The Myanmar Economic Corporation (Burmese: မြန်မာ့စီးပွားရေး ကော်ပိုရေးရှင်း; abbreviated MEC) is one of the two major conglomerates and holding companies operated by the Burmese military, the other being the Myanma Economic Holdings Limited. The U.S. Treasury Dept. reports that MEC "is a holding company with businesses in the mining, manufacturing, and telecommunications sectors, as well as companies that supply natural resources to the military, and operate factories producing goods for use by the military."[1][2] As of August 2022, Nyo Saw is the chairman of MEC.[3]
Native name | မြန်မာ့စီးပွားရေး ကော်ပိုရေးရှင်း |
|---|---|
| Industry | Conglomerate |
| Founded | February 1997 |
| Founder | Ministry of Defence (Burma) |
| Headquarters | , |
Key people | Nyo Saw, chairman |
| Subsidiaries | Innwa Bank |
| Website | www |
Founded in 1997 by Lt General Tin Hla to establish profitable heavy industries that can provide the Burmese military access to supplies of important materials (e.g. cement and rubber), MEC's operations are shrouded in secrecy.[4] Revenues generated from MEC have strengthened the Burmese military's autonomy from civilian oversight, and has contributed to the military's financial operations in "a wide array of international human rights and humanitarian law violations."[5]
Ownership
editMEC is owned by the Burmese military, and is influenced by senior Tatmadaw leaders.[5] Along with Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings (UMEHL), MEC is widely observed to generate most of the Burmese military's operating revenue, which are not held accountable to the Burmese parliament, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.[6]
Leadership
editMEC is led by high-ranking Burmese military officials, including members of the ruling military junta, the State Administration Council, including Moe Myint Tun, a MEC director.[7] The former Vice-President of Burma, Tin Aung Myint Oo, is a former Myanmar Economic Corporation chairman.[8]
Business interests
editIn 2009, MEC had 21 factories, including 4 steel plants, a bank, a cement plant and an insurance monopoly.[9] Its headquarters are located on Ahlon Road in Yangon's Ahlon Township.[10] MEC has remained on the United States' list of sanctioned companies due to its affiliation to the Burmese military.[11] MEC also operates Innwa Bank, one of Burma's few banking chains.[12] A subsidiary of MEC, Star High Public Company, owns 28% of Mytel, one of Myanmar's largest telecommunications company, in a joint venture with Viettel.
MEC is operated under the Ministry of Defence's Directorate of Defence Procurement (DPP), with its private shares exclusively owned by active-duty military personnel.[13]
The corporation's capital was established through revenues generated from the public auctioning of state-owned enterprises throughout the 1990s.[14] Through joint ventures with foreign companies and mergers with smaller companies, MEC has positioned itself as one of Burma's largest corporations.[14]
In 2000, MEC launched Cybermec Information Technology Center, an IT venture.[15]
History
editFollowing the February, 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, in which the Tatmadaw seized power from the elected civilian government, the United States sanctioned MEC, March 25, 2021, for the company's association with, and support of, the Tatmadaw,[1] -- impounding U.S.-held assets of the company, and forbidding U.S. nationals from doing business with them.[1][2][16]
References
edit- ^ a b c Nunley, Christian: "U.S. sanctions companies that back Myanmar military following coup," March 25, 2021, updated March 26, 2021, CNBC, retrieved March 29, 2021
- ^ a b "Treasury Sanctions Military Holding Companies in Burma," March 25, 2021, U.S. Department of the Treasury, retrieved March 29, 2021
- ^ "Myanmar Military's Business Supremo in Spotlight". The Irrawaddy. 2022-08-17. Retrieved 2023-01-27.
- ^ "Myanmar: The Politics of Economic Reform" (PDF). Asia Report (231). International Crisis Group. 27 July 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ a b "Economic interests of the Myanmar military". United Nations Human Rights Council. 2019-09-16. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
- ^ Mungpi (24 December 2009). "Junta stocking up on weapons for rainy day: observer". Mizzma. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ "Min Aung Hlaing and His Generals: Some Biographical Notes". FULCRUM. 2021-08-04. Retrieved 2022-09-26.
- ^ Heather, Victoria (3 October 2012). "VP pushed out over corruption, resistance to reforms". Democratic Voice of Burma. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ Steinberg, David I. (2009). Burma/Myanmar: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195390681.
- ^ "MYANMAR ECONOMIC CORPORATION". Excluded Parties List System. U.S. Government. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ^ Bruce, Victoria (16 July 2012). "Reporting rules for US firms revealed". Myanmar Times. Archived from the original on 20 July 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ "Administration Eases Financial and Investment Sanctions on Burma". HumanRights.gov. United States Government. 11 July 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ Singh, Ravi Shekhar Narain (2005). Asian Strategic And Military Perspective. Lancer Publishers. p. 209. ISBN 9788170622451.
- ^ a b Min Zin (August 2003). "Waiting for an Industrial Revolution". Irrawaddy. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ "Generals invest in IT". Business. The Irrawaddy. August 2000. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ "Burma-related Designations, Designation Update and Designation Removal; Global Magnitsky Designation Update; Counter Terrorism Designation Update; Issuance of Burma-Related General Licenses and Associated Frequently Asked Questions". U.S. Department of the Treasury. Retrieved 2022-08-04.