Sabahattin Ali

Sabahattin Ali (25 February 1907 – 2 April 1948) was a Turkish novelist, short-story writer, poet, and journalist.

Sabahattin Ali
Sabahattin Ali
Born	(1907-02-25)25 February 1907 Eğridere, Gümülcine, Ottoman Empire (modern Ardino, Bulgaria)
Died	2 April 1948(1948-04-02) (aged 41) Kırklareli, Turkey
Occupation	Author, poet, journalist
Nationality	Turkish
Period	1926–1947
Literary movement	Realism, social realism
Spouse	Aliye Ali ​ (m. 1935)​
Children	Filiz Ali
Relatives	Selahattin Ali (Father), Husniye Ali (Mother), Saniye Süheyla Conkman (1922–2017) Sister
Signature

Early life

Sabahattin Ali's sister Saniye Süheyla Conkman (1922–2017)

He was born in 1907 in Eğridere township (now Ardino in southern Bulgaria) of the Sanjak of Gümülcine (now Komotini in northern Greece), in the Ottoman Empire. His father was an Ottoman officer, Selahattin Ali, and his mother Husniye. His father's family was from the Black Sea region. He lived in Istanbul, Çanakkale and Edremit before he entered the Teacher School in Balıkesir. His elementary and middle school education was interrupted by WWI, contributing to his difficult childhood. Then he was transferred from Balikesir to the School of Education in Istanbul, where he graduated in 1926 with a teacher's certificate. His various poems and short stories were published in the school’s student paper. After serving as a teacher in Yozgat for one year, he earned a fellowship from the Ministry of National Education and studied in Potsdam, Germany from 1928 to 1930. When he returned to Turkey, he taught German language in high schools in Aydın and Konya.

Later years

While he was serving as a teacher in Konya, he was arrested for a poem he wrote criticizing Atatürk's policies, and accused of libelling two other journalists. He wrote a poem to Atatürk later stating "I was sentenced to prison for 1 year. What saddens me the most is not the sentence, but that your name is dragged into this as a means of personal revenge. I did not do such a thing and I want you to believe it. I ask for forgiveness. I can prove my innocence to an unprejudiced court free of ill thoughts and needless fears".

Having served his sentence for several months in Konya and then in the Sinop Fortress Prison, he was released in 1933 in an amnesty granted to mark the 10th anniversary of the declaration of the Republic of Turkey. He then applied to the Ministry of National Education for permission to teach again. After proving his allegiance to Atatürk by writing the poem "Benim Aşkım" (literally: My Love or My Passion), he was assigned to the publications division at the Ministry of National Education. Sabahattin Ali married Aliye on 16 May 1935 and had a daughter, Filiz. He did his military service in 1936. He was called back to military service twice during WWII, like most Turkish adult males at the time. He was imprisoned again and released in 1944.

Ali founded and edited a popular weekly magazine called Marko Paşa (pronounced "Marco Pasha"), together with Aziz Nesin and Rıfat Ilgaz. In the period between 1941 and 1944 he was among the directors of a monthly sociology journal entitled Yurt ve Dünya based in Ankara. He was among the contributors of the literary magazine Adımlar in 1944.

The Censorship against his works and convictions

Sabahattin Ali, being a supporter of social realism, had published books, poems and articles that were censored and banned by the Government of Turkey at that time. He was arrested and sent to prison in 1931, with the accusations of him making propaganda at the middle school where he was appointed as a German teacher and he spent 3 months in prison. In 1932, he was accused of insulting Mustafa Kemal, and was sent to Sinop Fortress Prison, where he spent almost year until he was released with the Blanket clemency of 1933, thanks to the 10th anniversary of the Republic of Turkey. He could not be a teacher again but he started working as a clerk. In February 1937, one of his best known books, Kuyucaklı Yusuf, was published, but later it was censored and banned by the Government in June because the book was "Opposing the family life and military conscription". In 1944, two of his books, Değirmen and Dağlar ve Rüzgâr, was banned by the Government. In 1946, he started publishing a magazine called Marko Paşa, which was later banned by the Government in 1947. After this, he published series of other magazines called Merhumpaşa, Malumpaşa and Alibaba which were also banned later on. He published another book in 1947, called Sırça Köşk, and it was also banned by the decision of Council of Ministers shortly afterwards, because the book was criticizing the government.

His longest prison sentence was 14 months at Sinop fortress prison, where he wrote many poems and he wrote a few stories involving the prison. One of the poems was "Prison Song V", also known as "Aldırma Gönül", which was composed later on by Turkish musician Kerem Güney, and it became popular later on.

Death

Bust of Sabahattin Ali in his birthplace at Ardino, Kardzhali Province, Bulgaria.

Upon his release from prison, he suffered financial troubles. His application for a passport was denied. He was killed at the Bulgarian border, probably on 1 or 2 April 1948. His body was found on 16 June 1948. It is generally believed that he was killed by Ali Ertekin, a smuggler with connections to the National Security Service, who had been paid to help him pass the border. Another hypothesis is that Ertekin handed him over to the security services, and he was killed during interrogation.

Sabahattin Ali's 100th birth anniversary was celebrated in the city of Ardino, Bulgaria on 31 March 2007. Ali is a well-known author in Bulgaria. His books have been read in schools in Bulgaria since the 1950s and he is especially well-regarded by the country's Turkish minority.

Legacy

His short novel "Madonna in a Fur Coat" (1943) is considered one of the best novellas in Turkish literature. Its translations have recently hit the best sellers lists and have sold a record number of copies in his country of birth. It first appeared on the pages of the daily Hakikat, 1941–42, in 48 instalments. With this novel, Sabahattin Ali became one of the two Turkish novelists (together with Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar's "The Time Regulation Institute") whose works were published as Penguin Classics, where the novel was published in a translation by Maureen Freely and Alexander Dawe and with a scholarly introduction by David Selim Sayers.

Bibliography

Short stories

• "Değirmen" (1935) (Mill)
• "Kağnı" (1936) (Oxcart)
• "Ses" (1937) (Voice)
• "Yeni Dünya" (1943) (New World)
• "Sırça Köşk" (1947) (The Glass Palace)

Plays

• Esirler (1936) (Prisoners)

Novels

• Kuyucaklı Yusuf (1937) (Yusuf of Kuyucak). Kuyucakli Yusuf was made into a movie by Turkish national television.
• İçimizdeki Şeytan (1940) (Devil Inside)
• Kürk Mantolu Madonna (1943). (Madonna in a Fur Coat)

Translation

• Tarihte Garip Vakalar (Strange Cases in History): Ankara, 1936
• Antigone, Sophokles: Istanbul, 1941
• Üç Romantik Hikaye (Three Romantic Stories): Ankara, 1943
• Fontamara, Ignazio Silone: Ankara, 1943
• Gyges ve Yüzüğü (En. Gyges and his Ring, Deutch: Gyges und sein Ring), Christian F. Hebbel: Ankara, 1944

In 2016, Madonna in a Fur Coat was translated into English by Maureen Freely and Alexander Dawe and published by Penguin Classics; the translation was reissued in 2021 with a new, scholarly introduction by David Selim Sayers.

Poetry

• Dağlar ve Rüzgâr (1934 - Second Edition 1943). (Mountains and Wind)

See also

• Turkish literature
• "Sabahattin Ali", by Asim Bezirci, 1974, paperback.

External links

• Media related to Sabahattin Ali at Wikimedia Commons
• Daily Sabah: Sabahattin Ali: Tragic romance and dark realism (in English)