissa tribe.[10]
The Bayagoula and Mougoulacha settled together in one village by 1699, but in the spring of 1700, the Bayagoula attacked and almost completely destroyed the Mougoulacha.[3] After that, the tribe is not described again by chroniclers of the time.[11]
Culture
editThe tribe maintained perpetual fires burning in two village temples. The temples were the same size as their homes but decorated with animal carvings. The explorer d'Iberville said that he saw many carvings of opossums which they called choucouacha in their Native language along with offerings of deer, bear, and bison skins inside the temple. A Jesuit priest named Paul du Ru said that the Mougoulacha had two temples in each village located on opposite sides of a large plaza.[12]
Notes
edit- ^ Fred B. Kniffen; Hiram F. Gregory; George A. Stokes (1994). The Historic Indian Tribes of Louisiana: From 1542 to the Present Louisiana. LSU Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-8071-1963-1.
- ^ a b c Fred B. Kniffen; Hiram F. Gregory; George A. Stokes (1 September 1994). The Historic Indian Tribes of Louisiana: From 1542 to the Present Louisiana. LSU Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-8071-1963-1.
- ^ a b c d John Reed Swanton (1952). The Indian Tribes of North America. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-8063-1730-4. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ Journal de la Société des américanistes de Paris. La Société. 1922. p. 249.
- ^ Robert S. Weddle (1991). The French Thorn: Rival Explorers in the Spanish Sea, 1682-1762. Texas A&M University Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-89096-480-4.
- ^ Anthropological Linguistics. Anthropology Department, Indiana University. 2005. p. 41.
- ^ Christopher Morris (21 August 2012). The Big Muddy: An Environmental History of the Mississippi and Its Peoples from Hernando de Soto to Hurricane Katrina. Oxford University Press. pp. 43–. ISBN 978-0-19-997706-2.
- ^ Robbie Franklyn Ethridge (2010). From Chicaza to Chickasaw: The European Invasion and the Transformation of the Mississippian World, 1540-1715. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 177–. ISBN 978-0-8078-3435-0.
- ^ Andi Eaton (30 September 2014). New Orleans Style. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-62585-173-4.
- ^ Robbie Ethridge (15 December 2010). From Chicaza to Chickasaw: The European Invasion and the Transformation of the Mississippian World, 1540-1715. University of North Carolina Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-8078-9933-5.
- ^ Fred B. Kniffen; Hiram F. Gregory; George A. Stokes (1994). The Historic Indian Tribes of Louisiana: From 1542 to the Present Louisiana. LSU Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-8071-1963-1.
- ^ Robbie Ethridge (15 December 2010). From Chicaza to Chickasaw: The European Invasion and the Transformation of the Mississippian World, 1540-1715. University of North Carolina Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-8078-9933-5.
References
edit- John Reed Swanton (1952). The Indian Tribes of North America. Genealogical Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8063-1730-4.