"STAR21" was the name given to the Class 952/953 (952・953形) 9-car experimental Shinkansen train developed in 1992 by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan to test technology to be incorporated in next-generation shinkansen trains operating at speeds of 350 km/h (217 mph) or higher.[1] The name was an acronym for "Superior Train for the Advanced Railway toward the 21st Century".[2]
| Class 952/953 "STAR21" | |
|---|---|
Class 952 Class 953 | |
| In service | 1992–1998 |
| Manufacturer | Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Nippon Sharyo |
| Constructed | 1992 |
| Scrapped | 1998 |
| Number built | 9 vehicles |
| Number in service | None |
| Number preserved | 3 vehicles |
| Number scrapped | 6 vehicles |
| Formation | 9 cars |
| Fleet numbers | S5 |
| Operators | JR East |
| Lines served | Tohoku Shinkansen, Joetsu Shinkansen |
| Specifications | |
| Car body construction | Aluminium alloy |
| Width | 3,100 mm (10 ft 2 in) |
| Maximum speed | 350 km/h (217 mph) (nominal) |
| Traction system | Variable frequency (GTO) |
| Electric system(s) | 25 kV AC, 50 Hz Overhead catenary |
| Current collector(s) | Pantograph |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge |
Design
editThe train consisted of nine cars arranged in two distinct "halves", with the Class 952 half-set consisting of four separate vehicles, and the Class 953 half-set consisting of five articulated vehicles using shared bogies.[2][3]
Three different construction methods were used for the vehicle bodies. Cars 1 to 3 used welded hollow aluminium extrusions, cars 4 to 5 used brazed aluminium honeycomb panels, and cars 6 to 9 used an aircraft-style Duralumin fuselage construction.[1]
The front-end design of the two driving vehicles (952-1 and 953–5) were slightly different, although both used a wedge-shaped profile with little lateral taper.[3]
The external livery was light green for the Class 952 cars (including half of car 953–1), "snow" grey for cars 953–1 to 953–3, and beige for cars 953–3 to 953–5, with a light blue window band throughout the length of the train.[2]
Internally, cars were fitted with passengers seats, arranged 2+2 abreast for standard class cars, and 2+1 abreast for the Green car (952-4).[2] Five different types of lightweight seating design were tested.[3]
Formation
editThe set, designated S5, was initially formed as follows with some cars unpowered.[4][5]
| Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designation | Tc | M | M' | Ts | T | M | M' | M | M'c |
| Numbering | 952-1 | 952-2 | 952-3 | 952-4 | 953-1 | 953-2 | 953-3 | 953-4 | 953-5 |
| Seating capacity | 56 | 63 | 72 | 34 | 56 | 48 | 46 | ||
| Weight (t) | 30.0 | 29.9 | 33.2 | 25.5 | 19.4 | 20.7 | 21.4 | 20.4 | 27.0 |
| Vehicle length (mm) | 26,250 | 25,000 | 22,250 | 18,500 | 25,500 | ||||
Cars 1 to 3 were built by Nippon Sharyo, cars 4 to 5 were built by Hitachi, and cars 6 to 8 were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries.[4]
Cars 3 and 7 were fitted with pantographs.[1]
History
edit
The train was delivered in March 1992,[3] and unveiled to the press on 2 April.[6]
On 30 October 1992, the train recorded a Japanese national speed record of 353.0 km/h (219.3 mph) on the Jōetsu Shinkansen between Urasa and Niigata, surpassing the record previously set by JR West's "WIN350" experimental train in August of the same year. On 1 November 1992, the record was raised to 358.0 km/h (222.5 mph) between Tsubame-Sanjō and Niigata.[6]
In 1993, the train was modified with the addition of motors to all axles, increasing its overall rating to 4,620 kW (6,200 hp).[3]
On 13 December 1993, the train reached 400 km/h (248.5 mph), and on 21 December recorded a Japanese national speed record of 425.0 km/h (264.1 mph) on the Jōetsu Shinkansen between Tsubame-Sanjō and Niigata. This record stood until it was broken by JR Central's "300X" experimental train in July 1996.[6]
The STAR21 trainset was officially withdrawn on 17 February 1998.[1][4]
Preservation
editEnd car 952-1 is preserved outdoors at the RTRI large-scale wind tunnel test facility in Maibara, Shiga, first displayed to the public on 10 October 1998.[6] Cars 953-1 and 953-5 are preserved at Sendai Shinkansen Depot.[7] A DT9035B bogie from the train was donated in June 1998 by Sumitomo Metal Industries to the Nara National College of Technology in Nara, where it is kept on display.[8]
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Car 952-1 preserved at Maibara, July 2006 -
Car 953-1 preserved at Sendai Shinkansen Depot, August 2002 -
Sumitomo DT9035B bogie preserved at Nara National College of Technology, June 2012
References
edit- ^ a b c d プロトタイプの世界 - Prototype World. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbunsha. December 2005. pp. 52–55. OCLC 170056962.
- ^ a b c d 日本と世界の鉄道カタログ [Japan and World Railway Catalogue]. Japan: Seibido Publishing. July 1992. pp. 36–39. ISBN 4-415-03262-1.
- ^ a b c d e Semmens, Peter (1997). High Speed in Japan: Shinkansen - The World's Busiest High-speed Railway. Sheffield, UK: Platform 5 Publishing. ISBN 1-872524-88-5.
- ^ a b c 新幹線電車データブック2011 [Shinkansen Databook 2011]. Japan: JRR. March 2011. p. 95. ISBN 978-4-330-19811-8.
- ^ JR全車輛ハンドブック'93 [JR Rolling Stock Handbook 1993]. Japan: Neko Publishing. 1993.
- ^ a b c d Yamanouchi, Shūichirō (2002). 東北・上越新幹線 [Tōhoku & Jōetsu Shinkansen]. Tokyo, Japan: JTB Can Books. ISBN 4-533-04513-8.
- ^ 鉄道のテクノロジーVol1：新幹線 [Railway Technology Vol.1: Shinkansen]. Japan: Sanei Mook. April 2009. p. 122. ISBN 978-4-7796-0534-5.
- ^ Kobatake, Koji (1998). 日本最速新幹線の台車 [Japan's fastest shinkansen bogie]. 1998 Topics (in Japanese). Nara, Japan: Nara National College of Technology. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
Further reading
edit
- Nakamura, Tatsuji (June 1992). "952・953形新幹線電車" [Class 952/953 Shinkansen EMU]. Japan Railfan Magazine. Vol. 32, no. 374. Japan: Kōyūsha. pp. 11–17.