Saccopharynx ampullaceus, referred to as the gulper eel, gulper,[1] taillight gulper or pelican-fish, is an ocean-dwelling eel found in the North Atlantic Ocean. They are found up to a depth of 3,000 m (9,800 ft).[3][4] These fish are rarely observed, so little information is currently known about their habits or full distribution.
| Saccopharynx ampullaceus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Anguilliformes |
| Family: | Saccopharyngidae |
| Genus: | Saccopharynx |
| Species: | S. ampullaceus
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| Binomial name | |
| Saccopharynx ampullaceus Harwood, 1827[2]
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| Synonyms | |
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Type specimen
editIn the fall of 1826, a Captain Sawyer, of the ship Harmony, of Hull, while cruising for northern bottlenose whales at 62° N and about 57° W, found the type specimen, floating at the surface, of what was named Ophiognathus ampullaceus by I. Harwood, at the time the professor of natural history at the Royal Institution of Great Britain. It was at first thought to be an inflated seal skin, but on getting closer they realized it was alive. It was attempting to eat a perch of "about seven inches in circumference". The 1.37 metres (4 ft 6 in) specimen was captured and preserved in rum.[5]
Physical characteristics
editLike other saccopharyngiforms, these fish have large mouths and long, slender bodies with long tails that have a bioluminescent organ at the tip. The function of this organ is currently unknown.
Saccopharynx ampullaceus lacks a traditional gas-filled swim bladder, presumably due to the pressures at the depths they live in. Instead, the function of the swim bladder has been replaced by lymphatic spaces that run along the spine which are filled with a gelatinous substance. This gelatinous substance is thought to be maintained by the eel's aglomerular kidney.[6]
References
edit- ^ a b Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Iwamoto, T. (2015). "Saccopharynx ampullaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18227123A42691869. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T18227123A42691869.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "Saccopharynx ampullaceus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species related to Saccopharynx ampullaceus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Saccopharynx ampullaceus". FishBase. April 2016 version.
- ^ Harood, I. (1827). "On a newly discovered genus of Serpentiform Fishes". Phil. Trans. Royal Society, 1827, V, pp. 49-57.
- ^ Ozaka, Chieko; Yamamoto, Naoyuki; Nielsen, Jørgen G.; Somiya, Hiroaki (2011-11-01). "The aglomerular kidney of the deep-sea gulper eel Saccopharynx ampullaceus (Saccopharyngiformes: Saccopharyngidae)". Ichthyological Research. 58 (4): 297–301. doi:10.1007/s10228-011-0227-1. ISSN 1616-3915. S2CID 24744228.
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