Sepia esculenta, the golden cuttlefish, is a cuttlefish ranging from the Russian seas to the Philippines and throughout the western Pacific.[1] This species of cuttlefish is a nektobenthic organism living with a range of depths between 10m-150m(33 ft-492 ft)[2] but is primarily found within the shallow, coastal waters from japan to the Philippines at a depth between 10m-100m.[3] Members of this species are roughly 18 cm in length.
| Sepia esculenta | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Sepiida |
| Family: | Sepiidae |
| Genus: | Sepia |
| Species: | S. esculenta
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| Binomial name | |
| Sepia esculenta (Hoyle, 1885)
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| Synonyms | |
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Sepia (Platysepia) esculenta Hoyle, 1885 | |
Life cycle
editThe life span of the golden cuttlefish is typically short and around 1 year.[4] After maturity, males perform different visual displays to attract a potential mate to sexually reproduce. These members of the Cephalopoda class are gonochoric, meaning reproductive organs are separate between males and females. Males carry sperm and females carry eggs. In cuttlefish, to carry out mating, males pass a packet of sperm using one of their arms specially adapted for this purpose to the females buccal membrane.[5] Golden cuttlefish male sperm competition plays a large role in reproduction. Females often mate with more than one male during each mating season and retain sperm in storage for a long time.[6] This leads to male competition to mate and eventually sperm competition to fertilize the eggs. Golden cuttlefish males use their arms to scrape the packets of sperm from other males off the buccal membrane, in an effort to remove as much as possible before adding their own.[7] Once completed, the female golden cuttlefish will lay clusters of eggs at a pace of one egg roughly every 5 minutes[8] on seaweeds, grasses, branches, etc. Batches consist of 50-300 eggs for roughly 3-4 followed by a day of rest.[9] This patterns continues until thousands of eggs have been laid. Once mating is complete, golden cuttlefish return to the sea.[10] When the eggs are hatched, golden cuttlefish start out in a planktonic stage for a period of time before growing larger and taking up a benthic lifestyle.
References
edit- ^ "Biological characteristics and multiplication techniques of Sepia esculenta--《Chinese Journal of Ecology》2007年04期". en.cnki.com.cn. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
- ^ "Sepia esculenta, Golden cuttlefish : fisheries". www.sealifebase.ca. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
- ^ Zheng, Xiaodong; Ikeda, Minoru; Kong, Lingfeng; Lin, Xiangzhi; Li, Qi; Taniguchi, Nobuhiko (December 2009). "Genetic diversity and population structure of the golden cuttlefish, Sepia esculenta (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) indicated by microsatellite DNA variations". Marine Ecology. 30 (4): 448–454. Bibcode:2009MarEc..30..448Z. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00294.x.
- ^ Natsukari, Yutaka; Tashiro, Masatoki (1991-06-01). "Neritic squid resources and cuttlefish resources in Japan". Marine Behaviour and Physiology. 18 (3): 149–226. doi:10.1080/10236249109378785. ISSN 0091-181X.
- ^ IFCA, Devon and Severn. "Cuttlefish". Devon and Severn IFCA. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
- ^ Guo, Haoyu; Zhang, Dongxue; Wang, Liang; Li, Wentao; He, Pingguo; Näslund, Joacim; Zhang, Xiumei (2021-01-15). "Sperm competition in golden cuttlefish Sepia esculenta: The impact of mating order and male size". Aquaculture. 530: 735929. Bibcode:2021Aquac.53035929G. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735929. ISSN 0044-8486. S2CID 225204933.
- ^ Wada, Toshifumi; Takegaki, Takeshi; Mori, Tohru; Natsukari, Yutaka (2005-07-01). "Sperm displacement behavior of the cuttlefish Sepia esculenta (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae)". Journal of Ethology. 23 (2): 85–92. doi:10.1007/s10164-005-0146-6. hdl:10069/27390. ISSN 1439-5444. S2CID 35176816.
- ^ Wada, Toshifumi; Takegaki, Takeshi; Mori, Tohru; Natsukari, Yutaka (2005-07-01). "Sperm displacement behavior of the cuttlefish Sepia esculenta (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae)". Journal of Ethology. 23 (2): 85–92. doi:10.1007/s10164-005-0146-6. hdl:10069/27390. ISSN 1439-5444. S2CID 35176816.
- ^ Natsukari, Yutaka; Tashiro, Masatoki (1991-06-01). "Neritic squid resources and cuttlefish resources in Japan". Marine Behaviour and Physiology. 18 (3): 149–226. doi:10.1080/10236249109378785. ISSN 0091-181X.
- ^ "The reproduction process of cuttlefish | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-04-13.