Parvocellular neurosecretory cells are small neurons that produce hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in various nuclei of the hypothalamus or in closely related areas of the basal brain, mainly in the medial zone of the hypothalamus.[1][2] All or most of the axons of the parvocellular neurosecretory cells project to the median eminence, at the base of the brain, where their nerve terminals release the hypothalamic hormones.[1] These hormones are then immediately absorbed into the blood vessels of the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system, which carry them to the anterior pituitary gland, where they regulate the secretion of hormones into the systemic circulation.[1][3][4]
Types
editThe parvocellular neurosecretory cells include those that make:
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which acts as the primary regulator of TSH and a regulator of prolactin[5]
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which acts as the primary regulator of ACTH[6][7][8][9][10]
- Neurotensin, which acts as a regulator of luteinizing hormone and prolactin[7][11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Hall, John E. (2021). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. Michael E. Hall (14th ed.). Philadelphia, PA. pp. 931–932. ISBN 978-0-323-59712-8. OCLC 1129099861.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Splittgerber, Ryan (2019). Snell's Clinical Neuroanatomy. Richard S. Preceded by Snell (8th ed.). Philadelphia. pp. 379–380. ISBN 978-1-4963-4675-9. OCLC 1045082168.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Sawchenko, PE (Dec 29, 1987). "Evidence for differential regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin immunoreactivities in parvocellular neurosecretory and autonomic-related projections of the paraventricular nucleus". Brain Research. 437 (2): 253–63. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)91641-6. PMID 3325130. S2CID 38822848.
- ^ Kovács, KJ; Sawchenko, PE (January 1996). "Sequence of stress-induced alterations in indices of synaptic and transcriptional activation in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons". The Journal of Neuroscience. 16 (1): 262–73. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-01-00262.1996. PMC 6578740. PMID 8613792.
- ^ Ghamari-Langroudi, M.; Vella, K. R.; Srisai, D.; Sugrue, M. L.; Hollenberg, A. N.; Cone, R. D. (13 October 2010). "Regulation of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Expressing Neurons in Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus by Signals of Adiposity". Molecular Endocrinology. 24 (12): 2366–2381. doi:10.1210/me.2010-0203. PMC 2999480. PMID 20943814.
- ^ Lennard, DE; Eckert, WA; Merchenthaler, I (April 1993). "Corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus project to the external zone of the median eminence: a study combining retrograde labeling with immunocytochemistry". Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 5 (2): 175–81. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1993.tb00378.x. PMID 8485552. S2CID 9640772.
- ^ a b Sawchenko, PE; Swanson, LW; Vale, WW (March 1984). "Co-expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin immunoreactivity in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the adrenalectomized rat". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 81 (6): 1883–7. Bibcode:1984PNAS...81.1883S. doi:10.1073/pnas.81.6.1883. PMC 345027. PMID 6369332.
- ^ Horn, A. M.; Robinson, I. C. A. F.; Fink, G. (1 February 1985). "Oxytocin and vasopressin in rat hypophysial portal blood: experimental studies in normal and Brattleboro rats". Journal of Endocrinology. 104 (2): 211–NP. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1040211. PMID 3968510.
- ^ Freeman, ME; Kanyicska, B; Lerant, A; Nagy, G (October 2000). "Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion". Physiological Reviews. 80 (4): 1523–631. doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1523. PMID 11015620.
- ^ Johnston, CA; Negro-Vilar, A (January 1988). "Role of oxytocin on prolactin secretion during proestrus and in different physiological or pharmacological paradigms". Endocrinology. 122 (1): 341–50. doi:10.1210/endo-122-1-341. PMID 3335212.
- ^ Watanobe, H; Takebe, K (April 1993). "In vivo release of neurotensin from the median eminence of ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats as estimated by push-pull perfusion: correlation with luteinizing hormone and prolactin surges". Neuroendocrinology. 57 (4): 760–4. doi:10.1159/000126434. PMID 8367038.