Peter Goelet Gerry (September 18, 1879 – October 31, 1957) was an American lawyer and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives and later, as a U.S. Senator from Rhode Island. He is the only U.S. Senator in American history to lose re-election and later reclaim his Senate seat from the person who had defeated him.
Peter Gerry | |
|---|---|
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| Senate Minority Whip | |
| In office March 4, 1919 – March 3, 1929 | |
| Leader | Thomas S. Martin (1919) Gilbert Hitchcock (1919–1920) Oscar Underwood (1920–1923) Joseph Taylor Robinson (1923–1929) |
| Preceded by | Charles Curtis |
| Succeeded by | Morris Sheppard |
| United States Senator from Rhode Island | |
| In office January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1947 | |
| Preceded by | Felix Hebert |
| Succeeded by | J. Howard McGrath |
| In office March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1929 | |
| Preceded by | Henry F. Lippitt |
| Succeeded by | Felix Hebert |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Rhode Island's 2nd district | |
| In office March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1915 | |
| Preceded by | George H. Utter |
| Succeeded by | Walter Russell Stiness |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Peter Goelet Gerry September 18, 1879 New York City, U.S. |
| Died | October 31, 1957 (aged 78) Providence, Rhode Island, U.S. |
| Resting place | St James Cemetery Hyde Park, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouses | |
| Parent(s) | Elbridge Thomas Gerry Louisa Matilda Livingston |
| Relatives | Robert Livingston Gerry Sr. (brother) |
| Education | Harvard University (BA) |
Early life
editGerry was born on September 18, 1879, in Manhattan, New York City, to Elbridge Thomas Gerry and Louisa Matilda Livingston Gerry. He was a great-grandson of Elbridge Gerry, the fifth Vice President of the United States (who had given his name to the term gerrymandering). His father was worth an estimated $25,000,000 (equivalent to $789,310,345 today) in 1912.[1] Through his paternal grandmother, Hannah Green Goelet, he was a great-great-grandson of real estate investor Peter Goelet. His father, Elbridge T. Gerry, was first cousins with Robert Goelet and Ogden Goelet.[1]
In the summer of 1899, Gerry and his brother Robert were tutored by William Lyon Mackenzie King, who later became the Prime Minister of Canada[2] In 1901, Gerry graduated from Harvard University. He studied law and was admitted to the Rhode Island bar in 1906.[3]
Career
editGerry inherited large real estate holdings from his mother, who died in 1920, which Gerry and his elder brother agreed to sell in 1922.[4] In a 1918 trust agreement, the brothers and their sisters, Angelica Livingston Gerry and Mabel Gerry, could all exchange ownership in Gerry real estate for stock in the Gerry Estates, Inc.[4]
Political career
editGerry was elected to the United States House of Representatives for Rhode Island's 2nd District as a Democrat from 1913 to 1915.[5] He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1914,[6] but he was elected to the United States Senate in 1916 and served from 1917 to 1929. He was the first United States senator from Rhode Island elected by popular vote rather than by the state senate. He was also the first Rhode Island Democrat United States senator to serve since 1859.[7]
From 1919 to 1929, Gerry was the Democratic Whip. He has been described as a "Wilsonian Moralist".[citation needed] In 1928 he was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election, but in 1934 he was again elected to the U.S. Senate over the man who had defeated him six years earlier. He was not a candidate for re-election in 1946 and served until 1947.[3]
Despite the great divide between Democrats and Republicans during his first stint in the Senate, he appeared open to a cordial relationship with the Majority Whip, Senator Charles Curtis, who later became Senate Majority Leader and Vice President.[8]
Personal life
edit
First marriage
editIn 1910, Gerry married Mathilde Scott Townsend (1885–1949), the daughter of Richard H. Townsend (1850–1902), the President of the Erie and Pittsburgh Railroad, and the granddaughter of William Lawrence Scott (1828–1891), a Pennsylvania railroad and coal magnate who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. They did not have children and divorced in 1925. Later that same year, Mathilde married Sumner Welles (1892–1961), who was seven years her junior, and who had divorced his wife, Esther Slater, in 1923.[9] At the time, rumors circulated around Washington that Sumner and Mathilde were having an affair that wrecked both their marriages.[9]
Second marriage
editOn October 22, 1925, Gerry married Edith Stuyvesant Dresser (1873–1958), the widow of George Washington Vanderbilt II (1862–1914).[10][11] Edith, a daughter of Maj. George Warren Dresser, was the mother of Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt (1900–1976), who married John Francis Amherst Cecil, son of Lord William Cecil and Mary Rothes Margaret Tyssen-Amherst, 2nd Baroness Amherst of Hackney.[12][13]
Death
editGerry died on October 31, 1957, in Providence, Rhode Island. His elder brother, Robert Livingston Gerry, died several hours later in Delhi, New York.[3] He was buried at St James Cemetery, Hyde Park, New York. His widow died on December 21, 1958.[14]
References
edit- ^ a b Hendrick, Burton J. (June 1912). "PERMANENT OWNERS OF NEW YORK". McClure's Magazine. 39 (2). S.S. McClure: 121–138. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2005-08-16. Retrieved 2005-11-10.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c "Peter G. Gerry, Ex-Senator, Dies Hours Before His Brother Robert; Rhode Island Democrat, 78, Was a Foe of New Deal-- Supported Strong Navy". The New York Times. 1 November 1957. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ a b "GERRYS MAY SELL $18,000,000 REALTY; | Sons and Daughters Seek Consent to Transfer Big Holdings to Gerry Estates. | PARCELS IN HEART OF CITY | Include Properties Occupied by | W. & J. Sloane, Stern Bros. and Columbia University Club". The New York Times. 23 May 1922. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ Brayley, Arthur Wellington; Tarbell, Arthur Wilson; Chappel, Joe Mitchell (1913). AFFAIRS AT WASHINGTON. National Magazine. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ "GROOM GERRY FOR SENATE.; Rhode Island Friends Enter Him in Next Year's Race". The New York Times. 4 August 1915. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ "PETER G. GERRY". The New York Times. November 8, 1934. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ "Charles Curtis". National Review. 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ^ a b Devine, Michael J. (February 2000). "Welles, Sumner (14 Oct. 1892-24 Sept. 1961)". www.anb.org. Oxford University Press: American National Biography Online. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ After his death in 1914, she inherited his $50,000,000 estate and later sold the land around the Biltmore Estate to the United States Forest Service. This became part of the Pisgah National Forest.
- ^ "Edith Vanderbilt Wed to P.G. Gerry. Marriage by London Registrar Is Followed by Service at the Savoy Chapel". New York Times. October 23, 1925.
- ^ "Miss Vanderbilt Reported Engaged. Cornelia Said to Be Betrothed to the Hon. John F.A. Cecil of British Embassy". New York Times. March 6, 1924. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
- ^ "John Cecil, Ex-Aide Of British Embassy". New York Times. Associated Press. October 23, 1954. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
- ^ "Mrs. Peter G. Gerry". New York Times. December 22, 1958.
Further reading
edit- United States Congress. "Peter G. Gerry (id: G000141)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
External links
edit- Schlup, Leonard, "Wilsonian Moralist: Senator Peter G. Gerry and the Crusade for the League of Nations", Rhode Island History 58 (February 2000)
- The Diary of William Lyon Mackenzie King
- References to Peter Gerry and Robert Gerry in Mackenzie King diary[permanent dead link]