Wikipedia

River-class offshore patrol vessel

For other naval ship classes of the same name, see River class (disambiguation).

The River class is a class of offshore patrol vessels built primarily for the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. A total of nine were built for the Royal Navy (RN), four Batch 1 and five Batch 2. One Batch 1 (HMS Clyde), which was the Falklands guard ship, was decommissioned and transferred at the end of its lease to the Royal Bahrain Naval Force.

Batch 1 River-class vessels HMS Severn, HMS Tyne and HMS Mersey exercising off the coast of Cornwall, 2012
Class overview
NameRiver class
Builders
Operators
Preceded byCastle class
Subclasses
Built2001–present
In commission2003–present
Planned14
Completed14
Active
  • 8 (Royal Navy)
  • 3 (Brazilian Navy)
  • 2 (Royal Thai Navy)
  • 1 (Royal Bahrain Naval Force)
General characteristics
TypeOffshore patrol vessel
Displacement
  • Batch 1: 1,700 t (1,700 long tons)[1][2]
  • Batch 2: 2,000 t (2,000 long tons)[3][4]
Length
  • Batch 1: 79.5 m (260 ft 10 in)[2][5]
  • Batch 2: 90.5 m (296 ft 11 in)[1][3][4]
Beam
  • Batch 1: 13.5 m (44 ft 3 in)[1][2]
  • Batch 2: 13.5 m (44 ft 3 in)[1][3]
DraughtBatch 1: 3.8 m (12 ft 6 in)[2]
Propulsion
  • Batch 1:
    • 2 × Ruston 12R270 diesel engines, 8,250 kW (11,060 hp), 2 shafts
    • 2 × controllable-pitch propellers
  • Batch 2:
    • 2 × MAN 16V28/33D diesel engines, 14,700 kW (19,700 hp), 2 shafts
    • 2 × controllable-pitch propellers
Speed
RangeBatch 1 & 2: 5,500 nmi (10,200 km; 6,300 mi)[1][5][4]
Endurance
Boats & landing
craft carried
Troops
Complement
Sensors and
processing systems
Armament
Aviation facilitiesBatch 2: Merlin-capable flight deck;[3][4] small UAVs may be embarked[18][19]
Notes
  • Batch 1: 25-tonne crane[20]
  • Batch 2: 16-tonne crane[4]

The three remaining Batch 1 ships perform fisheries security and border patrol tasks in UK waters. The five new Batch 2 ships provide overseas forward presence, performing maritime security duties and disaster relief operations, often supported by a Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessel.

The Batch 1 ships of the class replaced the seven ships of the Island class and the two Castle-class patrol vessels.

HTMS Krabi was the first of two ships adapting the River design for the Royal Thai Navy and built in Thailand. The three ships of the Amazonas-class offshore patrol vessel in service with the Brazilian Navy were developed from the Batch 1 River-class design, and the Royal Navy's Batch 2 ships were in turn based upon the Amazonas design.

Royal Navy

edit

Batch 1

edit

Tyne, Severn and Mersey

edit
 
Mersey visits Guyana during her Caribbean deployment in 2016

In early 2001, the Ministry of Defence placed an order with Vosper Thornycroft (VT) for three River-class offshore patrol vessels to replace the Island class.[2] It was understood that the higher availability rates of the River class (up to 300 days per year) would enable the three new ships to perform the duties of the five ships they replaced. The Royal Navy initially leased the ships from VT under a five-year, £60 million contract.[2] As part of the contract, VT would be responsible for all maintenance and support during the charter period. This contract was renewed in January 2007 for another five years at £52 million.[2] However, in September 2012, instead of renewing the contract again, it was announced by the then Defence Secretary Philip Hammond that the Ministry of Defence had purchased the vessels for £39 million.[2][21]

The River class are significantly larger than the Island-class vessels and have a large open deck aft allowing them to be fitted with equipment for a specific role, which can include fire-fighting, disaster relief and anti-pollution work. For this purpose, a 25-tonne (25-long-ton; 28-short-ton) capacity crane is fitted. In addition, the deck is strong enough for the transport of various tracked and wheeled light vehicles, or an LCVP.[22] The class are primarily used with the Fishery Protection Squadron and EEZ patrol.[2] In 2009, the average running costs for the River class were reported in Parliament at an estimated £20 million: "These figures, based on the expenditure incurred by the Ministry of Defence in 2009–10, include maintenance, safety certification, military upgrades, manpower, inventory, satellite communication, fuel costs and depreciation."[23]

On 24 April 2017, in a written answer to a question raised by Sir Nicholas Soames, Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Defence Harriett Baldwin stated Severn would be decommissioned in 2017, with Mersey and Clyde following in 2019.[24] Severn was decommissioned in a ceremony at Portsmouth on 27 October 2017,[25] with Tyne due to follow in May 2018; however, the latter was brought back into service due to defects with Forth.[26]

In March 2018, Baldwin's successor as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Defence, Guto Bebb, announced that £12.7m had been allocated from the "EU Exit Preparedness Fund" to maintain the three Batch 1 ships to control and enforce UK waters and fisheries following the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union.[27] On 22 November 2018, the Defence Secretary, Gavin Williamson, formally announced that the first three Batch 1 River-class ships would be retained in service.[28]

HMS Tyne, Mersey and Severn are now part of the Offshore Division of the Coastal Forces Squadron (the renamed 1st Patrol Boat Squadron).[29]

Clyde

edit
 
HMS Clyde exercising off the Falklands in 2014

In February 2005, the Ministry of Defence placed an order with VT for the charter of a fourth modified River-class offshore patrol vessel.[2] This fourth ship, HMS Clyde (P257), was constructed at Portsmouth Dockyard and replaced the two Castle-class patrol vessels for duties around the South Atlantic and the Falkland Islands. To fulfil this role, Clyde incorporates several modifications, including an extended length 81.5 m (267 ft 5 in) hull, a top speed of 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph), a 30 mm cannon, two miniguns and mountings for five general purpose machine guns.[2] Clyde's elongated hull permits a 20-metre (66 ft) strengthened flight deck able to accommodate an AgustaWestland AW101 Merlin-sized helicopter. The ship has a full load displacement between 1,850[2] and 2,000 tonnes.[30][31] Clyde was capable of temporarily embarking up to 110 troops and their equipment and inserting them anywhere on the Falkland Islands.[2] Clyde had a complement of 36.[2] Clyde was decommissioned on 20 December 2019.[32]

Clyde was not owned by the Royal Navy, but had instead been leased via a PFI public–private partnership deal with BAE Systems. While the other three were purchased outright by the M.O.D, on 7 August 2020 it was announced in a ceremony held at the HMNB Portsmouth Naval Base that Clyde had been transferred to the Royal Bahrain Naval Force, with the ship renamed as Al-Zubara.[33]

Batch 2

edit

Forth, Medway, Trent

edit
 
Medway during sea trials in 2018

On 6 November 2013 it was announced that the British Government had signed an Agreement in Principle to build three new offshore patrol vessels, based on the River-class design, at a fixed price of £348 million including spares and support for the Royal Navy.[34] In August 2014, BAE Systems signed the contract to build the ships at their BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships shipyards in Glasgow on the River Clyde. The Ministry of Defence stated that the Batch 2 ships are capable of being used for constabulary duties such as "counter-terrorism, counter-piracy and anti-smuggling operations".[35] According to BAE Systems, the vessels are designed to be deployed globally, conducting anti-piracy, counter-terrorism and anti-smuggling tasks currently conducted by frigates and destroyers.[36] Steel was cut on 10 October 2014[3] and the class started entering service from 2017, with the last being delivered in August 2020.[37] The ships are built at the BAE Systems Govan shipyard, then transferred to the BAE Systems Scotstoun shipyard for fitting out.[38]

The Batch 2 ships are fundamentally different in appearance and capabilities from the preceding Batch 1. Notable differences include the 90.5 metres (296 ft 11 in) long hull,[1] a top speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph),[1] a flight deck that can take an AgustaWestland Merlin helicopter,[1] a displacement of around 2,000 tonnes[3][4] and greatly expanded capacity for accommodating troops.[1] The Batch 2 ships also have a different (full width) superstructure, and a fundamentally different above-water hullform shape (greater bow flare, different and less-pronounced forward knuckle line compared to the Batch 1 ships, lack of the distinctive forward and aft bulwarks of the Batch 1 vessels). The class is also fitted with the Kelvin Hughes SharpEye integrated radar system for navigation,[13] the Terma Scanter 4100 2D radar for air and surface surveillance,[14] and a BAE CMS-1 "Combat Management System".[4][15]

Batch 2 are also the first Royal Navy ships fitted with the BAE Systems Shared Infrastructure operating system.[4] BAE describes Shared Infrastructure as "a state-of-the-art system that will revolutionise the way ships operate by using virtual technologies to host and integrate the sensors, weapons and management systems that complex warships require. Replacing multiple large consoles dedicated to specific tasks with a single hardware solution reduces the number of spares required to be carried onboard and will significantly decrease through-life costs."[39]

The class has been criticised in evidence to the Commons Defence Select Committee: lacking a helicopter hangar, something that will limit usefulness of the helicopter deck by preventing embarkation of a helicopter for anything other than very short periods; lacking a medium calibre gun (such as 76 mm); and poor value for money. It is argued that because of the lack of these features - which could have been incorporated for the price - the vessels will not be as capable in the ocean-going patrol capacity as claimed.[40] A criticism of the class is that the reasoning behind their commissioning was simply to ensure that public money continued to support BAE dockyards and jobs prior to the ordering of the Type 26 frigate.[41]

The Batch 2 ships for the Royal Navy include some 29 modifications and enhancements over the Amazonas-class corvette built by BAE Systems for the Brazilian Navy.[42] The Royal Navy ships are built to more stringent naval standards, with features such as magazine protection, improved hull integrity and fire safety modifications, as well as greater redundancy.[42]

The first, HMS Forth, was christened at a ceremony at the BAE Systems Scotstoun shipyard in Glasgow on 9 March 2017.[43] Forth replaced HMS Clyde as the Falkland Islands guardship in December 2019.[44][45]

All Batch 2 ships will fulfil forward presence tasks, permanently stationed overseas with rotating crews, releasing the Type 23 frigates which previously filled the roles for other duties. HMS Medway was commissioned in September 2019 and in January 2020 deployed as the long-term Atlantic Patrol Task (North) ship in the Caribbean.[46]

HMS Trent was commissioned in August 2020 and immediately deployed to the Mediterranean on anti-people smuggling tasks.[37] The 2021 defence white paper announced that she would henceforth be permanently based in Gibraltar for operations in the Mediterranean and in the Gulf of Guinea.[47]

Tamar and Spey

edit
 
Tamar during a port visit to London in 2020

The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 announced a further purchase of two more Batch 2 ships at an undisclosed date in the future.[48] Expectations at the time were that this would encompass the three Batch 2 ships announced in 2013, the two additional Batch 2 ships announced in the 2015 defence review, and the modified Batch 1 ship, Clyde. The three Batch 1 ships without flight decks would be withdrawn in favour of the newer ships.[49] The defence review suggested that the ships could be used to increase the Royal Navy's ability to defend UK interests at home and abroad.[48]

During a Defence Select Committee in July 2016, the First Sea Lord Admiral Sir Philip Jones indicated that the option for a fleet of "up to six" offshore patrol vessels had been reduced to five, with Clyde being replaced by HMS Forth, a new Batch 2 ship.[50][51] The First Sea Lord also elaborated on the potential uses for the Batch 2 ships overseas, including the possibility of basing an extra ship at the Falklands Islands, or forward basing it elsewhere.[51]

A £287m order for the two new ships, and support for all five Batch 2 ships, was announced on 8 December 2016.[52] HM Ships Tamar and Spey would join the fleet in 2020 and 2021 respectively, both fulfilling overseas Forward Presence roles and releasing Type 23 frigates for roles more suited to a higher-capability warship.[11]

On 21 April 2017, with construction of HMS Tamar already under way, the first steel was cut for HMS Spey. Like their predecessors, the ships were constructed at the BAE Systems Govan shipyard, then transferred to the Scotstoun shipyard for fitting out.[38]

Tamar arrived at her home port of Portsmouth for the first time on 2 April 2020, joining HMS Trent. She would spend the rest of the year training before commissioning and deploying.[53] HMS Spey began contractor sea trials in September 2020, arriving in her home port of Portsmouth for the first time on 30 October 2020.[54] HMS Spey was commissioned into the Royal Navy in Portsmouth on 18 June 2021.[55]

According to Forbes, in an emergency the Royal Navy might have to attach anti-ship missiles to its Batch 2 River-class patrol ships to make up for its lack of surface warfare frigates and destroyers, and additional upgrades could include attaching a Bofors 57 mm gun.[56] However, no such weapons fit had yet been authorised for the River-class ships.[citation needed]

On 7 September 2021 both HMS Spey and HMS Tamar left Portsmouth to be forward deployed to the Indo-Pacific region. It is anticipated that they will not return for a minimum of 5 years and could stay in the region for up to 10 years.[57]

Foreign orders

edit

Brazilian Navy

edit
 
BNS Araguari in service with the Brazilian Navy

Three vessels of the Amazonas-class offshore patrol vessel based on the River class were built by BAE in the United Kingdom. They were originally intended to be exported for use by the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force; however, the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago cancelled the order in September 2010. In December 2011 it was reported that the Brazilian Navy were interested in buying the vessels, and possibly up to five additional vessels of the same design.[58] The sale, for £133 million (compared to an original £150m), was then confirmed on 2 January 2012.[59]

Royal Thai Navy

edit
 
HTMS Krabi in service with the Royal Thai Navy

HTMS Krabi was the first modified River-class vessel built for the Royal Thai Navy. The ship was built in Thailand but with design, technology transfer and support provided by BAE Systems. In January 2016 it was announced that a contract had been signed to provide the Royal Thai Navy with a second ship based on the River-class OPV to be built under licence at Bangkok Dock Company.[60] This second Thai-built ship, HTMS Prachuap Khiri Khan was launched in August 2019 fitted with four RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles not present on Krabi.[61] The new vessel was commissioned less than two months later.[62]

List of vessels

edit
Name Pennant No. Builder Launched Commissioned Decommissioned Recommissioned Status
River-class patrol vessel (Royal Navy)
Batch 1
Tyne P281 VT Shipbuilding, Southampton 27 April 2002 4 July 2003 In active service Portsmouth [63]
Severn P282 4 December 2002 31 July 2003 27 October 2017 28 August 2021 (active from June 2020)[64] In active service English Channel [65]
Mersey P283 14 June 2003 28 November 2003 Refitting in Falmouth [66]
Modified Batch 1
Clyde P257 VT Shipbuilding, Portsmouth 14 June 2006 30 January 2007 20 December 2019 Transferred to Royal Bahrain Naval Force as Al-Zubara
Batch 2
Forth[3] P222 BAE Systems, Glasgow 20 August 2016 13 April 2018[67] In active service Falklands Patrol Vessel [68]
Medway[3] P223[69] 23 August 2017 19 September 2019[70] In active service; normally based in the Caribbean[71][72]
Trent[3] P224[69] 20 March 2018 3 August 2020[73] In active service; normally based at Gibraltar[74]
Tamar[75] P233 10 October 2018 17 December 2020[76] In active service; [77] deployed to the Indo-Pacific region[78]
Spey[79] P234 19 June 2019 18 June 2021[79] In active service;[80] deployed to the Indo-Pacific region[81]
River-class patrol vessel Modified Batch 1 (Royal Bahrain Naval Force)
Al-Zubara P257 VT Shipbuilding, Portsmouth 14 June 2006 7 August 2020 In active service
ex-HMS Clyde
Amazonas-class patrol vessel (Brazilian Navy)
Amazonas P120 BAE Systems, Portsmouth 18 November 2009 29 June 2012 In active service
Apa P121 BAE Systems, Scotstoun 15 July 2010 30 November 2012 In active service
Araguari P122 16 July 2010 21 June 2013 In active service
Krabi-class patrol vessel (Royal Thai Navy)
Krabi 551 Bangkok Dock Company 3 December 2011 26 August 2013 In active service
Prachuap Khiri Khan 552 2 August 2019 27 September 2019 In active service

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Now BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships.

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Offshore Patrol Vessels". BAE Systems. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Bush, Steve (2014). British Warships and Auxiliaries. Maritime Books. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-1904459552.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Ministry of Defence (10 October 2014). "First steel cut on new patrol ships". gov.uk (Press release). Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Construction begins on new Royal Navy warships". BAE Systems (Press release). Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  5. ^ a b c "River-class". Royal Navy. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  6. ^ "Royal Navy's OPVs Deployed in Indo-Pacific Begin Third Year". Sea Waves Magazine. 19 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  7. ^ Wodecki, Ben (14 April 2022). "Royal Navy to Deploy Autonomous Mine Detectors". AI Business. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  8. ^ "Autonomous systems – the future of Royal Navy mine warfare". Navy Lookout. 26 May 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  9. ^ a b c "River-Class Offshore Patrol Vessels, UK".
  10. ^ "River Class | Royal Navy".
  11. ^ a b @navylookout (30 July 2020). "HMS Forth to commission into the Royal Navy on Monday 3rd August" (Tweet). Retrieved 30 July 2020 – via Twitter.
  12. ^ "Introducing the Royal Navy's new Offshore Patrol Vessels".
  13. ^ a b "Britain orders Kelvin Hughes radar system". United Press International. 14 April 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  14. ^ a b "Terma's SCANTER 4100 radar system has been selected and ordered by BAE Systems for integration on board Royal Navy's OPVs" (Press release). Terma A/S. 17 December 2014. Archived from the original on 6 February 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  15. ^ a b "Combat Management Systems". BAE Systems. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  16. ^ a b "River-Class Batch 2 OPV 'HMS Trent' Commissioned With Royal Navy". Naval News. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  17. ^ "In focus: the Fleet Solid Support ship design". Navy Lookout. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  18. ^ "HMS Trent gears up for impending Africa mission". Royal Navy. 4 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  19. ^ "Royal Navy warship assists West African nations with maritime security". Royal Navy. 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  20. ^ "River Class". Naval Technology. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  21. ^ Powell, Michael (14 September 2012). "Royal Navy nets 'Cod Squad' patrol ships for £39m". The News. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  22. ^ "River Class" Naval Technology
  23. ^ Lord Astor of Hever, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State For Defence (24 November 2010). "Written Answers – Armed Forces: Combat Ships". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. col. WA332.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Harriett Baldwin, Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Defence (24 April 2017). "Warships and Submarines: Decommissioning: Written question – 71203". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons.
  25. ^ "HMS Severn decommissions after 14 years of service". Royal Navy. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  26. ^ Allison, George (16 June 2018). "HMS Tyne to be reactivated as now delayed Offshore Patrol Vessel fleet faults worse than feared". UK Defence Journal. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  27. ^ Guto Bebb, Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Defence (16 March 2018). "Ministry of Defence: Public Expenditure: Written question - 132371". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons.
  28. ^ Ministry of Defence (22 November 2018). "Defence Secretary secures ships to protect home waters". UK Government. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  29. ^ "Coastal Forces Squadron" (PDF). whatdotheyknow.com. Whatdotheyknow.com. 6 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020. I can confirm that Ministerial approval for the change in name from 1st Patrol Boat Squadron to Coastal Forces Squadron was given on 21 May 2020.
  30. ^ Colledge, J. J. (2010). Ships of the Royal Navy. Casemate Publishers. p. 83. ISBN 9781612000275.
  31. ^ "HMS Clyde". Royal Navy. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  32. ^ "HMS Clydes's Last Drive Home For Christmas". Royal Navy. 20 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  33. ^ W, Steve (7 August 2020). "Bahrain receives patrol warship "RBNS Al-Zubara"". WHQ. Bahrain News Agency. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  34. ^ Philip Dunne, Minister for Defence Procurement (12 November 2013). "Written Answers – Patrol Craft". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. col. 561W.
  35. ^ "BAE Systems wins £348 million contract for new UK patrol ships". Reuters. 12 August 2014. Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  36. ^ "Work on three new patrol ships to begin in October". Navy News. 12 August 2014. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015.
  37. ^ a b "HMS Trent Commissioned into Royal Navy in Portsmouth". Forces Network. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  38. ^ a b "Scottish shipyards begin building Royal Navy's latest patrol ship". Royal Navy. 21 April 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  39. ^ "Construction begins on new Royal Navy warship" (Press release). BAE Systems. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  40. ^ Mark Campbell-Roddis (December 2014). "Written evidence to the Defence Select Committee: Shortcomings of the Royal Navy's new Ocean-Going Patrol Ships". Commons Defence Select Committee, UK Parliament.
  41. ^ Corfield, Gareth (9 March 2017). "Royal Navy's newest ship formally named in Glasgow yard". The Register. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  42. ^ a b Philip Dunne, Minister for Defence Procurement (20 October 2014). "Patrol Craft: Written question – 210211". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons.
  43. ^ McCall, Chris (9 March 2017). "Royal Navy welcomes naming of HMS Forth in Glasgow". The Scotsman. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  44. ^ "Make way for Medway as second new patrol ship is named". Royal Navy. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  45. ^ "HMS Clyde Makes First Portsmouth Visit For 12 Years". Forces Network. 20 December 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  46. ^ "HMS Medway sets sail for the Caribbean". Royal Navy. 20 January 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  47. ^ "What The 2021 Integrated Review Means To The Royal Navy?". Naval News. 23 March 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  48. ^ a b National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015: A Secure and Prosperous United Kingdom (PDF). Government of the United Kingdom. 24 November 2015. p. 31. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  49. ^ Earl Howe, Minister of State for Defence (3 December 2015). "Patrol Craft: Written question - HL3909". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  50. ^ "Forth Age Starts As New Patrol Ship Begins Work in Falklands". 13 January 2020.
  51. ^ a b "Commons Select Committee (Defence) – Naval Procurement: Type 26 and Type 45". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 20 July 2016.
  52. ^ de Larrinaga, Nicholas (9 December 2016). "UK orders two more River-class OPVs". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly.
  53. ^ Allison, George (4 June 2020). "HMS Tamar formally joins Royal Navy fleet". Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  54. ^ British Navy HMS Spey River-class offshore patrol vessel debuts at sea, 19 September 2020
  55. ^ Archus, Dorian (18 June 2021). "The Royal Navy commissions 5th and final Batch II River Class OPV HMS Spey - Naval Post". Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  56. ^ Axe, David (19 February 2021). "In an Emergency, The Royal Navy Might Have No Choice But To Stick Missiles On Its Patrol Ships". Forbes. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  57. ^ "Patrol ships bid farewell to Portsmouth as they begin Indo-Pacific deployment". Archived from the original on 7 September 2021.
  58. ^ "Brazil could buy the 3 BAE System's OPV that were canceled by Trinidad and Tobago". Navy Recognition.com. 12 December 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  59. ^ "BAE Systems sells patrol vessels to Brazil". BBC News. 2 January 2012.
  60. ^ Thomas, Richard (29 January 2016). "Second OPV for Royal Thai Navy". Shephard. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  61. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (2 August 2019). "2nd Krabi-class OPV launched for Royal Thai Navy".
  62. ^ Rahmat, Ridzwan. "Thailand inducts second Krabi-class OPV".
  63. ^ https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/snapshot-of-the-status-of-the-british-fleet/
  64. ^ "20210828 Severn Recommissioned | Royal Navy". Archived from the original on 28 August 2021.
  65. ^ https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/snapshot-of-the-status-of-the-british-fleet/
  66. ^ https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/snapshot-of-the-status-of-the-british-fleet/
  67. ^ "Portsmouth to welcome a new warship into service today". The News. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  68. ^ https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/snapshot-of-the-status-of-the-british-fleet/
  69. ^ a b Bush, Steve (2016). British Warships and Auxiliaries 2017. Navy Books. p. 23. ISBN 9781904459699.
  70. ^ "HMS Medway ready for duty after Commissioning Ceremony" (Press release). Royal Navy. 19 September 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  71. ^ "HMS Medway Sets Sail for the Caribbean". Royal Navy. 20 January 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  72. ^ https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/snapshot-of-the-status-of-the-british-fleet/
  73. ^ "HMS Trent departs on her first deployment" (Press release). Royal Navy. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  74. ^ "What the 2021 Integrated Review means to the Royal Navy?". Naval News. 23 March 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  75. ^ "New Royal Navy Offshore Patrol Vessels ordered and named". UK Defence Journal. 8 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  76. ^ "Not any old lion - Navy welcomes HMS Tamar into its family" (Press release). Royal Navy. 17 December 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  77. ^ https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/snapshot-of-the-status-of-the-british-fleet/
  78. ^ Graham, Euan (19 October 2021). "Reflections on the Royal Navy's Indo-Pacific engagement". International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  79. ^ a b @RNinScotland (18 June 2021). "Big day is finally here!" (Tweet). Retrieved 6 July 2021 – via Twitter.
  80. ^ https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/snapshot-of-the-status-of-the-british-fleet/
  81. ^ Graham, Euan (19 October 2021). "Reflections on the Royal Navy's Indo-Pacific engagement". International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River-class_offshore_patrol_vessel&oldid=1245428319"