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Pannonica de Koenigswarter

Baroness Kathleen Annie Pannonica 'Nica' de Koenigswarter (née Rothschild; 10 December 1913 – 30 November 1988) was a British-born jazz patron and writer. A leading patron of bebop, she was a member of the Rothschild family.

Baroness Pannonica de Koenigswarter
Pannonica de Koenigswarter
Pannonica de Koenigswarter in 1947
Born
Kathleen Annie Pannonica Rothschild

(1913-12-10)10 December 1913
London, UK
Died30 November 1988(1988-11-30) (aged 74)
New York City, US
Known forPatronage of jazz
Notable workThree Wishes: An Intimate Look at Jazz Greats
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1935; div. 1956)​
Parent(s)Charles Rothschild
Rózsika Rothschild

Personal life

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Her childhood home, Waddesdon Manor

Kathleen Annie Pannonica Rothschild was born in December 1913, in London, the youngest daughter of Charles Rothschild and his wife, Hungarian baroness Rózsika Edle von Wertheimstein, daughter of Baron Alfred von Wertheimstein of Bihar County. She was born into a branch of the wealthiest family in the world at the time.[1] Her paternal grandfather was Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild. She grew up in Tring Park Mansion as well as Waddesdon Manor, among other family houses. The name "Pannonica" (shortened to "Nica" as a nickname) derives from Eastern Europe's Pannonian plain. Her friend Thelonious Monk reported that she was named after a species of butterfly her father had discovered, although her great-niece has found that the source of the name is a rare species of moth, Eublemma pannonica.[2] She was a niece of Walter Rothschild, the 2nd Baron Rothschild, and her brother Victor Rothschild became the 3rd Baron Rothschild. Her elder sister was the zoologist and author Dame Miriam Rothschild.[2]

In 1935, she married French diplomat Baron Jules de Koenigswarter, later a Free French hero.[3] In 1937, they bought and moved to the Château d'Abondant, a 17th-century château in north-west France they acquired from the family of American banker Henry Herman Harjes (who had acquired the château in 1920 from the Duchesse de Vallombrosa).[4] She worked for Charles de Gaulle during World War II. The couple, who had five children, separated in 1951, and she moved to New York City, renting a suite at The Stanhope Hotel.[5] The couple eventually divorced in 1956.[3] In 1958, she purchased a house in Weehawken, New Jersey with a Manhattan skyline view, originally built for film director Josef von Sternberg.

Koenigswarter died of heart failure in 1988, aged 74, at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, in New York City. She had five children, two grandchildren, and four great-grandchildren.[6]

Participation in the Free French Army

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She joined the Free French Army to fight against Nazi Germany during World War II. She had refused to participate in the North African Campaign, but she joined clandestinely to fight alongside her husband. The war imposed a suspension of her marital and family duties but she managed to send her children from France to America, secretly moving across continents.[3] She served as a decoder, ambulance driver, and radio host for the Free French.[7]: 113  At the close of the war she was decorated as a lieutenant by the allied armies.[3]

Jazz

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In New York, de Koenigswarter became a friend and patron of leading jazz musicians, hosting jam sessions in her hotel suite, often driving them in her Bentley when they needed a lift to gigs,[3] as well as sometimes helping them to pay rent, buy groceries, and making hospital visits.[2] Although not a musician herself,[2] she is sometimes referred to as the "bebop baroness"[8] or "jazz baroness"[5] because of her patronage of Thelonious Monk and Charlie Parker among others. Following Parker's death in her Stanhope rooms in 1955,[6] de Koenigswarter was asked to leave by the hotel management; she re-located to the Bolivar Hotel[7]: 184  at 230 Central Park West, a building commemorated in Thelonious Monk's 1956 composition "Ba-lue Bolivar Ba-lues-are".

She was introduced to Thelonious Monk by jazz pianist/composer Mary Lou Williams in Paris while attending the "Salon du Jazz 1954".[5] She championed his work in the United States, writing the liner notes for his 1962 Columbia album Criss-Cross. She even took criminal responsibility when she and Monk were charged with marijuana possession by Delaware police in 1958, spending a few nights in jail.[3] De Koenigswarter was sentenced to three years in prison. After a two-year legal battle that was financed by her family, the case was dismissed in a court of appeals on a technicality.[5]

She was a regular visitor to many of New York's jazz clubs, including the Five Spot Café, Village Vanguard, and Birdland.[8] In 1957, she bought a new piano for the Five Spot because she thought the existing one was not good enough for Monk's performances there.[7]: 196  She also did the cover art for Bud Powell's album A Portrait of Thelonious. During the 1950s, she was licensed as a manager by the American Federation of Musicians. Her clients included Horace Silver, Hank Mobley, Sir Charles Thompson, and The Jazz Messengers.[7]: 186  Horace Silver said about her : "I recall playing a week with the Jazz Messengers at a jazz club in Youngstown, Ohio. The club owner refused to give Art Blakey any money because the band had started late several times and we hadn't drawn a crowd. There we were in Youngstown, Ohio, with a week's hotel bill to pay and none of us had any money. I could just picture myself being put in jail because I couldn't pay my hotel bill. But Art called the Baroness, and she wired us some money so we could pay our hotel bills and return to New York. She was a great lover of jazz music and a wonderful person."[9]

Hampton Hawes recalled in his memoir Raise Up Off Me:[10]

Her place became a pad to drop in and hang out, any time, for any reason. She'd give money to anyone who was broke, bring bags of groceries to their families, help them get their cabaret cards, which you needed to work in New York. This bitch was so rich she had permanent tables reserved at all the clubs and a number you could call from anywhere in New York to get a private cab. If I was sick or fucked up I'd call the number and the cab would come and carry me direct to her pad. On my off nights she'd sometimes pick me up in her Bentley and we'd go around to the clubs. I suppose you would call Nica a patron of the arts, but she was more like a brother to the musicians who lived in New York or came through. There was no jive about her, and if you were for real you were accepted and were her friend.

After Monk ended his public performances in the mid-1970s, he retired to de Koenigswarter's house in Weehawken, New Jersey, where he died in 1982.[3]

She used her wealth to pay for the funerals and burial grounds for several jazz musician friends, including Bud Powell, Sonny Clark and Coleman Hawkins.[7]: 215 

Dedications

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There are many compositions dedicated to her: Thelonious Monk's "Pannonica", Gigi Gryce's "Nica's Tempo", Sonny Clark's "Nica", Horace Silver's "Nica's Dream", Kenny Dorham's "Tonica", Kenny Drew's "Blues for Nica", Doug Watkins' "Panonica", Freddie Redd's "Nica Steps Out", Barry Harris's "Inca", Tommy Flanagan's "Thelonica", Frank Turner's "Nica" and more were all named after her.[7]: 253  The San Francisco art rock band Oxbow released a recording entitled "Pannonica" (unrelated to the Thelonious Monk composition) with reissues of their 1991 album King of the Jews. A famous jazz club in Nantes, France, is called "Le Pannonica".[11]

Literature

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De Koenigswarter (Nica) appears prominently in "El perseguidor", a one-hundred page story by Julio Cortázar in the book Las armas secretas (The Secret Weapons, 1959). The latter four stories of this book appeared in translation in the volume Blow-up and Other Stories (alternatively titled The End of the Game and Other Stories); "El perseguidor", ("The Pursuer"), is a homage to Charlie Parker.

In October 2006, the French company Buchet Chastel published de Koenigswarter's book Les musiciens de jazz et leurs trois vœux ("The jazz musicians and their three wishes"). Compiled between 1961 and 1966, it is a book of interviews with 300 musicians who told her what their "three wishes" would be, and is accompanied by her Polaroid photographs. The book was edited for publication by Nadine de Koenigswarter, whom Nica always introduced to people as her granddaughter but who was in fact her great-niece.[12] An English-language version was published in 2008 as Three Wishes: An Intimate Look at Jazz Greats.[13] In October 2023, Buchet Chastel published de Koenigswarter's book L'Oeil de Nica ("The Eye Of Nica"). A photobook of her photographs capturing jazz musicians but also views of Manhattan, moments captured in jazz clubs and deep America shots. A visual testimony to the American and particularly New York 1950-1960s, enhanced by the singular colors of the Polaroid. The photographs are from different boxes that were recently repatriated to France. Buchet Chastel also reissued the French edition of Three Wishes: An Intimate Look at Jazz Greats.

Her photographs were exhibited in 2007 at the Rencontres d'Arles festival.[14][15]

Media depictions

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Film

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Nica was played by Diane Salinger in the Clint Eastwood biographical film Bird (1988) about Charlie "Bird" Parker. In the Eastwood-produced documentary film Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser (1988) she is seen in library footage and heard in an interview.[7]: 170–172 

Television

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In April 2009, a television portrait entitled The Jazz Baroness, written and directed by her great-niece Hannah Rothschild, was broadcast on the television channel BBC Four[16] and repeated on 19 February 2012. It was broadcast in the US by HBO on 25 November 2009.[17] A radio documentary by Rothschild of Nica, The Jazz Baroness, was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 12 February 2008.[18][19] Rothschild has also written the biography detailed below.

Biographies

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  • Youssef Daoudi, Monk!: Thelonious, Pannonica, and the Friendship Behind a Musical Revolution (2018)[20]
  • Hannah Rothschild, The Baroness: The Search for Nica the Rebellious Rothschild (2012)[7]
  • David Kastin, Nica's Dream: The Life and Legend of the Jazz Baroness (2011)[21]

Published works

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  • Koenigswarter, Pannonica de (2008). Three Wishes: An Intimate Look at Jazz Greats (English ed.). Abrams Image. ISBN 978-0810972353.
  • Koenigswarter, Pannonica de (2023). L'Oeil de Nica. Buchet Chastel. ISBN 978-2283038994.

Further reading

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  • The Women of Rothschild: The Untold Story of the World's Most Famous Dynasty, Natalie Livingstone (2021) ISBN 978-1529366716

References

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  1. ^ Boycott, Rosie (11 April 2009). "The secret life of the Jazz Baroness". The Times. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d Friedman, Dan (18 November 2009). "Pannonica". The Jewish Daily Forward. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Singer, Barry (17 October 2008). "The Baroness of Jazz". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  4. ^ "Old Tales Cling to Harjes Chateau; This American-Owned Building Is One of an Historic Trio in the French Riviera". The New York Times. 26 January 1930. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d Busari, Stephanie; Kelly, Tara (2 May 2013). "The glamorous heiress who devoted her life to jazz". CNN. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  6. ^ a b "Baroness Pannonica de Koenigswarter, 74". The New York Times. 2 December 1988. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Rothschild, Hannah (2012). The Baroness: The Search for Nica the Rebellious Rothschild. London: Virago. ISBN 9781844086030. OCLC 774640033.
  8. ^ a b Forbes, Malcolm S.; Bloch, Jeff (1990). "Baroness Pannonica De Koenigswarter: Rothschild Heiress Turned Jazz Patron". Women Who Made a Difference. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 156–157. ISBN 9780671695521. OCLC 22183998.
  9. ^ Silver, Horace (2006). Let's Get to the Nitty Gritty: The Autobiography of Horace Silver. University of California Press. pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-0520253926.
  10. ^ Hawes, Hampton (2001). Raise Up Off Me. Da Capo Press. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-1560253532.
  11. ^ "Pannonica, le lieu".
  12. ^ Hielscher, Hans (17 June 2007). "Jazz und Fotografie: Bebop-Baronin am Drücker". Der Spiegel (in German). SPIEGEL ONLINE – Nachrichten – Kultur.
  13. ^ Koenigswarter, Pannonica de (2008). Three Wishes: An Intimate Look at Jazz Greats. New York: Abrams Image. ISBN 9780810972353. OCLC 191846999.
  14. ^ "Photographie: le coup d'envoi des Rencontres d'Arles est donné" (Press release) (in French). Arles, France. Agence France Presse. 7 July 2007.
  15. ^ Lorrain, François-Guillame (28 June 2007). "Nica, l'amie des jazzmen; Rencontres d'Arles 2007". Le Point (in French). p. 210.
  16. ^ "The Jazz Baroness". BBC Four. n.d. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
  17. ^ "The Jazz Baroness". HBO. 2009. Archived from the original on 21 November 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  18. ^ "The Jazz Baroness". www.thejazzbaroness.co.uk. 2006. Archived from the original on 20 June 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  19. ^ "The Jazz Baroness". BBC Radio 4 Extra. n.d. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  20. ^ Daoudi, Youssef (2018). Monk!: Thelonious, Pannonica, and the Friendship Behind a Musical Revolution (1st ed.). New York City: First Second. ISBN 978-1626724341. https://www.iowasource.com/2018/10/03/thelonius-monk/
  21. ^ Kastin, David (2011). Nica's Dream: The Life and Legend of the Jazz Baroness (1st ed.). New York: Norton. ISBN 9780393069402. OCLC 668194849.

Further reading

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  • Kastin, David (2006). "Nica's Story: the Life and Legend of the Jazz Baroness", Popular Music & Society, Volume 29, Number 3, July 2006, pp. 279–298.
  • Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1996), The Daily Telegraph Book of Obituaries: a Celebration of Eccentric Lives. London: Pan.
  • "La baronne du jazz" - La vraie vie de légende de Pannonica de Koenigswarter by Stéphane Tamaillon and Priscilla Horviller (2020, French)
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