Reasonable time is that amount of time which is fairly necessary, conveniently, to do whatever is required to be done, as soon as circumstances permit.[1]
As a U.S. legal term, the phrase has been a topic of controversy for many years. It is generally used in reference to performing an action or remitting payment, but this is a very vague term which causes litigation problems in many court cases. Uniform Commercial Code section 2-206(2) requires that acceptance of an offer be made within a "reasonable time" if no time is specified:
Where the beginning of a requested performance is a reasonable mode of acceptance, an offeror who is not notified of acceptance within a reasonable time may treat the offer as having lapsed before acceptance.[2]
European Union law refers in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union to:
- A right to good administration:
- Every person has the right to have his or her affairs handled impartially, fairly and within a reasonable time by the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union (Article 41)
- A right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial:
- Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law (Article 47).[3]
In 1998 the European Court of Justice reduced the fine imposed on German business Baustahlgewebe for breach of the EU competition rules. In 1989 the European Commission adopted a determination that 14 producers of welded steel mesh had engaged in unlawful restrictions of competition.[4] Baustahlgewebe appealed against the decision on 20 October 1989 but the Court of First Instance did not rule on the case until 6 April 1995, five years and six months later. The Court of Justice held that the case had not been determined within a reasonable time and reduced the ECU 3 million fine by ECU 50,000 (a reduction of 1.67%).[5]
In the United Kingdom's service provision legislation (Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, section 14, and the Consumer Rights Act 2015, section 52), there is an implied term in a service contract which states that the supplier or trader must carry out the service "within a reasonable time". The term does not apply if the contract specifies a time or a manner for determining the time for the service to be performed.[6][7] Also under UK law in relation to a construction dispute, section 108 of the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 provides a right for one party to a contract to refer a dispute to adjudication. In this context the courts will not recognise that a dispute exists until an issue has been raised by one party and the other party has had a reasonable time to consider the claim.[8] Some cases have addressed questions about the interpretation of "a reasonable time" when the period for addressing a claim covers a holiday period such as Christmas or Easter.[8][9]
New Zealand cases
editReferences
edit- ^ Lehman, Jeffrey; Phelps, Shirelle (2005). West's Encyclopedia of American Law, Vol. 8. Detroit: Thomson/Gale. p. 247. ISBN 9780787663759.
- ^ Legal Information Institute, UCC 2-20692): Offer and Acceptance in Formation of Contract, accessed 16 April 2017
- ^ European Parliament, Council and Commission, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, 26 October 2012
- ^ European Commission, Decision 89/15/EEC, 2 August 1989
- ^ European Court of Justice, Press Release 81/98, The Court of Justice applies "reasonable time" rule and reduces fine imposed on company, 17 December 1998, accessed 5 May 2023
- ^ UK Legislation, Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, section 14, accessed on 8 November 2024
- ^ UK Legislation, Consumer Rights Act 2015, section 52, accessed on 8 November 2024
- ^ a b King, C., Insight: Defending an adjudication: Things to think about, Fenwick Elliott, Issue 90, March 2021, accessed on 16 November 2024
- ^ Bingham, T., Orange EBS Ltd. vs ABB Ltd., published in Building magazine on 13 June 2003, archived on 20 February 2005, accessed on 16 November 2024
See also
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