King Mu (581?–641) (r. 600–641) was the 30th king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the 4th son of King Baekje.[1][2]
| King Mu 武王 무왕 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 King Mu's tomb | |||||
| King of Baekje | |||||
| Reign | 600–641 | ||||
| Coronation | 600 | ||||
| Predecessor | Beop of Baekje | ||||
| Successor | Uija of Baekje | ||||
| Born | Around 581? Baekje | ||||
| Died | 641 Baekje | ||||
| Burial | Iksan Ssangreung | ||||
| |||||
| Father | Beop of Baekje | ||||
| Mother | unknown | ||||
| Mu of Baekje | |
| Hangul | 무왕 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 武王 |
| Revised Romanization | Mu-wang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Mu-wang |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | 장, also 무강 or 헌병 |
| Hanja | 璋, also 武康 or 獻丙 |
| Revised Romanization | Jang, also Mugang or Heonbyeong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Chang, also Mugang or Hŏnbyŏng |
| Childhood name | |
| Hangul | 서동 |
| Hanja | 薯童 |
| Revised Romanization | Seodong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sŏdong |
Background
editDuring his reign, the Three Kingdoms (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla) were at war with each other, as alliances shifted and the neighboring China also experienced a change of dynasties.
Because reliable historical sources are hard to find for the Three Kingdoms period, the specifics of Mu's policies are not known.
Reign
editEarly in his reign, Mu attacked Silla several times. He also requested assistance from the Sui dynasty of China to attack Goguryeo. Following the Goguryeo–Sui War, the Sui was replaced by the Tang dynasty in China in 618.
In 627, he attempted to recover land lost to Silla, but stopped when Tang intervened diplomatically. The same year, he sent the Buddhist monk Gwalleuk to Japan with texts on Buddhism, astronomy, history, and geography.
He formally established the Mireuksa temple in 602. He is also said to have ordered the repair of Baekje's Sabi Palace in 630, and the construction near his palace of the earliest known artificial lake in Korea.[3] His policies in the latter half of his reign, which emphasized construction projects at the expense of national defence, are often thought to have contributed to the fall of Baekje, which took place twenty years after his death.
There is reason to believe that he moved the capital of Baekje from Sabi in Buyeo County to Iksan, at least briefly. Archaeological evidence in Iksan, including tombs attributed to Mu and his wife Queen Seonhwa, appears to confirm this.[4]
Analysis of the human bones showed that King Mu died around the age of 60, his height was between 5 feet 3 inches and 5 feet 7 inches (161-170.1 cm), and his year of death is estimated to be between 620 and 659.[5]
Mu retained close ties with Tang China, but Tang later allied with Silla in the wars that ultimately unified the Korean Peninsula under Silla's rule by 668.
Seodong-yo
editThe Samguk yusa relates a legend regarding Mu's marriage to a princess of Silla, although historians consider it unlikely to be true, given the hostilities between the rival kingdoms. In this story, the young Seodong (Mu's childhood name) falls in love with Silla princess Seonhwa, and intentionally spreads a song about the princess and himself among the people.[6] Thanks to this song ("Seodong-yo," or "Seodong's Song"), King Jinpyeong of Silla banishes the princess, and Mu marries her and becomes the king of Baekje.
Family
edit- Father: Wideok of Baekje
- Mother: Yeon Gamo
- Brother: Jin'ni-Ō (辰爾王, ?–?) – settled in Japan and became ancestor of the Ōuchi clan and Toyota clan.
- Queen: Queen Sataek (沙宅王后, d. 642/55[7]) – daughter of Minister Sataek Jeokdeok (沙宅積德).[8]
- 31st king, Uija of Baekje (義慈王, 599–660) – last king of Baekje, known as Buyeo Uija (扶餘義慈) before he became king.
- Queen: Princess Seonhwa (선화공주; 善花公主, ?–?) – daughter of King Jinpyeong of Silla.
- Buyeo Gyogi (扶餘翹岐, ?–?) – banished to Japan in 642.
In popular culture
edit- Portrayed by Kim Seok and Jo Hyun-jae in the 2005-06 SBS TV series Ballad of Seodong.
- Portrayed by Choi Jong-hwan in the 2011 MBC TV series Gyebaek.
- Portrayed by Park Chul-ho in the 2012-13 KBS1 TV series Dream of the Emperor.
See also
editReferences
edit
Content in this article was copied from Samguk Sagi Scroll 23 at the Shoki Wiki, which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.
- ^ Baekje Bon-gi 5, Samguk yusa.
- ^ as written in the Samguk sagi say the translators of Il-yeon's: Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Book Two, page 124. Silk Pagoda (2006). ISBN 1-59654-348-5
- ^ 네이버 백과사전
- ^ "Brilliant Baekje - Iksan, Unrealized Baekje People's dream". www.ocp.go.kr:8091. Archived from the original on 26 September 2003. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- ^ "Royal tomb in Iksan likely belongs to King Mu of Baekje". www.ocp.go.kr:8091. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ Il-yeon: Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Book Two, page 122f. Silk Pagoda (2006). ISBN 1-59654-348-5
- ^ According to the Nihon Shoki (일본서기), Uija's mother died in 642 during his first year reign. But, it generally believed to be 655 in Japan.
- ^ 사택왕후(沙宅王后)