The Rocket Propulsion Establishment at Westcott, Buckinghamshire on the site of the former RAF Westcott has made a number of notable contributions in the field of rocket propulsion, including input on the rocket design for the Blue Streak missile and the propulsion systems on Chevaline. It was also known as the Guided Projectiles Establishment and PERME Westcott (Propellants, Explosives and Rocket Motor Establishment, Westcott).
| Rocket Propulsion Establishment | |
|---|---|
| Westcott, Buckinghamshire, UK | |
 | |
  Rocket Propulsion Establishment Location within Buckinghamshire | |
| Coordinates | 51°50′31″N 0°58′30″W / 51.842°N 0.975°W |
For many years this establishment was regarded as so secret that it was not marked on Ordnance Survey maps, although it was present, from necessity, on maps for the use of pilots.
History
editEarly history
editThe establishment was set up in April 1946 under the Ministry of Supply. In the initial years a team of German scientists worked at the site, and examples of German weapons were on-site for study. These included the V-1 flying bomb; V-2; Feuerlilie F-55 subsonic missile; Messerschmitt Me 163B rocket-propelled interceptor; Rheintochter-1 anti-aircraft missile; Ruhrstahl X-4 air-to-air wire-controlled missile; Enzian E-1 3,150-lb missile; Henschel Hs 298 anti-aircraft missile; Hs 293 anti-shipping weapon; and Schmetterling and Wasserfall anti-aircraft missiles.[2]
Until the mid 1990s,[1] Westcott undertook the design and development of rocket motors, and was responsible for most of the rocket motors used in British guided missiles and research vehicles.[3] The design of these complete missile systems was undertaken by the Royal Aircraft Establishment at its facilities in Farnborough and Bedford. In 1984 the Rocket Propulsion Establishment came under the control of the Royal Ordnance Factories, and in 1987 control passed to the private sector when British Aerospace took over Royal Ordnance.[4]
Present day
editMuch of the site is now Westcott Venture Park, a business park for light industry.[5] Businesses include a division of Norwegian company Nammo, which continues design and manufacture of the LEROS rocket engines, developed by Royal Ordnance; Airborne Engineering Ltd whose capabilities include rocket system design and testing;[6] and Reaction Engines Ltd, who began construction on a rocket test facility to develop their SABRE rocket engine concept in 2017.[7]
In 2013, English Heritage designated the surviving test-stands and control rooms as Grade II* or Grade II listed buildings.[8] [9] [10] [11] [1] [12]
In 2016, the UK Government announced plans to develop a National Propulsion Test Facility at the site,[13] which opened in 2021. It contains, among other things, a test cell capable of testing engines of up to 1,300N thrust. It is a self-contained facility that does not vent exhaust gasses to the outside. Reaction Engines Ltd contributed their heat exchange technology, allowing the exhaust gasses to be quickly cooled from 2000°C to 50°C.[14][15]
Projects
editExample British rocket and missile programmes with RPE involvement follow, many of which were eventually abandoned:
- Black Arrow – Waxwing third-stage motor
- Black Knight
- Jaguar – first-, second- and third-stage motors
- Skylark
- Sea Slug missile – for naval use
References
edit- ^ a b c Historic England. "K2 test stand, 1960 (1403971)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ "Rocketry at Westcott". Flight magazine. 21 August 1947. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ "Government's Contribution to the Industry". Flight magazine. 12 September 1968. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ "Royal Ordnance Factories". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 10 April 2002. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
- ^ "Westcott Venture Park". Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ "About us". Airborne Engineering Ltd. Archived from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
- ^ Quick, Darren (8 May 2017). "Facility to test SABRE air-breathing engine under construction". New Atlas. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
- ^ Historic England. "A & B test stands, 1947 (1403959)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ Historic England. "C & D test stands, 1947 (1403962)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ Historic England. "E test stand, 1950s (1403965)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ Historic England. "K1 test stand, 1968 (1403968)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ Historic England. "P test stand, 1948 (1403974)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ "UK National Space Propulsion Facility". gov.uk. 12 July 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
- ^ "ESA-led space propulsion test facility passed to UK owner". www.esa.int. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
- ^ "Testing centre for 'more sustainable' rockets opens in Westcott". 17 June 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2024.