Robert Smith, 1st Baron Carrington FRS FSA (22 January 1752 – 18 September 1838), was a British banker, slave owner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1779 to 1797 when he was raised to the peerage.
The Lord Carrington | |
|---|---|
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| Member of Parliament for Nottingham | |
| In office 9 February 1779 – 20 October 1797 | |
| Preceded by | Abel Smith |
| Succeeded by | John Borlase Warren |
| Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal | |
| In office 20 October 1797 – 18 September 1838 Hereditary peerage | |
| Preceded by | Peerage created |
| Succeeded by | The 2nd Baron Carrington |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 22 January 1752 |
| Died | 18 September 1838 (aged 86) |
| Spouse(s) | Anne Boldero-Barnard (died 1827) Charlotte Hudson |
| Children | 6, including Robert |
| Parent(s) | Abel Smith Mary Bird |
Early life
editSmith was the third son of Abel Smith (1717–1788) and his wife Mary (née Bird, 1724–1780). His grandfather, also named Abel Smith (c. 1690 – 1756), was the founder of Smith's Bank of Nottingham. He married, as his first wife, Anne Boldero-Barnard (1756–1827), daughter of Lewyns and Anne (Popplewell) Boldero-Barnard, at Tottenham on 6 July 1780.[1]
Politics
editSmith succeeded his elder brother Abel, who died on 22 January 1779, three months after having been returned as MP for Nottingham. Smith was returned unopposed to replace him as MP for Nottingham in a by-election on 9 February 1779. He was reelected for Nottingham in 1780, 1784, 1790 and 1796.[2]
In 1796, he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Carrington, of Bulcote Lodge.[3] His elevation to the Peerage was largely due to his involvement in 'sorting out' the parlous personal financial circumstances of the Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger.[citation needed]
The following year he was made Baron Carrington, of Upton in the County of Nottingham, in the Peerage of Great Britain, and had to vacate his seat in the House of Commons.[4] He was replaced as one of the two members of parliament for Nottingham by Sir John Borlase Warren.
Later life
editSmith was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1800[5] and of the Society of Antiquaries in 1812. In 1819, he was admitted as Nobleman to Magdalene College, Cambridge.[6] He was the Captain of Deal Castle from 1802 until his death.
According to the Legacies of British Slave-ownership at the University College London, Carrington was awarded a payment as a slave trader in the aftermath of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 with the Slave Compensation Act 1837. The British Government took out a £15 million loan (worth £1.8 billion in 2024[7]) with interest from Nathan Mayer Rothschild and Moses Montefiore which was subsequently paid off by the British taxpayers (ending in 2015). Carrington was associated with three different claims, two of which were successful; he owned 268 slaves in Jamaica and received a £4,908 payment at the time (worth £588,342 in 2024[7]).[8]
Family
editCarrington's first wife, Anne, died in 1827. He married, secondly, Charlotte Hudson (1770–1849), daughter of John Hudson and Susanna Trevelyan, in 1836. He was 83, she was 65. He died in September 1838, aged 86. By his first wife he had one son and five daughters.[1] He was succeeded in his titles by his son Robert, who changed his last name to Carrington the next year.[9]
Issue
edit| Life span | Marriage(s) | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| by Anne Boldero-Barnard | |||
| Hon. Catherine Lucy Smith | Died 1843 | Married Philip Henry Stanhope, Viscount Mahon (later 4th Earl Stanhope), son of Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope, and Louisa Grenville; had issue. | |
| Hon. Hester Frances Smith | Died 1854 | Married Rt Hon. Sir Henry Williams-Wynn, son of Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 4th Baronet, and Charlotte Grenville; had issue. | Sir Henry was a second cousin of his brother-in-law Viscount Mahon above. |
| Hon. Emily Smith | Died 1869 | Married Rt Hon. Lord Granville Somerset, son of Henry Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort, and Lady Charlotte Leveson-Gower; had issue. | |
| Hon. Charlotte Elizabeth Smith | Died 1811 | Married Admiral Alan Gardner, 2nd Baron Gardner, son of Admiral Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner, and Susannah Hyde Gale; had issue. | |
| Hon. Harriet Smith | Died 1856 | Married Col. John Frederick Crewe, son of Maj. Gen. Richard Crewe and Milborough Allpress; had issue. | |
| Hon. Robert John Smith, later 2nd Baron Carrington |
1796–1868 | Married, firstly, Hon. Elizabeth Weld-Forester, daughter of Cecil Weld-Forester, 1st Baron Forester, and Lady Katherine Manners; had issue. | The 2nd Baron changed his last name to Carrington by royal licence in 1839.[9] |
| Married, secondly, Hon. Charlotte Drummond-Willoughby, daughter of Peter Drummond-Burrell, 22nd Baron Willoughby de Eresby, and Lady Sarah Drummond; had issue. | |||
References
edit- ^ a b Edward J. Davies, "Some Connections of the Birds of Warwickshire", The Genealogist, 26 (2012):58–76.
- ^ "SMITH, Robert (1752-1838), of Bulcot, Notts". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
- ^ "No. 13914". The London Gazette. 23 July 1796. p. 705.
- ^ "No. 14052". The London Gazette. 7 October 1797. p. 968.
- ^ "Fellows 1660-2007" (PDF). Royal Society. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
- ^ "Smith, Robert, Lord Carrington (SMT819R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ a b UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ "Robert Smith, 1st Baron Carrington". University College London. Retrieved on 20 March 2019.
- ^ a b Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume II, p. 197.
- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.